Insatisfação com a imagem corporal e baixa aderência ao padrão alimentar ocidental em escolares: um estudo transversal / Body image dissatisfaction and low adherence to the Western dietary standard among schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Este estudo objetivou identificar padrões alimentares e avaliar a associação entre percepção da imagem corporal e esses padrões em escolares. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido em 385 escolares (ambos os sexos, 10-17 anos de idade) de 4 escolas públicas de Salvador, Brasil. Dois recordatórios alimentares de 24h não consecutivos foram aplicados e o padrão alimentar foi determinado por Análise Fatorial Exploratória, após ajuste dos dados dietéticos pelo Multiple Source Method. Para avaliar percepção da imagem corporal, nós usamos uma escala brasileira de silhuetas. Avaliamos as associações entre percepção da imagem corporal e padrões alimentares usando o modelo de regressão logística politômica ajustado para covariáveis. Três padrões alimentares foram obtidos: "padrão ocidental", "padrão saudável" e "comidas típicas/junk food". Após ajuste, adolescentes que desejavam uma silhueta menor (2,48 [IC95%: 1,04-6,11], 3,49 [IC95%: 1,35-9,05] e 2,87 [IC95%: 1,13-7,26]) tinham mais chances de aderir aos quintis de menor consumo do padrão ocidental, comparados àqueles satisfeitos com sua imagem corporal. Nenhuma associação foi identificada nos outros dois padrões alimentares. Adolescentes insatisfeitos com seus corpos tendem a aderir menos a padrões alimentares não saudáveis.

Abstract This study aimed to identify dietary patterns and to evaluate the association between body image perception and these patterns among schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 schoolchildren (both sexes, 10-17 years old) from four public schools in Salvador, Brazil. Two non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were applied, and the dietary pattern was determined by Exploratory Factor Analysis after adjustment of dietary data using the Multiple Source Method. To evaluate body image perception, the Brazilian body shape silhouette was used. The associations between body image perception and dietary patterns using the polytomous logistic regression model adjusted for covariables was assessed. Three dietary patterns were obtained: "Western standard," unhealthy, "healthy pattern" and "typical dishes/ junk food." After adjustment, adolescents who wished for a slimmer silhouette (2.48 [95%CI: 1.04-6.11], 3.49 [95%CI: 1.35-9.05] and 2.87 [95%CI: 1.13-7.26]) were more likely to adhere to the quintiles with the lowest consumption of the Western standard, compared to those satisfied with their body image. No associations were identified in the other two dietary patterns. Adolescents dissatisfied with their bodies tend to adhere less to unhealthy dietary patterns.

Retrospective analysis and comparison of total internal disability preservation technique and standardized reconstruction technique / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the efficacy and clinical results of total internal protection technique in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.@*METHODS@#A total of 56 patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction treated from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected. According to the different surgical methods, they were divided into total internal reconstruction group and standard bone tunnel group. There were 21 patients in the total internal reconstruction group, including 15 males and 6 females, aged from 20 to 48 with an average of (35.6±6.7) years old, and 35 patients in the standard tibial tunnel group, including 26 males and 9 females, aged 22 to 51 years old with an average of (33.7±9.6) years old. Preoperative examination of Lachman test was positive, magnetic resonance indicated anterior cruciate ligament rupture. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, sex, body mass index, time from injury to ACL reconstruction, combined meniscus injury and operation method, operation time, ligament diameter, ligament length and other general information. Postoperative evaluation included operation duration, length and diameter of transplanted tendon after braid. International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Lysholm score, Tegner score and perioperative complications 2 years after surgery.@*RESULTS@#Both groups were followed up, ranging from 24 to 30 months with an average of (26.9±3.4) months. Postoperative incision healing was good, and no failure or joint infection occurred at the last follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in IKDC score, Lysholm score and Tegner score before, 1 year and 2 years after surgery. However, IKDC score, Lysholm score and Tegner score at 1 year and 2 years after surgery.@*CONCLUSION@#The same postoperative function and stability of knee joint can be obtained by both the residual whole technique and the standardized reconstruction technique. In the residual whole group, only the semitendinosus muscle is taken, and the femoral thin muscle is retained, with greater tibial bone mass preserved, which is safe and effective in clinical practice.

Interpretation and reflection on the Measures for the Administration of Standards for Medicinal Products / 中国药房

In July 2023， the National Medical Products Administration issued the Measures for the Administration of Standards for Medicinal Products （hereinafter referred to as the Measures）. This article interprets the main content of the Measures， and analyzes its shortcomings as unclear definition of the drug standard code and the goals of drug standard information construction. It is recommended that the national drug regulatory department promptly apply to the standardization authority for the confirmation of the drug standard code “YB” letter， and the drug standard code and numbering rules would be included in the next round of amendments to the Measures. It is necessary to clarify the construction goals of the information system for drug standards at the same time， and build a national drug standard data-sharing platform based on the basic framework of user interface layer， computing processing layer， and data storage layer. Digital drug standards will be free， and access and download services for the public will be provided.

