Ambiente, saúde e covid-19: da crise global à existência sustentável / Environment, health, and the COVID-19: from global crisis to sustainable existence

Resumo Este ensaio busca analisar os impactos sociossanitários exercidos pelo meio ambiente, incorporando as dinâmicas trazidas pela covid-19 e evidenciando as repercussões da pandemia. O coronavírus atingiu sobretudo países que falharam na prevenção e não estabeleceram medidas de intervenção eficazes e colaborativas. A destruição da natureza se intensificou na pandemia, assim como as ameaças enfrentadas por seus defensores, o que agravou ainda mais a crise. Nesse contexto pode-se destacar os riscos apresentados aos indígenas brasileiros e aos ambientalistas latino-americanos; o surgimento de grupos perigosos; e a implementação de políticas governamentais de efeitos críticos que afetam a preservação ambiental e colocam em risco os modos de vida tradicionais. Assume-se, desse modo, que o planeta enfrenta uma crise sanitária, mas também socioeconômica e ambiental. Para que tal crise heterogênea seja superada, os esforços precisam ser multiformes, envolvendo: cuidados à saúde e aos ecossistemas; diminuição da pobreza global e da desigualdade sanitária; redução de riscos ambientais; proteção dos modos de vida tradicionais; defesa das democracias e dos direitos humanos; fomento de políticas de desenvolvimento sustentável; e cooperação internacional. Tais esforços também incidirão sobre os anos vindouros, minimizando os riscos de novas pandemias e atuando na preservação ambiental.

Abstract This essay analyzes the socio-sanitary impacts exerted by the environment, incorporating the dynamics brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic and unveiling its repercussions. Countries that failed to prevent the virus spread and to established effective and collaborative intervention measures were hit the hardest. Environmental destruction reached new heights in the pandemic, as have the threats faced by its defenders, further aggravating the crisis. In this scenario one can highlight the risks posed to Brazilian Indigenous peoples and Latin American environmentalists; the emergence of dangerous groups; and the implementation of government policies with critical effects on environmental preservation that put traditional ways of life at risk. It is thus recognized that the planet faces not only a health crisis, but also a socioeconomic and environmental one. To overcome such heterogeneous crisis, efforts must be multifaceted, involving: caring for health and ecosystems; eliminating global poverty and sanitary inequality; reducing environmental risks; protecting traditional ways of life; defending democracies and human rights; and fostering sustainable development policies and international cooperation. These efforts will also affect the years to come, minimizing the risks of new pandemics and acting to preserve the environment.

Association between suicidal ideation and exposure to socialecological risk factors among middle school students in Taiyuan City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To understand the current situation of suicidal ideation among middle school students in Taiyuan City and its correlation with exposure to social ecological risk factors, so as to provide a reference basis for exploring the causes of suicidal ideation among middle and high school students and formulating effective preventive measures.@*Methods@#A questionnaire survey was conducted among 2 639 middle school students in urban and rural areas of Taiyuan City by multistage stratified random cluster sampling, including general demography characteristics, social ecological risk factors and suicidal ideation. SPSS 26.0 software was used for Chi squared test and binary Logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of suicidal ideation was 24.7 %. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of suicidal ideation among middle school students in different gender, grade, family residence, maternal education level, perceived family economic conditions, number of close friends, self-perceived academic burden ( χ 2=38.17, 13.44, 10.77, 8.15, 19.76, 18.95, 59.75, P <0.05). After adjusting the general demography characteristics, the binary Logistic regression showed that moderate and high risk in the individual, family and cultural dimension, and high risk in the school dimension of the social ecology were all positively correlated with suicidal ideation among middle school students ( OR=1.38, 2.28, 1.97, 3.28, 1.48, 2.15, 1.71, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#The suicidal ideation among middle school students is related to individuals, families, and schools in the social ecological microsystem, as well as the cultural environment in the macro system. It is necessary to conduct intervention in suicidal ideation at the individual, family, and school levels, meanwhile, strengthening social and cultural construction to reduce the impact of adverse factors on the mental health among adolescents.

