Selenium attenuates the inflammatory injury induced by tumor necrosis factor-α in AC16 cardiomyocytes / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To exploring the effect of selenium on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced inflammatory injury of AC16 cardiomyocytes.Methods:AC16 cardiomyocytes cultured in vitro were divided into control group, selenium pretreatment group (100 μg/L sodium selenite pretreatment for 4 h), 50 μg/L TNF-α group, selenium pretreatment + 50 μg/L TNF-α group, 100 μg/L TNF-α group, and selenium pretreatment + 100 μg/L TNF-α group. After 24 h of culture, the cell culture medium or cells were collected for detection. Griess method was used to detect nitric oxide (NO) level in cell culture medium. Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining was detected by fluorescence inverted microscope and karyopyknosis ratio was analyzed. The mRNA expression levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The protein expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 and inhibitory κB-α (IκB-α) were detected by Western blotting. Results:The levels of NO in the control group, selenium pretreatment group, 50 μg/L TNF-α group, selenium pretreatment + 50 μg/L TNF-α group, 100 μg/L TNF-α group and selenium pretreatment + 100 μg/L TNF-α group were (10.58 ± 2.32), (9.07 ± 0.73), (15.53 ± 3.97), (12.05 ± 1.11), (30.65 ± 4.16) and (19.02 ± 3.72) μmol/L, respectively. Selenium and TNF-α had main effects on NO level ( F = 37.71, 99.07, P < 0.001) and interaction effect ( F = 11.80, P < 0.001). Selenium and TNF-α had main effects on karyopyknosis ratio and Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression levels ( F = 56.37, 462.81, 18.04, 32.85, 18.38, 170.77, P < 0.05). Selenium and TNF-α had an interactive effect on both karyopyknosis ratio and Bax mRNA expression level ( F = 21.48, 19.96, P < 0.001). Selenium and TNF-α had main effects on iNOS mRNA expression level ( F = 129.98, 1 051.76, P < 0.001) and interaction effect ( F = 53.28, P < 0.001). Selenium and TNF-α had main effects on the protein expression levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB-α ( F = 73.65, 145.49, 710.20, 105.66, P < 0.001) and interaction effects ( F = 26.73, 197.59, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Selenium may inhibits iNOS expression through NF-κB signal system and protects cardiomyocytes from TNF-α induced inflammatory injury.

Bactericidal Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles Combined with Povidone-iodine on Pathogenic Bacteria in Surgical Site Infection / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the bactericidal effect of loaded multifunctional povidoneiodine-nanometer selenium （PVP-I@Se） disinfectant on Staphylococcus aureus （SA） and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus （MRSA）， and to provide an experimental basis for the reduction of surgical site infection （SSI）. MethodsThe control group was the povidone iodine （PVP-I） group with different concentrations of iodine （50， 75， 100， 200 and 400 μg/mL）. The PVP-I@Se group （experimental group） was the PVP-I group further supplemented with 2 μg/mL Selenium nanoparticles （SeNPs）. Then we compared the bactericidal effect of the two groups of disinfectant solutions on SA and MRSA by examining the minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC）， minimum bactericidal concentration （MBC）， the shortest sterilization time at a concentration of 50 μg/mL iodine and the inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL iodine. ResultsMIC values of PVP-I against SA and MRSA were both 79.17 μg/mL， and those of PVP-I@Se were 54.17 and 70.83 μg/mL， respectively. MBC values of PVP-I against SA and MRSA were 129.17 and 150.00 μg/mL， respectively， and those of PVP-I@Se were 70.83 and 87.50 μg/mL， respectively. At a concentration of 50 μg/mL iodine， the shortest sterilization time of PVP-I for SA and MRSA was 130 s and 140 s， respectively， and that of PVP-I@Se was 65 s and 75 s， respectively. At a concentration of 200 μg/ml iodine， the inhibition zone diameters of PVP-I for SA and MRSA were 7.67 mm and 8.33 mm， and those of PVP-I@Se were both 9.50 mm. At a concentration of 400 μg/mL iodine， the inhibition zone diameters of PVP-I for SA and MRSA were 9.00 mm and 9.33 mm， and those of PVP-I@Se were 11.67 mm and 12.00 mm， respectively. ConclusionsPVP-I with different concentrations of 50， 75， 100， 200 and 400 μg/mL iodine supplemented with 2 μg/mL SeNPs have better and faster bactericidal effect on SA and MRSA. When combined with SeNPs， PVP-I can enhance the bactericidal activity against SA and MRSA， but with better sensitizing effect on SA than MRSA and higher demand of iodine concentration （400 μg/mL） for sensitizing effect on MRSA. This study provides a theoretical basis for selecting optimal concentration and action time of the disinfectant， thus reducing SSI.