Preparation of the first national reference standard for determination of HEK293 cell DNA content / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To prepare a national reference standard for the quantification of HEK293 cell DNA content,so as to provide a support for the determination of residual DNA in HEK293 cells in the industry.Methods HEK293 cell DNA prepared using Genomic-tip 500/G and genomic DNA purification reagents was used as source materials,and the purity and content were assessed using ultraviolet spectrophotometry and agarose gel electrophoresis.After dilution to approximately 100 ng/μL,the DNA was aliquoted at 160 μL/tube.Five different laboratories were organized for collaborative calibration by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the stability and applicability were evaluated.Results The HEK293 cell DNA national reference standard exhibited A_(260)/A_(280) ratios between 1.8 and 2.0 and displayed a single band on electrophoresis,meeting the specified criteria.Collaborative calibration across five laboratories yielded 78 valid data points with an average content of 104.8 ng/μL,a relative standard deviation(RSD) of 4.2%.The 95% confidence interval for the mean was 103.8—105.8 ng/μL,and the 95% reference range for single measurements was 96.0—113.6 ng/μL.The average confidence limit rate was 1.0%,and the recommended storage condition was-80 ℃.Applicability studies were conducted using two different models of fluorescence quantitative PCR instruments.The reference standard exhibited good applicability within the range of 0.3—3 000 pg/reaction,with amplification efficiencies of 101% and 95%,and R~2 values of 0.999 2 and 0.999 5 for the standard curves,respectively.Conclusion This batch of HEK293 cell DNA national reference standard meets all required specifications and can be utilized as a national reference standard for fluorescence quantitative PCR detection,with a certified content of 104.8 ng/μL,assigned batch number 270039-202301.

Improvement on Quality Standard of Yuanhu Zhitong Oral Liquid / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo improve the quality standard of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid in order to strengthen the quality control of this oral liquid. MethodThin layer chromatography（TLC） was used for the qualitative identification of Corydalis Rhizoma and Angelicae Dahuricae Radix in Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid by taking tetrahydropalmatine， corydaline reference substances and Corydalis Rhizoma reference medicinal materials as reference， and cyclohexane-trichloromethane-methanol（5∶3∶0.5） as developing solvent， Corydalis Rhizoma was identified using GF254 glass thin layer plate under ultraviolet light（365 nm）. And taking petroleum ether（60-90 ℃） -ether-formic acid（10∶10∶1） as developing solvent， Angelicae Dahuricae Radix was identified using a silica gel G TLC plate under ultraviolet light（305 nm）. High performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） was performed on a Waters XSelect HSS T3 column（4.6 mm×250 mm， 5 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% glacial acetic acid solution（adjusted pH to 6.1 by triethylamine）（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-10 min， 20%-30%A； 10-25 min， 30%-40%A； 25-40 min， 40%-50%A； 40-60 min， 50%-60%A）， the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm， then the fingerprint of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid was established， and the contents of tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline were determined. ResultIn the thin layer chromatograms， the corresponding spots of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid， the reference substances and reference medicinal materials were clear， with good separation and strong specificity. A total of 12 common peaks were identified in 10 batches of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid samples， and the peaks of berberine hydrochloride， dehydrocorydaline， glaucine， tetrahydropalmatine and corydaline. The similarities between the 10 batches of samples and the control fingerprint were all >0.90. The results of determination showed that the concentrations of corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine had good linearity with paek area in the range of 0.038 6-0.193 0， 0.034 0-0.170 0 g·L-1， respectively. The methodological investigation was qualified， and the contents of corydaline and tetrahydropalmatine in 10 batches of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid samples were 0.077 5-0.142 9、0.126 1-0.178 2 g·L-1， respectively. ConclusionThe established TLC， fingerprint and determination are simple， specific and reproducible， which can be used to improve the quality control standard of Yuanhu Zhitong oral liquid.

