Current research status and application prospect of numerical simulation in traditional Chinese medicine drying / 中国中药杂志

With the rapid development of computer technology, numerical simulation has gradually become an important method to study drying process and improve drying equipment. Using computer to simulate the drying process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) is characterized by intuitiveness, scientificity, and low cost, which serves as an auxiliary means for technical innovation in TCM drying. This paper summarizes the theories of different drying methods and the research status of numerical simulation in drying, introduces the modeling methods and software of numerical simulation, and expounds the significance of numerical simulation modeling in shortening the research and development cycle, improving drying equipment, and optimizing drying parameters. However, the current numerical simulation method for drying process has problems, such as low accuracy, lack of quantitative indicators for the control of simulation results on the process, and insufficient in-depth research on the mechanism of drug quality changes. Furthermore, this paper put forward the application prospect of numerical simulation in TCM drying, providing reference for the further study of numerical simulation in this field.

Pharmacological mechanism of main ingredients of Guanxinning Injection treating cardiovascular diseases by computer simulation study / 中草药

Objective: To study network pharmacology mechanism of main ingredients of Guanxinning Injection treating cardiovascular diseases by computer simulation. Methods: Danshensu, salvianolic acid B, protocatechuic aldehyde, rosmarinic acid, tanshinone IIA, lithospermic acid, ferulic acid, senkyuno lide I, ligustrazine, butylphthalide, and ligustilide from Guanxinning Injection were used to predict and screen the targets by reverse molecular docking technology, and were used to study pharmacological mechanism of main ingredients of Guanxinning Injection treating cardiovascular diseases relying on protein-protein interaction network, GO biological processes enrichment, and KEGG signaling pathways enrichment. Results: There were total 11 active ingredients acting INS, Akt1, TNF, MAPK1, ESR1, F2, SERPINE1, and 142 cardiovascular diseases related targets in Guanxinning Injection. These targets were mainly involved in steroid hormone mediated signaling pathway, glutathione metabolic process, positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation and other biological processes, and regulation of coagulation, inflammation and immune, endocrine, and 20 relevant pathways. Conclusion: Guanxinning Injection participated in the treatment of the cardiovascular diseases by anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anticoagulation, promoting fibrinolysis, regulating hormones, and maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis.

Model Construction for Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Care Based on Multidimensional Indicators / 中国卫生统计

Objective The study aimed to construct a composite score method based on multidimensional quality indi-cators and conduct simulation trials to validate the method. Besides,the quality of breast cancer care for both hospitals and sur-geons was evaluated by the method. Methods The two-parameter logistic latent variable model was constructed as measure-ment model;the latent variables in the measurement model were further incorporated into multilevel structural model as depend-ent variables and one pseudo level was designed for representing multiple latent variables. MCMC method was used to estimate model parameters. Three level and two-dimensional latent variable model was used to analyze the actual data. Results The sim-ulation study showed that the number of quality indicators and surgeons should not be less than 20 to obtain efficient estimate of quality of care;the multilevel and multidimensional latent variable model was applied to analyze the data;surgeons and hospitals who provided superior quality of breast cancer diagnosis and operative procedure were obtained. Conclusion The newly con-structed multilevel and multidimensional latent variable model could effectively address the hieratical structure in quality of care data as well as the multidimensional nature of quality of care,thus,the model can be used to comprehensively and rationally as-sess the quality of care;comprehensive evaluation of quality of care provided ground for linking the ranking of hospitals and per-formance appraisal of surgeons to the quality of care.

Model Construction for Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Care Based on Multidimensional Indicators / 中国卫生统计

Objective The study aimed to construct a composite score method based on multidimensional quality indi-cators and conduct simulation trials to validate the method. Besides,the quality of breast cancer care for both hospitals and sur-geons was evaluated by the method. Methods The two-parameter logistic latent variable model was constructed as measure-ment model;the latent variables in the measurement model were further incorporated into multilevel structural model as depend-ent variables and one pseudo level was designed for representing multiple latent variables. MCMC method was used to estimate model parameters. Three level and two-dimensional latent variable model was used to analyze the actual data. Results The sim-ulation study showed that the number of quality indicators and surgeons should not be less than 20 to obtain efficient estimate of quality of care;the multilevel and multidimensional latent variable model was applied to analyze the data;surgeons and hospitals who provided superior quality of breast cancer diagnosis and operative procedure were obtained. Conclusion The newly con-structed multilevel and multidimensional latent variable model could effectively address the hieratical structure in quality of care data as well as the multidimensional nature of quality of care,thus,the model can be used to comprehensively and rationally as-sess the quality of care;comprehensive evaluation of quality of care provided ground for linking the ranking of hospitals and per-formance appraisal of surgeons to the quality of care.

