Prevenção de comportamentos autodestrutivo na adolescência: influência das redes sociais / Prevention of self-destructive behaviors in adolescence: influence of social networks

A comunicação entre pais e seus filhos no período da adolescência é fundamental para propor uma estrutura psicológica, na qual pode-se permitir que o adolescente desenvolva uma autoestima forte e independente. Objetivo: identificar por meio de literatura o comportamento autodestrutivo em adolescentes que utilizam redes sociais e jogos digitais de modo demasiado. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de cunho exploratório com intuito caracterizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica, realizada através do Google Acadêmico, Fio Cruz (Fundação Oswaldo Cruz), Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), utilizando os uni termos: "COMPORTAMENTOS AUTODESTRUTIVOS NA ADOLESCENCIA", pesquisado apenas no idioma português," ordenado por "data" de 2002 até maio de 2023. Resultado: Mediante as bases pesquisadas forem elegíveis (22) artigos, (2) revistas e (1) livro após os critérios estabelecidos ficaram apenas 05 artigos. Conclusão: Cabe aos profissionais da saúde bem como a equipe de enfermagem, seja na atenção primaria ou dentro do ambiente hospitalar estarem preparados e capacitados para prestar uma assistência de qualidade, realizar o acolhimento e uma escuta terapêutica de forma mais positiva.(AU)

Communication between parents and their children during adolescence is fundamental to propose a psychological structure in which adolescents can develop a strong and independent self-esteem. Objective: to identify, through literature, self-destructive behavior in adolescents who use social networks and digital games too much. Method: This is an exploratory study with a purpose characterized by a bibliographical review, carried out through Google Scholar, Fio Cruz (Oswaldo Cruz Foundation), Virtual Health Library (VHL), using the uni terms: "SELF-DESTRUCTIVE BEHAVIORS NA ADOLESCENCIA", searched only in Portuguese," sorted by "date" from 2002 to May 2023. Result: According to the searched databases, (22) articles, (2) magazines and (1) book were eligible after the established criteria. only 05 articles. Conclusion: It is up to health professionals, as well as the nursing team, whether in primary care or within the hospital environment, to be prepared and qualified to provide quality care, embracement and therapeutic listening in a more positive way.(AU)

La comunicación entre padres e hijos durante la adolescencia es fundamental para proponer una estructura psicológica en la que los adolescentes puedan desarrollar una autoestima fuerte e independiente. Objetivo: identificar, a través de la literatura, conductas autodestructivas en adolescentes que utilizan demasiado las redes sociales y los juegos digitales. Método: Se trata de un estudio exploratorio con finalidad caracterizada por una revisión bibliográfica, realizada a través de Google Scholar, Fio Cruz (Fundación Oswaldo Cruz), Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS), utilizando los términos uni: "CONDUCTAS AUTODESTRUCTIVAS EN LA ADOLESCENCIA" , buscado solo en portugués", ordenados por "fecha" de 2002 a mayo de 2023. Resultado: De acuerdo con las bases de datos buscadas, (22) artículos, (2) revistas y (1) libro fueron elegibles después de los criterios establecidos. sólo 05 artículos. Conclusión: Corresponde a los profesionales de la salud, así como al equipo de enfermería, ya sea en la atención primaria o en el ámbito hospitalario, estar preparados y calificados para brindar un cuidado de calidad, acogida y escucha terapéutica de forma más positiva.(AU)

Combined effect of health literacy and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors on suicide related behaviors of junior middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the combined effect of health literacy and nonsuicidal selfinjury on suiciderelated behaviors in junior middle school students, so as to provide reference for suicide prevention.@*Methods@#During May to June 2023, a selffilling questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 367 junior middle school students selected by the methods of multistage stratified cluster sampling combined with conventient sampling in Chongqing. And a binary Logistic regression model was established to analyze the association of health literacy and NSSI with suiciderelated behaviors.@*Results@#The detection rates of suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt among junior middle school students were 27.99%, 9.84%, and 4.64%, and the detection rate of NSSI was 38.03%, the rates of possessing total health literacy, functional health literacy, interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy were 62.68%, 66.51%, 54.24%, and 72.65%, respectively. Binary Logistic regression analyses showed that the absence of total health literacy and the three dimensions of health literacy and NSSI were positively correlated with suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempt in junior middle school students (OR=1.42-10.30), and there were combined effects (OR=7.43-18.71) (P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Lack of health literacy or the presence of NSSI and their coexistence increase the risk of suiciderelated behaviors, and health literacy level should be improved in junior middle school students to reduce NSSI and thereby prevent suiciderelated behaviors.

Research progress on physical pain and social pain in non-suicidal self-injury and their influencing factors / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Non-suicidal self-injury is a prevalent pathological behavior in clinical settings,significantly impacting both physical and mental health.Non-suicidal self-injury is closely associated with the abnormal perception of pain.Pain can be classified as physiological pain and social pain.In contrast to healthy people,individuals engaging in non-suicidal self-harm exhibit lower sensitivity to physiological pain but higher sensitivity to social pain.Their physiological pain thresholds are elevated,while their social pain thresholds are reduced.The alterations in pain sensitivity led them to alleviate emotions through a"pain to counter pain"approach.The abnormalities in pain sensitivity among individuals who engage in non-suicidal self-injury are closely linked to their social and psychological factors.Self-criticism,depressive symptoms,and adverse childhood experiences are all associated with the pain sensitivity of non-suicidal self-harm patients.

