Simultaneous isolation of gallotannins and a related phenolic from Mangifera indica kernels and assessment of their anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activities

Therapeutic alternatives are being searched for trichomoniasis as a result of the increased prevalence of metronidazoleresistant infections. Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae) is an importanttree with a long history in medicine. Traditionally, ithas been used as an anti-diarrheal and anti-diabetic, and recently, its gallotannin-rich leaves and stem bark extracts have shownantiparasitic activities against various parasites. Aiming at exploring the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity of mango’sgallotannins, an aqueous ethanol extract of fresh kernels of M. indica was phytochemically investigated. Based on a simplegel chromatographic procedure, ethyl gallate (2), a group of five isomeric tetragalloyl-glucoses (3–7), and a pentagalloylglucose (8) were simultaneously isolated from a single fraction by a preparative Reversed-phase-high performance liquidchromatography. The isolates were identified based on spectroscopic analyses and comparison with reported data. Theyshowed structural-dependent inhibitory effects on the growth of T. vaginalis trophozoites in an in vitro investigation.Ethyl gallate and 1,2,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (7) exhibited elevated anti-T. vaginalis activity (IC50 = 1.3, 2.4μg/ml, respectively). This is the first report exploring the potential of gallotannins as trichomonacidal agents.

Simultaneous Isolation of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Blood from a Liver Cirrhosis Patient: Importance of Detection and Identification of Both Species / 대한진단검사의학회지

A 56-year-old woman with underlying liver cirrhosis was hospitalized with chief complaints of fever, which developed after eating raw fish on the previous day. On physical examination, she showed hypotension. Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were simultaneously isolated from blood cultures, and the patient recovered after treatment with antibiotics including cefotaxime. To our knowledge, simultaneous isolation of both V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus from the blood has never been documented before in Korea or any other countries. When blood cultures from a patient with underlying disease such as liver disease show growth of gram-negative bacilli in the summer months, microbiologists in Korea, where Vibrio infection is prevalent, should be aware of the possibility that V. vulnificus and other Vibrio spp. can be isolated simultaneously. An accurate identification of all isolates is important, because antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, severity and prognosis of the infection are different significantly depending on species.