Construction of quality evaluation index system of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer patients based on social ecology theory / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To construct a quality evaluation index system of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer patients in order to supply reference for evaluation of rehabilitation quality for lung cancer patients.Methods:This research adopted Delphi technique of non-experimental study. A total of 25 experts were invited to participate 2 rounds of letter enquiry from January to April in 2022. Literature retrieval, group discussion and Delphi method were used to establish the evaluation system of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with lung cancer based on the social ecology theory.Results:The recovery rates of the two rounds of expert correspondence were 84%(21/25) and 100%(21/21), respectively, the expert authority coefficient was 0.824, and the Kendall′s W value was 0.279 and 0.186, respectively, which were statistically significant ( χ2=409.57, 218.23, both P<0.05). The finally formed quality evaluation index system of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer patients based on social ecology theory included 4 first-level indicators, 11 second-level indicators, and 42 third-level indicators. Conclusions:The evaluation system of pulmonary rehabilitation for lung cancer surgery patients constructed in this study has certain scientificity and practicability, and provides a reference for the continuous improvement of the quality of care for lung cancer patients in our country.

Un acercamiento desde la ecología social a la lectura de territorio en la intervención del trabajo social / An approach from social ecology to the reading of territory in social work intervention

Este artículo de reflexión desarrolla la siguiente premisa: realizar lectura de territorio para llevar a cabo procesos de gestión ambiental y planificación territorial, como un resultado de la investigación realizada en el 2018, Prácticas y saberes de intervención del Trabajo Social en el escenario ambiental; desde la experiencia de los departamentos de Antioquia y Caldas. El presente artículo pretende entonces abordar el papel que asume el trabajador social en relación con la intervención en el escenario ambiental, partiendo del reconocimiento y la lectura del territorio, entendido este no solo como un espacio geográfico, sino también como un espacio donde convergen diferentes aristas, tales como los ámbitos sociales y culturales inmersos en la cotidianidad del hombre; con ello se espera generar reflexiones y movilizaciones frente al reconocimiento de derechos e incentivar la participación ciudadana. Teniendo en cuenta este panorama, y pensando desde la ecología social, es indispensable que el ser humano comprenda el vínculo que tiene con la naturaleza, no solo desde el enfoque natural, sino también desde el social y el cultural.

This reflection article develops the following premise: to perform territory reading to carry out processes of environmental management and territorial planning, as a result of the research conducted in 2018, Practices and knowledge of Social Work intervention in the environmental scenario; from the experience of the departments of Antioquia and Caldas. This article aims then to address the role assumed by the social worker in relation to the intervention in the environmental scenario, starting from the recognition and reading of the territory, understood not only as a geographical space, but also as a space where different edges converge, such as the social and cultural spheres immersed in the daily life of man; with this, it is expected to generate reflections and mobilizations in front of the recognition of rights and encourage citizen participation. Considering this panorama, and thinking from the perspective of social ecology, it is essential that human beings understand the link they have with nature, not only from the natural approach, but also from the social and cultural ones.

Amount of Waste used for Different Purposes: A Socio-ecological Impact

Waste is a ceaselessly developing issue at worldwide and territorial just as at neighborhood levels. Due to vigorous globalization and product proliferation in recent years, more waste has been produced by the soaring manufacturing activities. The social ecology of waste recycling implies the structural, functional and managerial intervention of waste generation process. The specific objective of the research was to isolate and identify the system variables characterizing and the management of waste recycling process and to estimate intra and inter level of interaction amongst and between the variables for respective, inductive and interactive contribution. The present study takes a look into the approach, process and impact of ongoing waste management process, followed by the both kalyani and jalpaiguri municipalities. A set of agro-ecological, socio-economic and techno managerial factors have been developed by selecting two sets of operating variables: Independent Variables: Age(x1), Education(x2), Family member(x3), Total cost of energy(x4), Household land(x5), Income(x6), Expenditure of family(x7), Volume of waste generation per household(x8), Water consumption per day(x9), Total bio diversity(x10), Impact of waste management on health(x11), Impact of waste management on agriculture(x12), Impact of waste management on livestock(x13), Impact of waste management on water(x14), Impact of waste management on soil(x15), Impact of waste management on micro flora and fauna(x16), Exposure to media(x17),Training received(x18), Participation on waste recycling programmer (x19), Perception on environmental impact of waste management(x20), Waste management at household level with value addition by percentage (x21a), Waste management at household level with value addition by percentage (x21b). Dependent variables: Volume of waste used for different purposes (y1). The following independent variables have come out with stark contribution on this consequent variable. Result suggested that in terms of variable, behavior and responses there have been stark differences between jalapaiguri and kalyani municipal areas. In kalyani, some few variables like perception of environmental impact on waste management, waste management at household level with value addition by percentage, impact of waste management on agriculture have recorded the distinct contribution on volume of waste used for different purposes and in jalpaiguri total household land, volume of waste generation from household, water consumption per day have gone in the determinant way. So, in kalyani and jalpaiguri municipal areas these variables have maximum influence on the dependent variable. Household wastes mostly are bio degradable in nature. It can be converted to organic manure which has a great nutritional value for plants and if these bio wastes can be converted into organic manure then amount of waste will be reduced. Not only bio waste but we can use non bio degradable wastes for energy production also.