Construction and evaluation of risk prediction model for non suicidal self injury of middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To construct a nonsuicidal selfinjury (NSSI) risk prediction model for middle school students using different machine learning algorithms and evaluate the models effectiveness, so as to provide guidance for the prevention and control of NSSI in campus.@*Methods@#In March 2023, a total of 3 372 middle and high school students from schools in Nanchang, Fuzhou and Shangrao cities in Jiangxi Province were selected by combining stratified random cluster sampling and convenient sampling methods. Questionnaire surveys were conducted using various instruments including general information questionnaire, Selfesteem Scale, Ottawa Selfinjury Scale, Social Support Assessment Scale, Chinese Version of the Olweus Bullying Questionnaire, Event Attribution Style Scale, Adolescent Resilience Scale, and Adolescent Life Events Scale. Data were divided into training set (n=2 361) and test set (n=1 011) at a ratio of 7∶3, and variables were selected based on univariate and LASSO regression results. Four machine learning algorithms including namely random forest, support vector machine, Logistic regression and XGBoost, were used to construct NSSI risk prediction models, and the models performance was evaluated and compared using metrics including area under curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and F1 score.@*Results@#The detection rate of NSSI among middle school students was 34.4%. Univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in NSSI detection rates among middle school students of different grades, genders, registered residence locations, whether they were class cadres and four types of bullying (physical, verbal, relational bullying and cyberbullying) (χ2=27.17, 15.81, 11.54, 4.63；68.22, 140.63, 77.81, 13.95, P<0.05). NSSI was included as the dependent variable in the LASSO regression model for variable screening, and the results regression identified 10 predictive variables including grade level, selfesteem, subjective support, support utilization, verbal bullying, emotional control, interpersonal relationships, punishment, loss of relatives and property, and health and adaptation issues. The AUC values of random forest, support vector machine, Logistic regression, and XGBoost algorithms were 0.76, 0.76, 0.76 and 0.77, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between pairwise comparisons (Z=-0.59-0.82, P>0.05). Sensitivity values were 0.62, 0.61, 0.62 and 0.61, respectively. Specificity values were 0.74, 0.78, 0.78 and 0.78, respectively. Positive predictive values were 0.56, 0.59, 0.60 and 0.59, respectively. Negative predictive values were 0.79, 0.79, 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. F1 scores were 0.59, 0.60, 0.61 and 0.60, respectively.@*Conclusions@#All four nonsuicidal selfinjury risk prediction models perform well, with the Logistic regression model slightly outperforming the others. Schools and parents should pay attention to the predictive factors corresponding to NSSI, so as to reduce the occurrence of NSSI among middle school students.

Association between subthreshold depression and psychotic like experiences with non suicidal self injury among adolescents in Shandong Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association between subthreshold depression, psychotic like experiences (PLEs), and their interactions with non suicidal self injury (NSSI) in adolescents from Shandong, so as to provide a reference for the prevention and early intervention of NSSI in adolescents.@*Methods@#A random cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 6 090 adolescents aged 13-22 from two cities along the coast and inland of Shandong Province. Electronic surveys were administered using the SelfInjurious Behavior Questionnaire, Community Assessment of Psychic Experiencepositive 8 items(CAPE-P8), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale(CES-D). The relationship between subthreshold depression, PLEs, and their interaction with NSSI was analyzed using multivariate Logistic regression.@*Results@#The detection rate of NSSI among adolescents was 21.3%. The highest NSSI reporting rate (27.9%) was found in the age group of 13-15 years.The NSSI reporting rates for those detected with subthreshold depression and PLEs were 49.9% and 30.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that individuals with subthreshold depression were 3.47 times more likely to engage in NSSI [OR(95%CI)=3.47(2.68-4.50)]. Those identified with PLEs had 5.32 times higher risk of engaging in NSSI than those without such experiences [OR(95%CI)=5.32(4.10-6.89)]. When both subthreshold depression and PLEs coexist, the risk of engaging in NSSI was 18.47 times higher than in individuals with neither condition [OR(95%CI)=18.47(14.75-23.13)] (P<0.01). The relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion (AP), and synergy index (S) were 11.44, 0.61, and 2.89, respectively, indicating that the combined interaction of subthreshold depression and PLEs accounted for 61% of adolescent NSSI.@*Conclusions@#Subthreshold depression and psychoticlike experiences are associated NSSI in adolescents and exhibit an additive interaction. Alleviating subthreshold depression in adolescents and reducing psychotic experiences may play a positive role in preventing the occurrence of NSSI.