Effects of Se nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, hematological parameters and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerling fed sunflower meal based diet / Efeitos da suplementação de nanopartículas de Se no desempenho de crescimento, parâmetros hematológicos e digestibilidade de nutrientes da dieta baseada em farinha de girassol alimentada com alevinos de Labeo rohita

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBC's 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBC's 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar os efeitos das nanopartículas de selênio no crescimento, hematologia e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de alevinos de Labeo rohita. Os alevinos foram alimentados com sete dietas isocalóricas à base de farinha de girassol suplementada com diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas, nomeando T1 a T7 (0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5 e 3 mg / kg), com 5% do peso corporal úmido enquanto o óxido crômico foi usado como um marcador indigesto. Após a experimentação por 90 dias, o grupo tratado com T3 (nível 1mg / kg -1Se-nano) mostrou o melhor resultado em parâmetros hematológicos (WBC's 7,97 × 103mm-3, RBC's 2,98 × 106mm-3 e contagem de plaquetas 67), digestibilidade dos nutrientes (proteína bruta: 74%, extrato de éter: 76%, energia bruta: 70%) e desempenho de crescimento (ganho de peso 13,24 g, ganho de peso % 198, taxa de conversão alimentar 1,5, taxa de sobrevivência 100%) em comparação com os outros grupos de tratamento. As taxas de crescimento específicas foram encontradas significativamente mais altas em T5 do que em outros grupos. O presente estudo indicou efeito positivo de 1 mg / kg de nanopartículas de Se no avanço do crescimento, parâmetros hematológicos e digestibilidade de nutrientes de alevinos de L. rohita.

Effects of Se nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, hematological parameters and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerling fed sunflower meal based diet

Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBCs 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBCs 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar os efeitos das nanopartículas de selênio no crescimento, hematologia e digestibilidade dos nutrientes de alevinos de Labeo rohita. Os alevinos foram alimentados com sete dietas isocalóricas à base de farinha de girassol suplementada com diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas, nomeando T1 a T7 (0, 0,5, 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5 e 3 mg / kg), com 5% do peso corporal úmido enquanto o óxido crômico foi usado como um marcador indigesto. Após a experimentação por 90 dias, o grupo tratado com T3 (nível 1mg / kg -1Se-nano) mostrou o melhor resultado em parâmetros hematológicos (WBCs 7,97 × 103mm-3, RBCs 2,98 × 106mm-3 e contagem de plaquetas 67), digestibilidade dos nutrientes (proteína bruta: 74%, extrato de éter: 76%, energia bruta: 70%) e desempenho de crescimento (ganho de peso 13,24 g, ganho de peso % 198, taxa de conversão alimentar 1,5, taxa de sobrevivência 100%) em comparação com os outros grupos de tratamento. As taxas de crescimento específicas foram encontradas significativamente mais altas em T5 do que em outros grupos. O presente estudo indicou efeito positivo de 1 mg / kg de nanopartículas de Se no avanço do crescimento, parâmetros hematológicos e digestibilidade de nutrientes de alevinos de L. rohita.

Investigating the Alkaline Potential of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Repair Using Selenium Nanoparticles