Analysis on Determination and Quantity Transfer of Standard Decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma by Fresh and Traditional Cutting / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the quantity-quality transfer of standard decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（GRR） decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting， and to provide reference for quality control and application development of the decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting. MethodTen batches of representative GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting and their standard decoctions were prepared by standard process， and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint of the standard decoction was established and performed on an Agilent EC-C18 column（4.6 mm×150 mm， 2.7 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-23 min， 18%-21%A； 23-35 min， 21%-28%A； 35-80 min， 28%-32%A）， and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. Then similarity evaluation， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） of fingerprint of the standard decoction were performed to screen the differential components with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the screened known differential components， and combined with the indicators of the dry extract rate and the transfer rate， to explore the differences in the quantity-quality transfer between the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting. ResultThe fingerprint similarity of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting was more than 0.950， and 18 common peaks were identified， including 9 identified common peaks. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were some differences in the contents of index components between the two standard decoctions. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re and Ro in GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rb1， Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were lower than those in traditional decoction pieces. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re， Rb1 and Ro in the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were comparable between the two standard decoctions. Compared with the standard decoction of the traditional decoction pieces， the average transfer rates of ginsenoside Rg1， Rb1， Rc， Rb2 and dry extract rate of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the average transfer rate of ginsenoside Re and Rd also increased， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionThe dry extract rate， content and transfer rate of index components of standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting are better than those of the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， which can provides data support for the subsequent clinical application of fresh cutting products.

Analysis on Determination and Quantity Transfer of Standard Decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma by Fresh and Traditional Cutting / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo analyze the quantity-quality transfer of standard decoction of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma（GRR） decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting， and to provide reference for quality control and application development of the decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting. MethodTen batches of representative GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting and their standard decoctions were prepared by standard process， and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） fingerprint of the standard decoction was established and performed on an Agilent EC-C18 column（4.6 mm×150 mm， 2.7 μm） with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution（B） as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-23 min， 18%-21%A； 23-35 min， 21%-28%A； 35-80 min， 28%-32%A）， and the detection wavelength was 203 nm. Then similarity evaluation， principal component analysis（PCA） and partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） of fingerprint of the standard decoction were performed to screen the differential components with variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1. Quantitative analysis was carried out on the screened known differential components， and combined with the indicators of the dry extract rate and the transfer rate， to explore the differences in the quantity-quality transfer between the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting. ResultThe fingerprint similarity of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh and traditional cutting was more than 0.950， and 18 common peaks were identified， including 9 identified common peaks. The results of PCA and PLS-DA showed that there were some differences in the contents of index components between the two standard decoctions. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re and Ro in GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rb1， Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were lower than those in traditional decoction pieces. The contents of ginsenoside Rg1， Re， Rb1 and Ro in the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were higher than those in the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， while the contents of ginsenoside Rc ， Rb2 and Rd were comparable between the two standard decoctions. Compared with the standard decoction of the traditional decoction pieces， the average transfer rates of ginsenoside Rg1， Rb1， Rc， Rb2 and dry extract rate of the standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the average transfer rate of ginsenoside Re and Rd also increased， but the difference was not statistically significant. ConclusionThe dry extract rate， content and transfer rate of index components of standard decoction of GRR decoction pieces produced by fresh cutting are better than those of the standard decoction of traditional decoction pieces， which can provides data support for the subsequent clinical application of fresh cutting products.

Discussion on the legal attributes of provincial Chinese herbal pieces processing norms / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for the definition of the legal attributes of the provincial Chinese herbal pieces processing norms and the improvement of legal expression for the drug standards in Drug Administration Law. METHODS Based on the legal evolution of local drug standards in China， the composition of national drug standards for Chinese herbal pieces and the composition of current provincial Chinese herbal pieces processing norms were analyzed； at the same time， based on the method of legal interpretation， the legal connotation of the provincial Chinese herbal medicine processing norms in Drug Administration Law was investigated. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS In the practice of drug supervision， the provincial Chinese herbal pieces processing norms are essentially local drug standards. The newly revised Drug Administration Law defines the drug standards specifically， but does not stipulate the legal attribute of drug standards for the provincial Chinese herbal pieces processing norms， and there are certain legislative technical defects. It is suggested that when amending the Drug Administration Law， the legal attributes of the drug standards of the provincial Chinese herbal medicine processing norms should be clarified.