Mental health of Brazilian physicians: a nationwide cross-sectional study to investigate factors associated with the prevalence of suicide plans and attempts

Objective: To report on suicide plans and attempts among Brazilian physicians and to investigate the associated risk factors. Methods: From January 2018 to January 2019, a nationwide online survey was conducted among Brazilian physicians using the Tool for Assessment of Suicide Risk and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. Multivariate exploratory associations of demographic, psychological, and work-related factors were performed on reports of suicide plans and attempts. Results: Of the 4,148 participants, 1,946 (53.5%) were male, 2,527 (60.9%) were 30 to 60 years old, 2,675 (64.5%) had two to four jobs, and 1,725 (41.6%) worked 40 to 60 hours a week. The overall prevalence of suicide plans was 8.8% (n=364), and suicide attempts were reported by 3.2% (n=133) of participants. Daily emotional exhaustion (ORadj = 7.857; 95%CI 2.282-27.051, p = 0.002), weekly emotional exhaustion (ORadj = 7.953; 95%CI 2.403-26.324, p = 0.001), daily frustration at work (ORadj = 3.093; 95%CI 1.711-5.588, p < 0.001), and bisexuality (ORadj = 5.083; 95%CI 2.544-10.158, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with higher odds of suicide. Extremely dissatisfied physicians reported suicide plans and attempts in 38.3% of cases, whereas extremely satisfied physicians reported suicide plans and attempts in only 2.8% of cases (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Brazilian physicians with a history of suicide plans and attempts express emotional exhaustion and frustration at work. There is an urgent need for actions to promote professional safeguards and resilience.

Self-inflicted burns in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis / Queimaduras autoprovocadas no Brasil: revisão sistemática e meta-análise

ABSTRACT Introduction: burns represent a pivotal component of trauma in Brazil, accounting for 2 million incidents and 2,500 deaths annually. Self-intentional burns are associated with a worse prognosis, larger burned surface area, higher infection rates, and death. The lack of studies on the issue of self-immolation raises epidemiological questions regarding Brazilian victims. This study aimed to investigate the profile of burn events associated with self-injurious behavior among Brazilian victims. Methods: this systematic review was performed according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and evaluated the correlation between self-injurious behavior as a cause of burns in Brazilian victims and its epidemiological implications in the last 20 years (2003-2023). The MeSH terms "Burns", "Self-Injurious Behavior", "Epidemiology" and "Brazil" were queried in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, and Cochrane Library databases, and, after selection by inclusion/exclusion criteria, the most relevant studies were critically analyzed. Results: From 1,077 pre-selected studies, 92 were potentially eligible, resulting in 7 manuscripts incorporated in this review. From 3,510 burned victims assembled in the pool of selected studies, 311 cases displayed self-injurious behavior. Burned patients who attempted to burn their lives have a higher risk of death (p<0.05; RR=5.1 [3.2-8.1]) and larger burned surface area (p<0.05; MD=19.2 [10-28.2]), compared to accidental cases. Moreover, the female gender was at a higher risk of attempting self-immolation (p<0.05; RR=4.01 [2.9-5.5]). Conclusion: our results show that self-inflicted burn cases were associated with a larger burned surface area and a higher risk of death, and the female gender was identified as a relevant risk factor in Brazil.

RESUMO Introdução: Queimaduras representam um componente fundamental do trauma no Brasil, sendo responsáveis por 2 milhões de incidentes e 2.500 mortes anualmente. Queimaduras autointencionais estão associadas a pior prognóstico, maior superfície corporal queimada, maiores taxas de infecção e morte. A falta de estudos sobre a problemática da autoimolação levanta questões epidemiológicas em relação às vítimas brasileiras. O estudo se objetivou investigar o perfil das queimaduras associados ao comportamento autolesivo entre vítimas brasileiras. Métodos: Esta revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA 2020 e avaliou a correlação entre comportamento autolesivo como causa de queimaduras em vítimas brasileiras e suas implicações epidemiológicas nos últimos 20 anos (2003-2023). Os termos MeSH "Burns", "Self-Injurious Behavior", "Epidemiology" e "Brazil" foram elencados no PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO e Cochrane Library e, após seleção por critérios de inclusão/exclusão, os estudos mais relevantes foram analisados criticamente. Resultados: Dos 1.077 estudos pré-selecionados, 92 foram potencialmente elegíveis, resultando em 7 manuscritos incorporados nesta revisão. Das 3.510 vítimas queimadas reunidas no conjunto de estudos selecionados, 311 casos apresentaram comportamento autolesivo. Pacientes que tentaram autoimolação apresentam maior risco de morte (p<0,05; RR=5,1 [3,2-8,1]) e maior superfície corporal queimada (p<0,05; MD=19,2 [10-28,2]), em comparação com casos acidentais. Ademais, o sexo feminino apresentou maior risco para tentativa de autoimolação (p<0,05; RR=4,01 [2,9-5,5]). Conclusão: Nossos resultados mostram que os casos de queimaduras autoprovocadas foram associados a uma maior área de superfície corporal queimada e a um maior risco de morte, e o sexo feminino foi identificado como um fator de risco relevante no Brasil.