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar o efeito da adição de nanopartículas de selênio (SeNPs) ao agregado de trióxido mineral (MTA HP) em relação ao potencial alcalinizante. Além disso, examinou o material do conjunto após a incorporação de SeNPs usando a microscopia eletrônica de varredura de emissão de campo com análise de raios X por dispersão de energia (FE-SEM/EDX) para caracterizar a composição elementar e as alterações morfológicas resultantes da integração de SeNPs. As amostras de cimento, antes e depois da incorporação de SeNPs, foram examinadas usando FE-SEM/EDX. O nível de pH também foi medido com um pH-metro previamente calibrado com soluções de pH conhecido, para avaliar a atividade alcalinizante da substância integrada em diferentes concentrações de nanopartículas: Grupo 1 (controle): 0% p/p de SeNPs, Grupo 2: 0,5% p/p de SeNPs, Grupo 3: 1% p/p de SeNPs, Grupo 4: 1,5% p/p de SeNPs e Grupo 5: 2% p/p de SeNPs após 1, 7, 14 e 30 dias em água distal. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA unidirecional e testes de Tukey (P≤0,05). De acordo com o FE-SEM/EDX, as características morfológicas indicam que as SeNPs foram dispersas e integradas com sucesso na matriz de reparo do MTA. A análise de EDX valida a presença de selênio, confirmando a integração bem-sucedida. Os resultados confirmaram que o MTAHP apresentou alto nível de pH com uma redução perceptível na atividade alcalinizante com cada concentração incorporada de (SeNPs) que diferiu significativamente do grupo de controle em vários períodos de tempo (P≤ 0,05). Consequentemente, os resultados indicam que a adição de SeNPs ao MTA HP tem um impacto notável sobre o pH da solução de armazenamento, levando a uma redução significativa nos valores de pH para todas as concentrações e períodos de tempo quando comparados ao grupo de controle. A ação alcalinizante do MTA HP é altamente afetada pelas SeNPs incorporadas, tornando-o mais adequado para aplicação no tecido pulpar. Este estudo contribui para a nossa compreensão das alterações morfológicas e da composição elementar do MTA HP incorporado com SeNPs, aprimorando suas possíveis aplicações na regeneração dentária e tecidual.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effect of adding selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA HP) concerning alkalinizing potential. Additionally, it examined the set material after SeNPs incorporation using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (FE-SEM/EDX) for characterizing the elemental composition and morphological alterations resulting from the integration of SeNPs. Cement samples, both before and after SeNPs incorporation, were examined using FE-SEM/EDX. The pH level was also measured with a pH-meter previously calibrated with solutions of known pH, to evaluate the alkalinizing activity of the integrated substance at different concentrations of nanoparticles: Group 1 (control): 0% w/w SeNPs, Group 2: 0.5% w/w SeNPs, Group 3: 1% w/w SeNPs, Group 4: 1.5% w/w SeNPs and Group 5: 2% w/w SeNPs after 1, 7, 14, and 30 days in distal water. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (P≤0.05). According to FE-SEM/EDX, the morphological characteristics indicate that SeNPs were successfully dispersed and integrated into the MTA repair matrix. EDX examination validates the presence of Selenium, confirming successful integration. The findings confirmed that the MTAHP showed a high pH level with a discernible reduction in the alkalinizing activity with each incorporated concentration of (SeNPs) that significantly differed from the control group across various periods at (P≤ 0.05). Consequently, the findings indicate that the addition of SeNPs to MTA HP has a notable impact on the pH of the storage solution, leading to a significant decrease in pH values for all concentrations and periods when compared to the control group. The alkalinizing action of MTA HP is highly affected by the incorporated SeNPs, making it more suitable for application in pulpal tissue. This study contributes to our understanding of the morphological alterations and elemental composition of SeNP-incorporated MTA HP, enhancing its potential applications in dental and tissue regeneration.

Selenium-rich food potentially useful to control mercury levels among Afro-Colombians: Towards an intercultural intervention / Alimentos ricos en selenio potencialmente útiles para controlar los niveles de mercurio entre afrocolombianos: hacia una intervención intercultural

Introduction. Diet-based interventions may be a culturally acceptable option to decrease mercury levels and thus prevent the adverse effects of this metal on population health. Selenium is an element present in Colombian geology that can act as a chelator, decreasing mercury concentrations in the human body. Objective. To identify potentially useful selenium-rich foods to control the effects of mercury exposure among Afro-Colombians. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out with 320 individuals from five municipalities of Chocó. They were asked about the frequency of consumption of selenium-rich foods, and their association with mercury concentrations in hair was estimated with multiple robust regression. Results. Guava, whole wheat flour, strawberries, cow liver, spinach and yeast extract were the foods with higher consumption. Walnuts, whole wheat flour, and yeast extract were identified in multiple robust regression as foods to consider in future interventions. Conclusion. It is proposed that the banana juice, the pineapple colada, the borojó (Borojoa patinoi) sorbet, the cucas, and the enyucado are basic elements for a culturally acceptable intervention.

