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Aim: In this paper, we present a prospective observational study, which determines the incidence of bone metastases and its correlation with hormonal receptors (estrogen receptor [ER]/progesterone receptor [PR]) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: From October of 2015 to July 2017, 262 patients were eligible for the study, of which 98 patients presented/developed bone metastases. ER/PR and HER2 receptor status were determined, and bone scintigraphy with a technetium-99 m was carried out on each patient during the study. Results: The incidence rate of bone metastases as found in this study was 25.25%, and the mean and median age at diagnosis were 47.23 and 46, respectively (age range = 28–80). Bone metastases were more prevalent in ER-positive tumors (P = 0.043), tumors with lymph node positivity (P = 0.002), and lower grade tumors (P = 0.002), whereas visceral metastases were more common with ER-tumors (P = 0.005), tumors with higher grade (P = 0.012), and tumors with lymph node positivity (P = 0.034). In this study cohort, the spine and pelvis were the most commonly involved subsites of bone metastases (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the metastatic patterns in breast cancer strongly correlate with various breast cancer subtypes, mainly designated by ER, PR, and HER2. Hormone receptor-positive tumors show a predilection for bones as the first site of relapse compared to hormone-receptor-negative tumors which have a proclivity to develop as visceral metastases.
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Objective To explore the risk factors related to the development and progression of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS).Methods A total of 71 patients with LDS or degenerative spinal stenosis (DSS) were retrospectively.Thirty-six patients with LDS (group LDS) and 35 patients with DSS (group DSS) were enrolled.Spinopelvic parameters including pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), lumbar lordosis (LL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), regional lumbopelvic lordosis angles (PR-LI, PR-L2, PR-L3, PR-L4, PR-L5), pelvic morphology (PR-S1), lumbar 4 slope (L4 S) and lumbar 5 slope (L5 S) were assessed on whole spine lateral radiographs in a standing position.All the parameters from LDS will compared with those of DSS and normal population respectively, Student's t-test was used to compare each parameter among the LDS, DSS and normal population.Results PI [ (57.67±11.78) °], SS [ (37.83±9.17) °] and LL [ (54.65±11.45) °] in group LDS were significantly greater than those of group DSS [ (44.47±8.75) °, (28.18±9.02) °, (38.97±15.59) °] and normal reference value [ (44.75±9.01) °, (33.57±7.64) °, (48.75±10.03) °] (P＜0.05).L4 S [ (8.18±9.98) °] and L5 S [ (19.96±8.33) °] in group LDS were greater than the group DSS[ (3.32±7.95) °, (10.87±8.02) °] (P＜0.05).The PR-L4 [ (57.63±13.44) °], PR-L5 [ (45.76±10.92) °] and PR-S1 [ (27.91±10.41) °] in group LDS were significantly smaller than those of group DSS [ (65.48±10.70) °, (56.33±9.15) °, (38.63±7.29) °] (P＜0.05).Conclusion Greater PI may lead to the development and progression of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.L5 S is a parameter that can be used to predict the risk of LDS.The lower regional lumbopelvic lordosis angles in LDS were smaller than those of DSS.