Modelo explicativo de ansiedad generalizada y bullying como predictores de autolesiones no suicidas en adolescentes peruanos

Fundamento las autolesiones no suicidas se consideran un problema de salud pública y social durante la última década, el cual afecta en mayor medida a los adolescentes. La ansiedad generalizada y el bullying pueden ser factores desencadenantes para su desarrollo. Objetivo analizar un modelo explicativo de la ansiedad generalizada y el bullying como predictores de autolesiones no suicidas en adolescentes peruanos. Métodos estudio de diseño explicativo, transversal, con participación de 1 249 adolescentes peruanos, de edad promedio de 15 años (desviación estándar = 1,49) quienes respondieron escalas sobre ansiedad generalizada, bullying y autolesiones no suicidas. Para el análisis de datos, se aplicó la potencia estadística, la correlación y un modelo de regresión estructural basado en covarianzas para confirmar el modelo explicativo. Resultados las variables psicológicas se correlacionaron de manera positiva y estadísticamente significativa. El modelo propuesto presentó índices de ajuste adecuados (CFI = 0,94; RMSEA = 0,03 [IC del 90 %: 0,02-0,03] y SRMR = 0,04) y se evidenció que la ansiedad generalizada (β = 0,26, p = 0,001) y las dimensiones del bullying, como la agresión (β = 0,25, p = 0,001) y la victimización (β = 0,21, p = 0,003) predijeron de manera estadísticamente significativa las autolesiones no suicidas. Conclusiones los hallazgos sugieren que tanto la ansiedad generalizada como el bullying predicen las autolesiones no suicidas en adolescentes. La evidencia proporciona información útil para desarrollar y evaluar programas de prevención basados en estas variables psicológicas, con vistas a disminuir el riesgo de las autolesiones no suicidas.

Background non-suicidal self-harm has been considered a public and social health problem during the last decade, which affects adolescents to a greater extent. Generalized anxiety and bullying can be trigger factors for its development. Objective to analyze a generalized anxiety and bullying explanatory model as non-suicidal self-harm predictors in Peruvian adolescents. Methods cross-sectional, explanatory design study, with 1,249 Peruvian adolescents, average age 15 years old (standard deviation = 1.49), who answered scales on generalized anxiety, bullying, and non-suicidal self-harm. For data analysis, statistical power, correlation, and a structural regression model based on covariances were applied to confirm the explanatory model. Results the psychological variables were positively and statistically significantly correlated. The proposed model had adequate fit indices (CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.03 [90% CI: 0.02-0.03] and SRMR = 0.04) and it was evidenced that generalized anxiety (β = 0.26, p = 0.001) and bullying dimensions such as aggression (β = 0.25, p = 0.001) and victimization (β = 0.21, p = 0.003) statistically significantly predicted self-harm not suicidal. Conclusions The findings suggest that both generalized anxiety and bullying predict non suicidal self-harm in adolescents. The evidence provides useful information for developing and evaluating prevention programs based on these psychological variables, to reduce the non-suicidal self-harm risks.

Echoes of early-life stress on suicidal behavior in individuals with substance use disorder / Ecos del estrés en la vida temprana en el comportamiento suicida en personas con trastorno por uso de sustancias

Introduction: Psychoactive substances abuse is considered a problematic social factor due its likelihood to cause harmful, self-destructive behaviors to the subjects and the overall society. Stress in an individual's early life may also be a contributing factor to substance abuse as well as suicide attempts. There is a lack of studies examining these factors in people with substance-use disorder. Aim: to identify the relationship between early-life stress and suicide attempts in drug-dependent adults. Methods: This is a predictive correlational study with a cross-sectional approach. The convenience sample consisted of 105 individuals treated at an outpatient unit for addiction treatment. The participants were assessed using the Mini-international Neuropsychiatric Interview, a Childhood Trauma Questionnaire to measure the severity of the different types of early life stress; the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation was also used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics through univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: The analyzed sample included 33 (31.4%) individuals who attempted suicide and were significantly more likely to suffer from emotional, physical, or sexual abuse than those who had never attempted suicide (p <0,05). Conclusions: Different forms of early-life stress are related to attempted suicide in people with substance-use disorder. Further studies are needed to understand the effects of early-life stress on suicide attempts in drug-dependent people.

Introducción: El abuso de sustancias psicoactivas se considera un factor social problemático cuando se producen conductas autodestructivas perjudiciales para el sujeto y la sociedad. El estrés en la vida temprana de una persona también puede ser un factor que contribuya a las situaciones de abuso de sustancias, así como a los intentos de suicidio. Hay una falta de estudios que examinen estos factores en personas con trastorno por uso de sustancias. Objetivo: Identificar la relación entre estrés en la vida temprana y los intentos de suicidio en personas adultas con trastorno por uso de sustancias. Métodos: Estudio correlacional, predictivo, transversal. La muestra de conveniencia consistió en 105 personas tratadas en una unidad ambulatoria para el tratamiento de adicciones. Las personas se evaluaron por medio de la Mini-Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional, el Cuestionario de Trauma Infantil para medir la gravedad de los diferentes tipos de estrés en la vida temprana y la Escala de Beck para Ideación Suicida. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial mediante regresión logística univariante y multivariante. Resultados: De la muestra analizada, 33 (31,4%) habían intentado suicidarse y tenían una exposición significativamente mayor al abuso emocional, físico y sexual (p<0,05) en comparación con las personas que nunca habían intentado suicidarse. Conclusiones: Diferentes formas de estrés en la vida temprana están relacionadas con el intento de suicidio en personas con trastorno por consumo de sustancias. Se necesitan más estudios para comprender los efectos del estrés en la vida temprana sobre los intentos de suicidio en una persona con dependencia.