Rooftop Gardening: Estimation of Income from a Score of Socio-Ecological Variables

Aims: To study the relationship of total income was incurred from the rooftop gardening with various socio economic and behavioural aspects and elicit the future opportunity for this innovative method in this global warming situation where the world is facing the increasing crisis of availability of the land resources, support sustainability, contamination of ground water, food accessibility, and economic sustainability. Study Design: The locale was selected by purposive sampling technique and the respondents following rooftop gardening had been interacted and was selected by the snowball sampling method. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out during 2017 and 2018. The place, Janai Road of Srirampur, Khanakul-I and Khanakul-II block of Hooghly district, Budge Budge-II, Bishnupur-I and Bishnupur-II of South 24 Parganas and various areas in Kolkata were selected for the study. Methodology: In this present study 50 respondents following rooftop gardens have been interacted and are selected by the snowball sampling method. A semi-structured schedule has been administered to generate women information regarding family composition, the rationale for opting rooftop gardening, the ecological views on roof gardening, and the cost opportunity analysis. The gathered data had been put into multivariate analysis (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences V20.0 (SPSS) of IBM was used for analyzing the Coefficient of Correlation, Stepwise Regression and Path Analysis). Results: Education (X2), rooftop area (X4), diversity of plants (X6), labour charges (X8), organic manure (X11), fertilizer (X13) variables have been found to exert strong and determining contribution to total income. Respondents revealed that it had provided a certain amount of income in addition to the conventional farming income. Conclusion: The study had revealed that Rooftop gardening is not only eco-friendly horticulture but also a successful enterprise, having all the three critical echelons viz. economy, ecology, and equity as well.

Ambientes escolares saludables / Healthy school environments

Objetivo Determinar las características de los ambientes escolares y su relación con el aprendizaje, el bienestar y la salud de los estudiantes. Método Enfoque de ecología del aula, sustentado en el paradigma cualitativo comprensivo de estudio de casos, desarrollado en seis escuelas públicas de estrato uno y dos. La información se recolectó mediante instrumentos y técnicas etnográficos tales como diarios de campo, filmaciones, registros observacionales y entrevistas. Análisis categorial en ciclos abiertos generales y focalizados. Resultados El enfoque ecología del aula permitió entender la relación entre los ambientes escolares, la salud y el bienestar en los procesos pedagógicos. Es preocupante el riesgo al que están expuestos los estudiantes por la contaminación y el hacinamiento que caracterizan las aulas presenciales, mientras que en las salas de computadores, el ambiente es más saludable. Existe interés y toma de conciencia por parte de las instituciones educativas en cuanto a la necesidad de incorporar estas temáticas en las reformas curriculares y en generar planes de acción que orienten la vida saludable del escolar y sus familias. Las escuelas realizan estrategias curriculares como talleres, charlas y conferencias de especialistas, tesis de grado, prácticas universitarias y el acceso controlado a internet. Se encontraron ideas y proyectos innovadores pero adolecen de presupuestos. Conclusión La comunidad educativa entiende que el concepto de salud forma parte integral del concepto de educación. Así mismo, la ecología del aula ofrece implicaciones determinantes para aprender y convivir en ambientes agradables, saludables incorporados a los proyectos educativos instituciones.(AU)

Objective To determine factors that characterizes school environments and their relationship with student learning, welfare and health. Method This is a case study supported by a comprehensive qualitative paradigm applied to classroom ecology. The fieldwork was carried out in six public schools for students in economic strata one and two that use computers in virtual classrooms. The information was collected through field journals, film recordings, observation, and recordings of interviews. The information was analyzed by categories in open general and focused cycles. Results The virtual era has enriched the debate about the importance of the environment in pedagogical processes. Nonetheless, the emergence of new diseases is a risk which students are exposed to. Pollution and overcrowding factors prevail in traditional classroom activities, while in the computer rooms the environment is healthier. Hence the need to incorporate these issues into the curriculum reforms and action plans to guide healthy living of schoolchildren and their families. Despite budget constraints, innovative ideas and projects were found. Schools have developed free preventive and corrective strategies such as workshops, talks and lectures by invited specialists, trainees, and students writing theses. They have also introduced controlled Internet access. Conclusion The educational community understands that the concept of health is at the heart of a comprehensive concept of education. In addition, classroom ecology has determining implications for learning and living together in pleasant and healthy environments that are incorporated into institutional educational projects.(AU)