Introducción. Las intervenciones basadas en la dieta pueden ser una opción culturalmente aceptable para disminuir los niveles de mercurio y prevenir los efectos adversos de este metal en la salud de la población. El selenio es un elemento presente en la geología colombiana que puede actuar como quelante, disminuyendo las concentraciones de mercurio en el cuerpo humano. Objetivo. Identificar los alimentos ricos en selenio potencialmente útiles para controlar los efectos de la exposición a mercurio entre afrocolombianos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal con 320 individuos de cinco municipios del departamento del Chocó. Se les preguntó sobre la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos ricos en selenio y su asociación con las concentraciones de mercurio en cabello fue estimada con regresión múltiple robusta. Resultados. La guayaba, la harina de trigo integral, las fresas, el hígado de vaca, la espinaca y el extracto de levadura fueron los alimentos de mayor consumo. Las nueces, la harina de trigo integral y el extracto de levadura fueron identificados en regresión múltiple robusta como alimentos por considerar en futuras intervenciones. Conclusiones. Se propone que el jugo de plátano, la piña colada, el sorbete de borojó (Borojoa patinoi), las cucas, el enyucado y la sábida de plátano primitivo maduro son elementos básicos para una intervención culturalmente aceptable.

Effect of selenium against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain of rats: Role of TRPM2 channel

Doxorubicin (DOX) is widely used as an anticancer drug in humans' various solid and haematological tumours. Although many studies on the toxic effect of DOX are used in different organs, its impact on brain tissue has yet to be adequately studied. This study investigated the protective effect of selenium (Se) and the role of transient receptor potential melastatin?2 (TRPM2) channel activation against brain damage caused by DOX administration. Sixty rats were randomly divided into the sham, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), DOX, DOX?+?Se, DOX?+?N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (ACA), and DOX?+?Se?+?ACA groups. The reactive oxygen species (ROS), poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1), and TRPM2 channel levels in brain tissues were measured by ELISA. In addition, a histopathological examination was performed in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal areas, and the TRPM2 channel, NF-?B, and caspase-3 expression were determined immunohistochemically. The levels of ROS, PARP1 and TRPM2 channel in the DOX group were higher than in the sham and DMSO groups (P <?0.05). However, these parameters were decreased in the in DOX+Se and DOX+ACA groups by the treatments of Se and ACA (P?<?0.05). Also, we determined that Se and ACA treatment decreased the NF-?B, caspase-3, and TRPM2 channel expression in the cerebral cortex and hippocampal areas in the DOX-induced rats. The data showed that Se and/or ACA administration together with DOX administration could be used as a protective agent against DOX-induced brain damage.

Association rules between hair selenium level and residents' diet in Keshan disease area of Zhangjiakou in 2018 -2020 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the related factors of hair selenium level in Keshan disease area of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, and to provide reliable data basis for consolidating the elimination of Keshan disease. Methods The association rule (Apriori) analysis was carried out on the survey data of hair selenium level of people in Keshan disease endemic areas and non-endemic areas of Zhangjiakou City from 2018 to 2020. By setting the minimum support and confidence, and combining with the lift ratio, the association relationship between the hair selenium level of people in Keshan disease area and the staple food and vegetables of the residents was analyzed. Results A total of 5 strong association rules were generated. The maximum values of support, confidence and lift ratio were 12.22, 93.33 and 1.17, respectively, and the minimum values were 10.00, 90.91 and 1.14, respectively. The moderate level of selenium in the hair of residents in the disease area was related to the consumption of food purchased from other places and a large quantity of vegetables. Conclusion Association rules provide a reference research method for improving hair selenium nutrition level of residents in Keshan disease area of Zhangjiakou City and establishing a long-term mechanism for Keshan disease prevention and control.

Correlation between selenium and chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis / 预防医学

Objective@#To systematically evaluate the correlation between selenium in the body and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD), so as to provide insights into CKD prevention and control.@*Methods@#Publications pertaining to the correlation between selenium level and CKD were retrieved from electronic databases, including CNKI, WanFang Data, PubMed and Web of Science from inception until July 28, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed using the software Stata 16.0, and all measures were expressed with standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95%CI. The source of heterogeneity was analyzed using subgroup analysis and meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis was performed using the leave-one-out method. In addition, the publication bias was evaluated with d funnel plot, Egger's test and Begg's test, and the robustness of the result was evaluated using the trim and filling method.@*Results@#A total of 2 990 publications were screened, and 63 eligible publications were included in the final analysis, including 18 cross-sectional studies, 40 case-control studies, 2 cohort studies and 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which covered 5 099 CKD patients and 6 334 controls. Meta-analysis showed lower selenium levels in CKD patients than in controls (SMD=-1.828, 95%CI: -2.132 to -1.523, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis showed lower selenium levels among CKD patients than among controls from Asia, Europe and multiple continents (P<0.05), and lower selenium levels were detected in patients undergoing conservative treatment, hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis than in controls (P<0.05), while the selenium levels were significantly lower in CKD patients than in controls in cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and RCTs (P<0.05). The selenium level was significantly lower among CKD patients than among controls regardless of the study year, sample size and score for quality of publications (P<0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed robustness of this meta-analysis. Publication bias was identified by funnel plot, Begg's test and Egger's test, and the robustness of the result was found using the trim-and-fill method. @*Conclusion @#There may be a possible correlation between selenium and the risk of CKD.