Introdução: O uso abusivo de substâncias psicoativas é considerado um fator social problemático quando ocorrem comportamentos autodestrutivos prejudiciais ao sujeito e à sociedade. O estresse no início da vida de um indivíduo também pode ser um fator que contribui para situações de abuso de substâncias, bem como tentativas de suicídio. Há uma falta de estudos examinando esses fatores em pessoas com transtorno por uso de substâncias. Objetivo: Identificar a relação entre o estresse no início da vida e as tentativas de suicídio em adultos com transtorno de uso de substâncias. Métodos: Estudo correlacional preditivo com abordagem transversal. A amostra por conveniência foi composta por 105 indivíduos atendidos em uma unidade ambulatorial para tratamento de dependências e foi avaliada por meio do Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, do Childhood Trauma Questionnaire para medir a gravidade de diferentes tipos de estresse precoce e da Escala de Beck para Ideação Suicida. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial por meio de regressão logística univariada e multivariada. Resultados: Da amostra analisada, 33 (31,4%) já haviam tentado suicídio e tiveram exposição significativamente maior a abusos emocionais, físicos e sexuais (p <0,05) em comparação com os participantes que nunca tentaram suicídio. Conclusões: Diferentes formas de estresse no início da vida estão relacionadas à tentativa de suicídio em indivíduos com transtorno por uso de substâncias . Mais estudos são necessários para compreender os efeitos do estresse precoce nas tentativas de suicídio de uma pessoa com dependência.

Lesión autoinfligida y absceso cerebral secundario en un paciente con esquizofrenia / Self-inflicted injury and secondary cerebral abscess in a patient with schizophrenia

RESUMEN La lesión autoinfligida es un acto intencional de hacerse daño sin propósito suicida. El presente caso describe a un paciente esquizofrénico de 37 años de edad, que ha padecido 20 años con la enfermedad, y síntomas recientes de irritabilidad, agresividad, aislamiento, ideas de perjuicio y contaminación («tengo un estafilococo en mi cabeza¼). Durante 10 años utilizaba varios objetos, incluido un bisturí con el que llegó a remover (extirpar) parte de la calota, ocasionando un edema vasogénico en la región córtico-fronto-parietal izquierda que produjo hemiparesia braquiocrural derecha y motivó su admisión. Luego de descartarse un accidente cerebrovascular o tumor cerebral, fue intervenido quirúrgicamente para la extracción de un absceso cerebral. Recibió varios fármacos antipsicóticos con respuesta parcial, y más tarde mejoró con la administración de paliperidona. En casos como este, es necesario un tamizaje, diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos para evitar evolución y pronóstico tórpidos en pacientes esquizofrénicos con lesiones autoinfligidas y con historia de pobre respuesta y adherencia al tratamiento.

ABSTRACT Self-injury is the intentional act of causing harm to oneself, without suicidal purposes. This case report describes a 37-year-old schizophrenic patient, with a history of 20 years, and recent symptoms of irritability, aggressiveness, isolation, self-harm and contamination ideas ("I have a staphylococcus in my head"). For 10 years, he used a variety of objects to manipulate himself, among them a scalpel with which he extirpated part of the calotte, causing a vasogenic edema in the left cortico-fronto-parietal region that produced a right brachio-crural haemiparesis, the reason for his admission. After ruling out a stroke or a brain tumor, he underwent surgery for the removal of a brain abscess; he received several antipsychotic agents with only a partial response that later improved after being switched to paliperidone. In cases like this, it is necessary to conduct a timely screening, diagnosis and treatment in order to avoid a torpid evolution and prognosis in schizophrenic patients with long-standing self-inflicted injuries and a history of poor adherence and response to treatment.

Adaptação e evidências de validade do Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory - versão simplificada (DSHI-s) / Adaptation and evidence of validity of the Deliberate Self-harm Inventory - short version (DSHI-s) / Adaptación y evidencias de validez del Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory - versión simplificada (DSHI-s)

Esta pesquisa adaptou e analisou as evidências de validade da versão simplificada do Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-s) para o português. Participaram 160 estudantes do ensino médio. Aplicou-se um questionário sociodemográfico, o Questionário de Impulso, Autodano e Ideação Suicida na Adolescência (QIAIS-A) e a versão traduzida do DSHI-s (nomeado como Inventário de Autolesão Deliberada - reduzido - IAD-r). A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio dos softwares SPSS e Factor. O resultado da análise fatorial exploratória indicou uma estrutura final para o IAD-r composta por 15 itens distribuídos em um fator e a escala apresentou boa consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach=0,95; ômega de McDonald=0,95). Constataram-se, também, evidências de validade convergente do IAD-r com o QIAIS-A (índice de correlação=0,775; p<0,001). Portanto, os presentes achados demonstraram evidências de validade do IAD-r, pois foram obtidas características psicométricas satisfatórias para mensuração de comportamentos autolesivos em adolescentes. (AU)

