RESUMEN
Introducción: Las enfermedades alérgicas son muy comunes en la población pediátrica. Entre las causas frecuentes se encuentran los aeroalérgenos del ambiente, y la identificación de estos es de gran ayuda tanto para el diagnóstico como para el tratamiento. Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de aeroalérgenos, por medio de la determinación de Inmunoglobulina E (IgE) específica a alérgenos comunes por la prueba de sensibilidad cutánea en pacientes pediátricos con síntomas de asma y rinitis alérgica. Materiales y Métodos: Diseño observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo, transversal, población de pacientes de 4 a 17 años con síntomas compatibles con asma y rinitis alérgica que acudieron a un centro asistencial pediátrico en el periodo de estudio. Se realizó por medio de las Pruebas de punción cutánea (PCP). Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 8 años, 57% pacientes de sexo masculino y 43% de sexo femenino. El 53% de los pacientes presenta rinitis y asma, 45% solo rinitis y el 2% solo asma. El 79% de los pacientes presentó reacción positiva de sensibilización alérgica por medio de la PCP. Teniendo en cuenta la sensibilización por tipo de aeroalérgenos se tuvo que el 64% de los pacientes tuvo reacción positiva a ácaros, 19% a animales 18% a cucarachas, 8% a pólenes y 6% a hongos. Conclusión: La gran mayoría de pacientes con asma padecía rinitis alérgica concomitante y los ácaros del polvo fueron los aeroalérgenos más frecuentemente determinados en las pruebas cutáneas de alergia en niños con asma y rinitis de nuestra población.
Introduction: Allergic diseases are very common in the pediatric population. Among the frequent causes are aeroallergens from the environment and the identification of these is a great help for diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: To determine the frequency of aeroallergens, through the determination of Immunoglobulin E (IgE) specific to common allergens by the skin sensitivity test in pediatric patients with symptoms of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional design, population of patients from 4 to 17 years old with symptoms compatible with asthma and allergic rhinitis who attended a pediatric care center during the study period. It was carried out by means of Skin Puncture Tests (PCP). Results: The mean age of the patients was 8 years, 57% male patients and 43% female. 53% of the patients presented Rhinitis and Asthma, 45% only Rhinitis and 2% only Asthma. 79% of the patients presented a positive allergic sensitization reaction through PCP. Taking into account the sensitization by type of aeroallergens, 64% of the patients had a positive reaction to mites, 19 % to animals 18% to cockroaches, 8% to pollens and 6% to fungi. Conclusion: The vast majority of patients with asthma suffered from concomitant allergic rhinitis and dust mites were the most frequently determined aeroallergens in allergic skin tests in children with asthma and rhinitis in our population.
Asunto(s)
NiñoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated seasonal variation in sensitization to aeroallergens in a small group of patients with exercise-induced asthma. This study was performed to confirm the relationship in a much larger population. METHODS: The charts of 1,891 patients who received allergy skin prick tests were reviewed retrospectively. The test results from subjects aged < or =60 years were compared between the groups classified according to the season when the patients received the tests (spring: March-May, summer: June-August, fall: September-November, winter: December-February). The data from 25 respiratory allergy patients who received the tests two or more times and showed a positive response at least once were analyzed longitudinally. RESULTS: The most prevalent among 29 tested aeroallergens were house dust mites (HDMs) Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae. The skin sensitization rates to D. pteronyssinus (23.2% vs. 32.1%, P=0.004) and D. farinae (22.2% vs. 30.2%, P=0.009) were significantly lower in the summer and higher in the fall (38.3% vs. 26.6% and 35.6% vs. 25.3%; P=0.001 respectively) than those in other seasons in patients with a respiratory allergy (n=1,102). The sensitization rates to weed pollens in the fall (13.9% vs. 8.3%, P=0.006) and to Aspergillus fumigatus in the winter (2.9% vs. 0.7%, P=0.005) were significantly higher. In patients with non-respiratory allergy such as urticaria/anaphylaxis (n=340), the D. farinae sensitization rate was significantly lower in the summer also but higher in the spring. The trend of the HDM sensitization rate being lower in the summer and higher in the fall was observed in the longitudinal study. CONCLUSIONS: Skin sensitivity to aeroallergens such as HDMs, pollens, and molds demonstrates seasonal variation in respiratory allergy patients. Non-respiratory allergy patients also showed seasonal variation in sensitivity to aeroallergens, which might be related to the "priming" effect of allergens.