Changes of selenium nutritional level of school-age children in Kashin-Beck disease areas in Tibet Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2021 / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To assess the changes of selenium nutrition of school-age children in Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) areas of Linzhou County, Lhasa City and Xietongmen County, Shigatse City in Tibet Autonomous Region (referred to as Tibet), and provide a scientific basis for evaluating the effectiveness of prevention and control measures.Methods:According to the historical condition of KBD, a total of 344 children's hair samples were collected to determine the content of selenium in Kazi (KBD area) and Jiangxia townships (non-KBD area) of Linzhou County in 2013 and 2021, Renqinze (KBD area) and Tongmen townships (non-KBD area) of Xietongmen County in 2015 and 2021.Results:Compared to 2013/2015, in 2021, the hair selenium level of children in the four townships increased ( P < 0.001). The selenium nutritional level of more than 90% of the children reached medium or above (hair selenium > 0.25 μg/g) in 2021. The hair selenium levels of girls in the two KBD areas (Kazi and Renqinze townships) were lower than those of boys ( Z = - 2.83, - 2.83, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The selenium nutrition level of school-age children in KBD areas in Linzhou and Xietongmen counties has increased rapidly in recent years. However, the selenium nutrition level of girls is significantly lower than that of boys. It is necessary to strengthen prevention, controlling and monitoring, and to further improve the dietary structure of school-age children through the joint efforts of families and schools, to increase the proportion of exogenous high selenium food intake.

Research progress on synthesis, safety, function and mechanism of selenium nanoparticles / 中国药理学通报

As an essential trace element, selenium plays a very important role in antioxidation and maintaining redox homeostasis in various metabolic processes. With the development of nano-technology, selenium nanoparticles ( SeNPs) have become potential biomedical drugs because of their low toxicity, degrad-ability and high bioavailability. With the ability to activate apop-tosis or autophagy by regulating the production of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) , SeNPs are widely used in anticancer therapy and pathogens killing/clearance. In addition, with excellent stability and drug encapsulation capacity, SeNPs are serving as a kind of effective nano-carriers for anti-cancer and anti-infection treatments. Interestingly, the important role of SeNPs in immune regulation ( such as the activation of macrophages and T effector cells) provides a new possibilities to achieve nano-immune syn-ergetic treatment strategy for anti-cancer and anti-infection thera¬pies. In this paper, we review the latest progress of the prepara¬tion methods and safety for SeNPs, followed by the advances of anti-infection, anti-cancer effects and its mechanisms, which would be helpful for promoting the pace of clinical research and application. In addition, we also summarize the functions of SeNPs in other aspects, so as to provide beneficial assistance for facilitating its scientific and clinical research.

Relation between Selenium and Female Fertility: A Systematic Review / Relação entre o selênio e a fertilidade feminina: Uma revisão sistemática