This research adapted to Portuguese and analyzed the validity evidence of the simplified version of the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-s). Participants included 160 high school students. A sociodemographic questionnaire, the Questionnaire of Impulse, Self-harm and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescence (QIAIS-A), and the translated version of the DSHI-s (Deliberate Self-Injury Inventory - reduced - IAD-r) were applied. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS and Factor. The result of the Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a final structure for the IAD-r composed of 15 items and one factor, and the scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha=.95; McDonald's Omega=.95). There was also evidence of convergent validity of the IAD-r with the QIAIS-A (correlation index=.775; p<.001). Therefore, the current findings allow attesting that the IAD-r showed satisfactory validity evidence for measuring self-injurious behaviors in adolescents. (AU)

Esta investigación adaptó y analizó evidencias de validez de la versión simplificada del Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI-s) para portugués. Participaron 160 estudiantes de secundaria. Se aplicó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Cuestionario de Impulso, Autolesiones e Ideación Suicida en la Adolescencia (QIAIS-A) y la versión traducida del DSHI-s (denominado Inventario de Autolesiones Deliberadas - reducido - IAD-r). El análisis de los datos se realizó con el software SPSS y Factor. El resultado del Análisis Factorial Exploratorio indicó una estructura final para el IAD-r con 15 ítems distribuidos en un factor, y la escala mostró una buena consistencia interna (Alfa de Cronbach=0,95; Omega de McDonald's=0,95). También hubo evidencias de validez convergente del IAD-r con el QIAIS-A (índice de correlación=0,775; p<0,001). Por lo tanto, los presentes hallazgos demuestran evidencias de la validez del IAD-r, ya que se obtuvieron características psicométricas satisfactorias para medir conductas autolesivas en adolescentes. (AU)

Práticas aplicadas nas escolas em situações de automutilação em adolescentes: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Practices applied in schools in situations of self-mutilation among adolescents: scope review protocol

OBJETIVO: Identificar as práticas aplicadas nas escolas em situações de autolesão não suicida em adolescentes. MÉTODO: A estratégia de busca será aplicada no Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE/Elsevier); Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL/Ebsco); Scopus/Elsevier, Cochrane Library; Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF); PsycINFO; Education Resources Information Center (ERIC); Web of Science Core Collection, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), e na literatura cinzenta. Serão considerados artigos de pesquisas primárias, quantitativos e/ou qualitativos, sem limitações quanto à data da publicação e idioma. Os resultados serão inseridos no EndNote v.X9 e duplicatas serão removidas. O Rayyan QCRI20 será utilizado na seleção dos estudos. Esta será feita por dois revisores independentes de forma cega. Discordâncias serão resolvidas por consenso ou terceiro revisor. Será utilizado o diagrama de fluxo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Os dados serão extraídos usando a ferramenta de extração na abordagem scoping review do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

OBJECTIVE: Identify practices applied in schools in situations of non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents. METHOD: The search strategy will be applied in Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE/PubMed), Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE/Elsevier); Cumulated Index in Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL/Ebsco); Scopus/Elsevier, Cochrane Library; Latin America and the Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS) by Virtual Health Library (VHL), Nursing Database (BDENF); PsycINFO; Education Resources Information Center (ERIC); Web of Science Core Collection, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), and gray literature. Primary, quantitative and/or qualitative research articles will be considered without restriction regarding publication date and language. Results will be entered into EndNote X9, and duplicates will be removed. The Rayyan QCRI20 will be used in the selection of studies. This will be done by two independent reviewers blindly. Disagreements will be resolved by consensus or a third reviewer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) flowchart will be used. Data will be extracted using the extraction tool in the JBI scoping review approach.

Progress in the pathogenesis and treatment of non suicidal self injury in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Non suicide self injury is highly common in adolescents, which is seriously threatening their physical and mental health. It is an important predictor of future suicide, and has become a focus of global public health concern. At present, the research on adolescent non suicidal self injury is still in its infancy, and its formation process is complex. The pathogenesis is not completely clear, and the relevant treatment studies are relatively few. The paper expounds the pathogenesis and treatment of the nonsuicidal adolescent NSSI from the perspectives of genetics, neurobiology, neuroimage and social psychology, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for adolescent NSSI prevention and intervention.