Simulation study of the outpatients queuing system under the time-interval controlled appointment registration mode / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To build a simulation model for outpatients queuing,using data from a general outpatient cardiovascular clinic of a general hospital in Shanghai and different rules in the process.The study employs time-interval controlled mode for appointment registration,for the purpose of analyzing characteristics of different queues.Methods Extraction of data of the clinic in a given month by means of HIS system to determine the parameters of the queuing models.Building the simulation model with Matlab to develop the plan of mixed queues and that of discrete queues,for analyzing the waiting time variations,with different number of doctors on duty and different number of appointments in one time interval.Resnlts In the Monday mornings for example,the mean waiting time of appointments or no-appointments are calculated by simulation with different queuing rules,different number of doctors on duty and different appointment quantities of one time interval.Conclusion The mean waiting times of appointments and no-appointments can be both sizably cut short by means of time-interval controlled appointment; different queuing plans are recommended for different departments; the simulation model should be further verified and optimized in practice.

Defining an Optimal Number of Immunophenotypic Markers for Lineage Assignment of Acute Leukemias Based on the EGIL Scoring System / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: The lineage assignment in acute leukemias is critical in therapeutic decisions. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry plays the main role in the lineage assignment; however, few studies have been done to determine the optimal set of markers. In this regard, we tried to find out the optimal first-line set of markers with a minimal compromise in its diagnostic sensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 321 cases of acute leukemias whose diagnoses were based on the EGIL (European Group for Immunological Classification of Acute Leukemia) scores. At our institution, flow cytometic analyses included 15 first-line markers and 4 additional second-line markers as needed, along with immunohistochemical stains. We performed simulational studies for the expected EGIL scores involving every possible combination of markers and analyzing the overall diagnostic sensitivities in each combination. RESULTS: The cytoplasmic antigens including MPO stain and CD79a stain contributed greatly to the lineage assignment. For a sensitivity over 95%, there needed a combination of MPO stain with other 5 flow markers (CD33, CD13, CD14, CD15 and CD117) for myeloid lineage; CD79a stain with 3 flow markers [CD19, CD10, and CD20 (or TdT)] for B-lymphoid lineage; and 4 flow markers (CD2, CD3, CD5, and CD7) for T-lymphoid lineage. CONCLUSIONS: To maintain diagnostic sensitivities over 95% for each lineage, at least 14 markers (including MPO stain and CD79a stain) were needed; while 16 markers were needed for a sensitivity of 100%. When combined with other important markers for specific aims such as CD45, the minimum number of markers needed for the accurate diagnosis of acute leukemias would be more than about 18 to 20.

A Simulation Study on Microbiological Evaluation of Kimbap Manufacturing Process in Summer and Winter / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate microbiological quality for each stage of the kimbap manufacturing process in summer and winter. Under the various controlled conditions through the simulation, the time-temperature data were collected and the microbiological quality(including total plate count, coliforms, and fecal coliform count) were evaluated. To determine the expected shelf life of Kimbap, a microbiolgical analysis according to the length of the storage time was performed. The microbiological analysis on both sanitary and unsanitary utensils was compared. The microbiological quality of the raw materials of Kimbap in summer was not at an acceptable level, but that of the heat-treated raw materials of Kimbap met the requirement according to the standards set by the Natick Research Center. The number of the microorganisms of the unsanitary utensils and the Kimbap made from unsanitary utensils was more than the acceptable criteria. Sanitary management is necessary to prohibit cross-contamination and to manufacture Kimbap safely. Results from storage times and storage temperature conditions(chilled and room-temperature storage) showed that the expected shelf-life of the Kimbap with the room-temperature storage was as less than 3 hours in summer, while it was as 7-10 hours in winter.

Test for quality control in the survey of infection rate of schistosomiasis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To make the quality control of the tests used in the schistosomiasis survey. Methods A specific new method was proposed to test the independency of three tests in order to control the quality of the survey. Simulated data and real survey data were used to discuss the adaptability of the method. Results The simulated data and the real data both revealed that the new method could be used to test the independency of three tests. Conclusions The new approach can be applied in the quality control of schistosomiasis survey and is of high value for wide application.

Simulation Study on Influence of PALL and Tyco Breathing Filter to Ppeak and Pmean / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To learn the influence of PALL BB25S and Tyco Hygroboy breathing filter (BF) to Ppeak and Pmean. Methods The changes of Ppeak and Pmean were detected by using PALL BB25S and tyco Hygroboy in simulation ventila- tion. Results (1)When BFs (PALL or tyco, adult or child) were applied and Vt from 100ml/T to 800ml/T, the effect of breathing filter can be no significant changed, but Pmean was raised and Ppeak no change. (2)To compare the tyco BFs, the Pmean of child BF and adult BF, Pmean was significant increased. Conclusion Both of PALL BF and Tyco BF only significantly increase Pmean.