Abstract Objective To analyze the influence of selenium in female fertility. Data sourceA search was performed in the following databases: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, MDPI, ScienceDirect, and Europe PMC. The descriptors selected were "selenium" AND "female" AND "fertility". The search interval was from 1996 to 2021. Study selectionThe evaluation was performed independently by two reviewers, and a third reviewer confirmed the inclusion of papers in case of divergence between the first two reviewers. Papers were selected after the title and abstract were read, and those that met the eligibility criteria had the full text read. Data collectionThe following data was extracted: author, year of publication, country, type of study, objective, method, sample size, follow-up period, patients' mean age, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and concentration of serum and capillary selenium. The data was organized in chronological order of paper publication. Data synthesisThe number of papers identified totaled 3,800, out of which 7 were included in the systematic review. The studies indicated a positive correlation between serum selenium and antioxidant concentration in the follicular fluid, reduction in antithyroid antibodies, oocyte production and follicle number. Conclusion Selenium supplementation is promising in women with this micronutrient deficiency to promote improvement of the reproductive efficiency and prevent damage to the pregnancy. Further studies on this theme are still required.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a influência do selênio na fertilidade feminina. Fonte dos dadosUma busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, LILACS, MDPI, ScienceDirect e Europe PMC. Os descritores selecionados foram "selenium" AND "female" AND "fertility". O intervalo de busca foi de 1996 a 2021. Seleção dos estudosA avaliação ocorreu de maneira independente por dois revisores, sendo que um terceiro corroborou a eleição dos artigos em casos de divergência. Os estudos foram selecionados através da leitura do título e resumo, e aqueles que contemplaram os critérios de elegibilidade foram lidos na íntegra. Coleta dos dadosOs seguintes dados foram extraídos: autor, ano de publicação, país, tipo de estudo, objetivo, método, tamanho da amostra, tempo de acompanhamento, média de idade das pacientes, critérios de inclusão e exclusão, concentração de selênio sérico e capilar. Os dados foram organizados em ordem cronológica de publicação do estudo. Síntese dos dadosForam identificados 3.800 artigos e incluídos 7 estudos na revisão sistemática. Os resultados indicaram correlação positiva entre o nível de selênio sérico e a concentração de antioxidantes no fluido folicular; diminuição dos níveis de anticorpos antitireoidianos; produção de oócitos, e número de folículos. Conclusão A suplementação de selênio é promissora em mulheres com deficiência do micronutriente, a fim de promover melhora na eficiência reprodutiva e prevenir danos na gravidez. Salientou-se a necessidade de realização de mais estudos sobre o tema.

Insulino Mimetic Selenium in Type II Diabetes: Correlation with Blood Glucose

Background: Selenium has been reported to be insulinomimetic and to reduce blood glucose level in type 2 diabetes.Material & Methods:This study describes an inverse correlation of serum selenium with blood glucose level. This is a case control study conducted among 30 low BMI and 70 normal BMI diabetes and 50 low BMI non-diabetic controls. Serum selenium concentration was determined by atomic absorption graphite spectrophotometry.Results:Serum selenium concentration was estimated to be 44�礸/L, 48�礸/L and 59�礸/L respectively in low BMI (<18.5) and normal BMI (18.5-24.9) diabetics and low BMI non-diabetics controls. A trend of inverse correlation was found between serum selenium and blood glucose levels. Serum selenium level at > 40 (41-60) 礸/L was found to be inversely correlated (p<0.05) with blood glucose level.Conclusions:Lower serum selenium was observed in the diabetic patients and it was inversely correlated with blood glucose level

Effect of Selenium-yeast on Cognitive Performance on Pregnant Dams Exposed to Noise Stress

A total of twelve pregnant Wistar rats were used, and randomly divided into three groups (n=4). Group A (negative control), not exposed to noise stress), group B (1mL/kg of distilled water + 4h /15 days noise stress), group C (0.04 mg/kg) of selenium-yeast + 4 h/15 days noise stress). On day 18 and 19 of gestation cognitive tests were conducted using Y-maze and Novel Object Recognition Test. A significant increase (P ? 0.05) was observed in the percentage alternation and discrimination index in group A compared with group B. However, the percentage alternation and DI were significantly (P ? 0.05) decreased in group C compared with group B. In conclusion, noise stress induces cognitive deficit, this deficit can be mitigated with the administration of selenium-yeast.