Correlation analysis between non suicidal self injury behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the correlation between non suicidal self injury(NSSI) behaviors and depressive symptoms in adolescents and to provide a theoretical basis for improvement of adolescent physical and mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 8 102 adolescents aged 12-17 years were selected by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming, using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Adolescent Non Suicidal Self Injurious Behavior Assessment Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms and the occurrence of NSSI behaviors were assessed. The relationship between NSSI behaviors and depressive symptoms was analyzed using Chi square test, one way analysis and Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of NSSI in adolescents, 24.6%, with a significantly lower detection rate in boys (23.1%) than in girls (26.2%) ( χ 2=10.97, P <0.05), and 24.7%, 24.6% in the middle school and high school segments, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant ( χ 2=0.01, P >0.05). The overall detection rate of adolescent depressive symptoms was 49.7 % in the group with NSSI and 17.7% in the group without NSSI, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=808.80, P < 0.01 ). The detection rates of adolescent depressive symptoms in the group with NSSI (male:44.0%, female:54.7%, middle school:49.6%, high school:49.8%) and the group without NSSI (male:14.2%, female:21.4%, middle school:14.3%, high school: 21.0 %) were statistically significant by sex and age groups ( χ 2=385.58, 412.44, 520.60, 313.78, P ＜0.01). Logistic regression models, after adjusting for gender and age, the risk for depressive symptoms was 2.65 times (95% CI =2.27-3.09) and 7.28 times (95% CI = 6.34- 8.37) more frequently in adolescents with episodic self injurious behavior and frequent self injurious behavior, respectively, compared to those without self injurious behavior. The association between NSSI status and depressive symptoms did not show sex differences ( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#Adolescent NSSI behavior is positively associated with depressive symptoms, the attention should be paid to adolescent physical and mental health to reduce the occurrence of NSSI.

Association between incidence of injuries and health related behavior among middle school students in five provinces in China / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the association between incidence of injuries and health related behavior among middle school students in China, to provide evidence for injury prevention.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 067 students who were selected from Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou provinces by using stratified random cluster sampling method. Chi square test and multiple Logistic regression analyses were used to analyze incidence of injuries and health related behavior.@*Results@#The prevalence of self injury among middle school students in five provinces was 11.0%, the prevalence of intentional injury was 13.2%. Multiple Logistic regression analyses showed that attempting smoking, not eating breakfast every day, having a low mood more than 2 weeks in the past 6 months were positively correlated with self injury ( OR=3.02, 2.04, 4.30, P ＜0.01) after adjusting for region, and the smoking attempt behavior was positively correlated with intentional injury ( OR=2.03, P ＜0.05) after adjusting for region, urban and rural, residence condition, weekly allowance condition.@*Conclusion@#Smoking attempt behavior could be viewed as a shared predictor for both self injury and intentional injury behavior among middle school students, smoking control intervention should be carried out actively among students.

Association of sleep quality, depressive symptoms with non suicidal self injury among rural middle school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the association of sleep quality, depressive symptoms and their interaction with non suicidal self injury (NSSI) among rural middle school students, so as to provide a reference for early prevention and control of NSSI among rural middle school students.@*Methods@#A multi stage cluster sampling method was used to randomly select four rural middle schools in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province. A total of 1 723 middle school students were investigated according to the principle of grade stratification and class random selection. Paper questionnaires (including demographic factors, Non Suicidal Self Injury Short Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnare-9) were used to conduct the questionnaire survey. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association of sleep quality, depressive symptoms and their interaction with NSSI among rural middle school students.@*Results@#Totally 30.5% of middle school students had NSSI. Univariate results showed that girls (33.0%) had a higher incidence of NSSI than boys(27.3%), and those with sleep disorders and depressive symptoms had a higher incidence of NSSI, which was 46.8%, 43.6%. The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that the risk of NSSI in students with sleep disorder was 1.80 times that in those without sleep disorder( OR 95%CI=1.42-2.28, P <0.01). The risk of NSSI in students with depressive symptoms was 3.32 times higher than that in those without depressive symptoms( OR 95%CI=2.60-4.24, P <0.01). The interaction results showed that there was additive interaction between sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms on the occurrence of NSSI behavior in rural middle school students, and the relative excess risk, attributable proportion and synergy index were 1.80, 0.30 and 1.57, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Sleep disorder and depressive symptoms are risk factors for NSSI among rural middle school students, and there is additive interaction between them.

A qualitative study of experiences of non suicidal self injury in adolescents with depression / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the real experience and feelings of self injurious cutting in adolescents with depression, to provide guidance for clinical targeted interventions.@*Methods@#During November 2021 to May 2022, 19 adolescent patients with depression who had cut themselves as the type of non suicidal self injury were recruited from a tertiary first class psychiatric hospital in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. All the participants were interviewed in a semi structured manner, which used the interpretative phenomenological analysis to analyze the transcription data.@*Results@#The experience and feelings of non suicidal self injury in adolescent with depression could be summarized into five themes: self injury thoughts that arise under external interference; self injurious behavior in a thousand thoughts; painful but a happy experience of self injury; cutting as the most frequently selected form of non suicidal self injury; decreases in self injurious behavior reduced when they feel love and responsibility.@*Conclusion@#Non suicidal self injury of adolescent patients with depression are affected by various factors. Clinicians should provide targeted clinical care according to the characteristics of patients, as well as the no suicide contract, alternative skills of non suicidal self injury behaviors, and a multi dimensional social support platform with the families of patients.

