RESUMEN
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of ethanolic extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on high fat and high carbohydrate diet induced obesity in male wistar rats. Methodology: 30 male wistar rats used for this study were divided into 5 groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 was fed the normal pellet diet (NPD), Group 2 and 3 were fed with high fat diet (HFD), Group 4 and 5 were with fed high carbohydrate diet (HCD) and all groups had free access to diets and water ad libitum for 18 weeks. Treatment with 500mg/kg b.w ethanolic extract of S. jollyanum for Group 3 and 5 started in the 14th week, that is, at the end of obesity induction and lasted for another four weeks. The extract was suspended in normal saline and administered orally to the rats using a gavage tube. Thereafter, the food intake, body weight, total fat mass, adiposity index, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, insulin and leptin were measured. Results: The results showed that feeding with HFD and HCD significantly increased (p<0.05) body weight, total fat mass, adiposity index, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very density low cholesterol (VDL-C), low density low cholesterol (LDL-C), creatine kinanse (CK) activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, insulin and leptin levels. The ethanolic extract of S. jollyanum significantly decreased total fat mass, adiposity index, TC, TG, VDL-C, LDL-C, CK activity, LDH, glucose and leptin levels in the HFD group. While among the HCD group, S. jollyanum significantly decreased total fat mass, adiposity index and CK activity. Conclusion: The high fat and high carbohydrate diet induced obesity in the wistar rats and the decrease in the lipid profile, heart biomarkers, glucose and leptin by ethanolic extract of S. jollyanum shows that the plant might possess anti-obesity effect.
RESUMEN
Aims: This study is to provide scientific basis for the folkloric use of Sphenocentrum jollyannum roots in the management and/control of Diabetes mellitus. The effects of the extract on blood glucose level and serum lipid profile in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The efficacy was also compared with that of glibenclamide, a known antidiabetic drug. Study Design: Experimental Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria and Department of Chemical Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, between November, 2010 and April, 2012. Methodology: Twenty four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B C and D) of six rats each and used for this research. Diabetes mellitus was induced in groups B, C and D by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer. Group A, the control rats were intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent volume of citrate buffer. Group B diabetic rats were untreated while groups C and D received Methanolic extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (MESJ) (200mg/kg) and glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) once daily for two weeks respectively. Results: The result showed a significant (P < 0.05) fall in blood glucose and serum lipid levels with MESJ and glibenclamide administration. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the raise of lipids in serum and improvement in the lipid levels to an almost normal condition was also observed. Conclusion: Sphenocentrum jollyanum roots possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on diabetic rats lending credence to its use in the traditional management and/or control of Diabetes mellitus.
RESUMEN
Aims: This study is to provide scientific basis for the folkloric use of Sphenocentrum jollyannum roots in the management and/control of Diabetes mellitus. The effects of the extract on blood glucose level and serum lipid profile in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The efficacy was also compared with that of glibenclamide, a known antidiabetic drug. Study Design: Experimental Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria and Department of Chemical Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, between November, 2010 and April, 2012. Methodology: Twenty four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B C and D) of six rats each and used for this research. Diabetes mellitus was induced in groups B, C and D by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer. Group A, the control rats were intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent volume of citrate buffer. Group B diabetic rats were untreated while groups C and D received Methanolic extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (MESJ) (200mg/kg) and glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) once daily for two weeks respectively. Results: The result showed a significant (P < 0.05) fall in blood glucose and serum lipid levels with MESJ and glibenclamide administration. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the raise of lipids in serum and improvement in the lipid levels to an almost normal condition was also observed. Conclusion: Sphenocentrum jollyanum roots possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on diabetic rats lending credence to its use in the traditional management and/or control of Diabetes mellitus.
RESUMEN
Aim: The haematinic activity and subchronic toxicity of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (Menispermaceae) seed oil was evaluated and compared with the control. Materials and Methods: In acute toxicity study the animals tolerated up to 16 g/kg body weight (bw) of the extract in 2 % Tween 80 solution administered orally after 24 hrs fast. Another set of mice (6 per group) fasted for 24 hrs were administered with the extract intra-peritoneal (IP) at different doses (250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg bw) until 100% mortality was achieved. In subchronic toxicity study, 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg bw of the extract in 2 % Tween 80 were administered on the animals for 120 days. Results: In acute toxicity study, the extract was found to be non toxic when it was administered orally for up to 16 g/kg bw within 24 hrs. Subchronic toxicity test showed no mortality after 120 days of oral administration. The animals showed appreciable increase in feeding habit and water intake. Increase in body and vital organs weights occurred while tissue histology showed no abnormal features. The liver function profile showed no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) compared to the control except for the albumin that increased markedly. The extract led to significant increase (p < 0.05) in RBC. The packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin count (Hb) increased with increase in dose. On the other hand, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and white blood cells (WBC), did not vary markedly. Similarly, WBC differentials did not record appreciable difference compared to the control. Conclusion: The result showed that SJ seed oil possessed haematinic and hepato-protective property thereby justifying its therapeutic use in traditional medicine.