Effect of selenium yeast combined with vitamin D on thyroid hormone levels and cell apoptosis in Hashimoto′s thyroiditis rat model / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of selenium yeast combined with vitamin D on thyroid hormone levels and cell apoptosis in Hashimoto′s thyroiditis rat model.Methods:Fifty-five SD rats were divided into control group( n=10) and model group( n=45). Five rats died during the modeling process, and the remaining were divided into model, selenium yeast, vitamin D, and combination therapy groups, with 10 rats in each group. Blood levels of thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb), thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH), free triiodothyronine(FT 3), free thyroxine(FT 4), tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-23, selenium, and vitamin D3 were detected. HE and TUNEL staining were used to observe thyroid tissue morphology and cell apoptosis. Toll-like receptor(TLR)2, TLR4, myeloid differentiation protein 88(MyD88), NF-κB mRNA and protein expressions in thyroid tissue were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results:Thyroid cells were destroyed and the number of apoptotic cells was increased in model group compared with control group( P<0.05), along with increased levels of TGAb, TPOAb, TSH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-23 as well as TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB mRNA and protein expressions( P<0.05), and decreased FT 3, FT 4, IL-10, selenium, and vitamin D 3 levels( P<0.05). Thyroid cells were relatively normal and the number of apoptotic cells were reduced in the three treatment groups compared with model group( P<0.05), while TGAb, TPOAb, TSH, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB levels were decreased( P<0.05), and FT 3, FT 4, IL-10, selenium, and vitamin D 3 levels were increased( P<0.05), showing the best effect in combination therapy group( P<0.05). Conclusion:Selenium yeast combined with vitamin D attenuates thyroid cell apoptosis, reduces autoimmune damage, and protects thyroid function via inhibiting TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Effects of arsenic, selenium, lead and chromium in urine on blood pressure in people from arsenic exposure areas of Togtoh County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To learn about the incidence of hypertension in residents of arsenic exposure areas of Togtoh County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension.Methods:In Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Ciweigou of Togtoh County, a drinking water-type endemic arsenic poisoning area, and Lanjiayao of Horinger County, a non-arsenic poisoning area with similar living habits and economic conditions, permanent residents who had lived for ≥10 years were selected as the survey subjects. Totally 116 residents of Ciweigou (exposure group) and 68 residents of Lanjiayao (control group) were included in the survey. Blood pressure was measured and the contents of arsenic, selenium, lead and chromium in urine were detected, multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of hypertension.Results:The detection rates of hypertension in exposure group and control group were 53.45% (62/116) and 70.59% (48/68), respectively, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 5.33, P = 0.022). The contents of arsenic, selenium and chromium in urine of exposure group were higher than those of control group, and the content of lead in urine was lower than that of control group, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z = 13.04, 6.34, 11.28, - 9.91, P < 0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female, age ≥60 years old and high urinary arsenic content were the influencing factors of hypertension [odds ratio ( OR) = 2.074, 2.004, 0.424, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.113 - 3.866, 1.035 - 3.879, 0.219 - 0.820] in arsenic exposure areas. Conclusion:Female, age ≥60 years old and high urinary arsenic content are the influencing factors of hypertension in arsenic exposure areas of Togtoh County, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

Green-synthetized selenium nanoparticles using berberine as a promising anticancer agent / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#The chemo-preventative and therapeutic properties of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been documented over recent decades and suggest the potential uses of SeNPs in medicine. Biogenic SeNPs have higher biocompatibility and stability than chemically synthesized nanoparticles, which enhances their medical applications, especially in the field of cancer therapy. This study evaluated the potential of green-synthetized SeNPs by using berberine (Ber) as an antitumor agent and elucidated the mechanism by which these molecules combat Ehrlich solid tumors (ESTs).@*METHODS@#SeNPs containing Ber (SeNPs-Ber) were synthesized using Ber and Na@*RESULTS@#Treatment with SeNPs-Ber significantly improved the survival rate and decreased the body weight and tumor size, compared to the EST group. SeNPs-Ber reduced oxidative stress in tumor tissue, as indicated by a decrease in the lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels and an increase in the glutathione levels. Moreover, SeNPs-Ber activated an apoptotic cascade in the tumor cells by downregulating the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression rate and upregulating the Bcl-2-associated X protein and caspase-3 expression rates. SeNPs-Ber also considerably improved the histopathological alterations in the developed tumor tissue, compared to the EST group.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study provides a new insight into the potential role of green-synthesized SeNPs by using Ber as a promising anticancer agent, these molecules could be used alone or as supplementary medication during chemotherapy.

Effects of directional adaptation on selenium tolerance and accumulation of heterotrophic Chlorella pyrenoidosa / 生物工程学报

Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for organisms. Se deficiency will cause diseases such as Keshan disease and Kashin-Beck in human being, and huge loss to animal husbandry. Currently available Se supplements have such problems as low Se content, poor bioavailability, and poor safety. Chlorella pyrenoidosa can produce bioavailable and safe organic Se under suitable conditions, which is thus a promising Se supplement. Therefore, in this study, we tried to improve the Se tolerance and accumulation of C. pyrenoidosa by directional adaptation. To be specific, we gradually increased the concentration of Na2SeO3 in medium to domesticate C. pyrenoidosa and optimized the adapting time and concentration gradient of Na2SeO3 during the adaptation. The results showed that the adapted C. pyrenoidosa was more tolerant to Se and had stronger Se enrichment ability. In 5 L fermenter, the adapted strains could tolerate 40 mg/L Na2SeO3 and the synthesis rate of organic Se was 175.6% higher. Then, Se addition method in the 5 L fermenter was optimized. The result demonstrated that addition of Na2SeO3 at 40 mg/L during heterotrophic culture achieved the final dry weight of C. pyrenoidosa cells at 106.4 g/L, content of organic Se at 1 227 mg/kg, and synthesis rate of organic Se at 1.36 mg/(L·h). Compared with the reported highest cell density of 75 g/L and the highest organic Se content of 560 mg/kg, the corresponding figures in this study were 41.9% and 119.1% higher, respectively. In conclusion, directional adaptation can remarkably improve the Se tolerance and enrichment of C. pyrenoidosa.