Association of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion with Internet addiction and non suicidal self injury behavior in junior and senior school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the mediating effect of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion between Internet addiction and non suicidal self injury (NSSI) behavior among junior and senior school students, so as to develop interventions to promote adolescent mental health.@*Methods@#A total of 3 026 junior and senior school students from Yixing, Jiangsu Province, China, were selected by stratified cluster sampling from December 2022 to February 2023, and were administered the Ottawa Self injury Inventory (OSI), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Family Environment Scale-Chinese Version (FES-CV), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Chinese Internet Addiction Scale Revised (CIAS-R). A mediating effect model was constructed to analyze the mediating effect of anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion on Internet addiction and NSSI.@*Results@#Internet addiction ( r = 0.24), insomnia ( r =0.28), and anxiety ( r =0.27) were positively correlated with NSSI, while the latter was negatively correlated with family cohesion ( r =-0.23) ( P <0.01). The mediating effect model was well fitted ( CFI=0.999, TLI=0.978, RMSEA = 0.030 ). Anxiety (mediation effect value:0.12, 95% CI =0.08-0.18) and family cohesion (mediation effect value:0.08, 95% CI = 0.03 -0.13) had a separate mediating effect. A chain meditating effect was found in the case of anxiety and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.14, 95% CI =0.10-0.20), family cohesion and anxiety (mediation effect value:0.05, 95% CI =0.03-0.07), family cohesion and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.05, 95% CI =0.03-0.07), and family cohesion, anxiety, and insomnia (mediation effect value:0.06, 95% CI =0.04-0.08). The mediating effect accounted for 14.9%, 10.1%, 17.5%, 6.0%, 5.6%, and 7.1%, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Anxiety, insomnia, and family cohesion partially mediate Internet addiction and NSSI. Schools and families should pay attention to Internet addiction among junior and senior school students and develop appropriate interventions to promote adolescent mental health, so as to reduce the prevalence of NSSI.

Effects of dialectical behavior therapy on cognitive emotion regulation in adolescents with non suicidal self injury behaivor / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effect of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) on cognitive emotion regulation in adolescents with non suicidal self injury (NSSI), so as to provide reference for improving the cognitive and emotional well being of NSSI adolescents.@*Methods@#A total of 166 adolescents with non suicidal self injury who were hospitalized in the Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from March 2021 to March 2023, were selected by the convenient sampling method. According to the random number table method, participants were divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 83 cases in each group. The control group was given routine nursing, while the experimental group was given dialectical behavior therapy on the basis of routine nursing. The 8 week intervention was conducted once a week, with 45- 60 minutes each time. The control group and the experimental group were evaluated with Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was conducted using t test and χ 2 test.@*Results@#Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the scores of each scale include HAMA, HAMD and CERQ between the experimental group and control group ( P >0.05). The scores of HAMD (13.58±3.24, 33.02±7.59), HAMA (12.41±2.51, 24.25±7.14), adaptive adjustment strategy score (69.20± 11.97 , 60.51±7.29) and nonadaptive adjustment strategy scores (37.43±7.87, 47.87±5.20) of CERQ, significantly changed after 8 weeks of intervention ( t=-21.46, -14.25, 5.57, -10.08, P <0.01).@*Conclusions@#Dialectical behavior therapy can improve the anxiety, depression and cognitive emotion regulation of adolescents with NSST. Active intervention should be taken to regulate the emotions of adolescent with NSSI and reduce the occurrence of NSSI.

A machine learning-based predictive model of nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior among college students in Guizhou Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in predicting non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior among college students, and to analyze the influencing factors of NSSI behavior, thus providing a reference for promoting psychological well-being.@*Methods@#In December 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 835 college students from a university in Guizhou Province, China. The Adolescent Self-injury Scale, Family Function Assessment Scale, and Emotion Regulation Self-efficacy Scale were used to evaluate the participants. Demographic characteristics, family factors, and emotional factors were taken as independent variables, while the dependent variable was whether college students exhibited NSSI behavior. Machine learning algorithms, including Logistic regression, support vector machine (SVM), decision trees, algorithm gradient boosting trees, random forests, and AdaBoost, were used to construct predictive models.@*Results@#The detection rate of NSSI behavior among the college students was 23.23% (194 individuals). The NSSI behavior group scored higher than the non-NSSI behavior group in total family function, emotional communication, egoism, and family rules ( t=3.02, 3.35 , 2.23,2.87, P <0.05). On the other hand, the non-NSSI behavior group scored higher than the NSSI behavior group in total emotion regulation selfefficacy, managing negative emotion self-efficacy, and expressing positive emotion self-efficacy ( t=-5.04, -5.48 , -2.43, P <0.05). The recall rates of random forests, SVM, Logistic regression, decision trees, algorithm gradient boosting trees, and AdaBoost were 84.3% , 90.6%, 73.4%, 87.5%, 95.3%, 89.0%, respectively. The F1 scores were 84.4%, 92.1%, 71.2 %, 79.4%, 91.7%, 89.1% , respectively. The respective precision rates were 84.4%, 93.5%, 69.1%, 72.7%, 88.4%, 89.1 %. The AUC scores were 0.845, 0.922, 0.706, 0.776, 0.915, and 0.891, respectively.@*Conclusion@#Compared to the algorithm gradient boosting tree, random forest, Logistic regression, and AdaBoost models, the SVM model has a better predictive effect on whether college students in Guizhou Province exhibits NSSI behavior. It is recommended to use an appropriate model to identify students at risk of NSSI behavior as early as possible and provide psychological crisis interventions to promote their mental health.