Investigation on myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, Hubei Province with different selenium content / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, Hubei province with different selenium content, and analyze the correlation between the level of serum selenium, hair selenium and myopia.METHODS:A cross-sectional study. A total of 600 students from grades 1-3 of junior high schools(100 students in each grade)in selenium-rich(selenium in soil ≥1.28mg/kg)and selenium-deficient(selenium in soil &#x003C;1.28mg/kg)areas were randomly selected from September 2020 to September 2021, respectively. The level of serum selenium, hair selenium, glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and myopia condition were determined.RESULTS:The serum and hair selenium of myopic group(n=244, 40.7%)were 75.14±11.16μg/L and 0.51±0.01μg/g, respectively. Those in the non-myopic group(n=356, 59.3%)were 110.24±12.14μg/L and 0.68±0.02 μg/g, respectively. The serum selenium and hair selenium in the two groups were different(all P&#x003C;0.01). The serum selenium of 300 students in the selenium-deficient area was 76.74±11.25μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.45±0.01 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 154(51.3%); The serum selenium of 300 students in selenium-rich areas was 102.31±10.26 μg/L, the hair selenium was 0.71±0.02 μg/g, and the number of myopia cases was 90(30.0%), the serum and hair selenium in the selenium-rich areas were significantly higher than those compared with the students in selenium-deficient areas, and the myopic incidence was significantly reduced(all P&#x003C;0.01). The level of GSH-Px of the two areas was 114.65±12.12U/L vs 75.34±13.20U/L(Z=37.994, P&#x003C;0.01). There is a negative correlation between serum and hair selenium and the myopic incidence(r=-0.542, -0.621, P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION:Serum and hair selenium is significantly associated with myopia of junior high school students in Enshi, which may provide new ideas for the clinical prevention and treatment of myopia.

Automated Framework and Visualization-based Analysis of Concept Evolution of Spleen and Stomach Diseases and Syndromes in Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo collect and screen records concerning the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） using an automated framework and to systematically explore the concept evolution of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes using the visualization method. MethodA total of 1 224 kinds of ancient book data in the Ancient Books of Traditional Chinese Medicine Database （V2.1） were analyzed using the automated testing tool Selenium WebDriver with the Python 3.8 programming language and the etree library of Lxml for automatic collection and statistics of the "book title" "author" "classification" "dynasty" "completion time"， and "informative abstract". After being checked and collated， the collected data were visually analyzed with Tableau （V2020.1.3） for figuring out the concept evolution of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in the past dynasties from the perspectives of symptoms and signs， etiology and pathogenesis， principle-method-recipe-medicinal， and prognosis. ResultA total of 7 203 clauses were automatically collected from 989 ancient books. It was found that in the pre-Qin period， there were few ancient books related to the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes， and the understandings were confined to the superficial symptoms or signs and the basic etiology and pathogenesis. From the Han to Sui and Tang dynasties， the related concepts gradually increased and the descriptions about the manifestations are more detailed than those in previous dynasties. The etiology， diagnosis， and treatment system of the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes were further perfected. In the Song， Jin， and Yuan dynasties， such concepts as independent signs，symptoms， as well as nature and location of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes were enriched. In the Ming and Qing dynasties， a TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment system for spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes was formed， and the related concepts were gradually simplified and unified. ConclusionThe concepts of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes have undergone an evolution from simplicity to complexity and then back to simplicity. There are numerous ancient books discussing the concepts of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes， exhibiting a fluctuating yet rising trend with time. The automated framework enables the construction of a lightweight database of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes. Based on data visualization， the concept evolution of the spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes from ancient times to the present has been efficiently uncovered， which is conducive to tracing the origin and development of spleen and stomach diseases and syndromes in TCM. This has provided reference for related research of spleen and stomach diseases in modern Chinese medicine.