Standard Value of Three-dimensional Joint Kinematics during Gait in Healthy People Collected Using an Inertial Sensor-based Motion Capture System / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：An inertial sensor-based motion capture system for rehabilitation therapy is feasible due to its simple measurement methods. However, a standard value must be used to evaluate or diagnose pathological gait kinematically. This study aimed to set a standard value by determining the averaged spatial-temporal parameter (STP) and range of motion (ROM) during gait in healthy participants.Methods：This study included 177 healthy individuals, who were grouped into six groups according to gender (male and female) and age (young, middle, and old). All participants walked under two speed conditions (NORMAL or FAST) and the gait was captured with an inertial sensor-based motion capture system. Eight types of STP and fourteen types of ROM were calculated.Results：Of the 132 variables (22 variables × 2 sexes × 3 ages), 123 variables for NORMAL and 112 variables for FAST followed the normal distribution. A main effect of age on walking velocity for FAST was noted but not for NORMAL. The middle and old ages depended on an increased cadence for maintaining walking velocity. Ankle and hip ROMs in the old were smaller than that in the young, and these differences were demonstrated more so during the FAST condition. There were gender differences in hip ROMs (men had greater internal-external rotation and women had greater flexion-extension).Conclusion：The standard value can be determined from variables in gait assessment, for young to elderly, and gender-specific.

Optimization of Decoction Technology and Establishment of Quality Standard for Moringa oleifera Leaf Standard Decoction / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on response surface methodology combined with principal component analysis（PCA）， the optimal decocting process of Moringa oleifera leaf standard decoction was optimized， and its multi-index quality evaluation system was established， in order to provide scientific basis for the quality control of this standard decoction. MethodResponse surface methodology and PCA were used to optimize the decoction process by taking the relative peak areas of 8 characteristic peaks and dry extract yield as indexes. Based on this， the quality of 15 batches of the standard decoction was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC） characteristic chromatogram， determination of major components（neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin， astragalin）， determination of active parts（total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine）， dry extract yield， specific gravity and pH. ResultThe optimal decocting process was to soak M. oleifera leaves（100.00 g） for 30 min and decoct twice with the first decoction of 12 times the amount of water for 30 min and the second decoction of 10 times the amount of water for 20 min. Standard decoction containing 0.2 g·mL-1 of crude drug was defined by x¯±30%， the specific gravity was 0.722-1.340， pH was 3.86-7.16， dry extract yield was 23.1%-42.9%， and the alcohol-soluble extract content was 8.26%-15.34%. Calculated according to the dried products of the standard decoction， the contents of neochlorogenic acid， L-tryptophan， cryptochlorogenic acid， vicenin-2， isoquercetin and astragalin were 1.99-3.69， 1.20-2.22， 1.44-2.67， 0.53-0.99， 2.45-4.55， 1.22-2.26 mg·g-1， the relative transfer rates relative to the herbs were 34.37%-63.83%， 62.43%-115.94%， 64.65%-120.06%， 56.98%-105.82%， 37.46%-69.57%， 41.81%-77.64%， respectively. The contents of total flavonoids， total organic acids， total polysaccharides， total α-amino acids， total sinapine were 10.19-18.92， 11.82-21.96， 94.07-174.71， 42.69-79.27， 9.55-17.73 mg·g-1， the relative transfer rates for herbs were 25.72%-47.77%， 41.78%-77.59%， 64.90%-120.54%， 42.30%-78.57%， 34.99%-64.99%， respectively. ConclusionThe optimized decocting technology of M. oleifera leaf standard decoction is stable and feasible， and the established multi-indicator quality evaluation system can lay the foundation for the quality control of this standard decoction.

Microbial contamination status of swimming places for infants and young children in Shijia-zhuang City and comparison with other public places, 2021–2022 / 环境与职业医学

Background At present, China's Public places health management regulations list 7 categories and 28 sub-categories of public places, but infant and young child swimming places are not in the list yet. Objective To understand the microbial pollution status in commercial infant and young child swimming places in Shijiazhuang City, compare with the microbial pollution in other five types of public places, and find the potential safety hazards in infant and young child swimming places. Methods A total of 3438 microbial samples were collected from the environment of infant and young child swimming places and 5 types of public places (hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets, and conventional swimming places) in Shijiazhuang City from 2021 to 2022. Sampling and monitoring were carried out according to the requirements of Examination methods for public places—Part 6: Technical specifications of health monitoring (GB/T 18204.6-2013). Chi-square test was used to compare hygiene qualification by microbial indicators, and Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare overall distributions of total bacterial counts on the surface of public articles. Results From 2021 to 2022, the highest qualified rate of microbial indicators on the surface of public articles was Staphylococcus aureus (100%) for all tested public places in Shijiazhuang City, followed by coliforms (99.44%), and that of total bacterial count was relative low (92.83%). The qualified rate of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 87.76%, and the qualified rates in hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, shopping malls and supermarkets were all above 92%, and the difference among the 5 types of places was statistically significant (P<0.001). The highest value of total bacterial count on the surface of public articles in the swimming places for infants and young children was 80000 CFU·(25 cm2)−1 [100 CFU·(25 cm2)−1=4 CFU·cm−2]; that in 4 types of public places such as hotels (except mouthwash cups), barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets was 2500 CFU·(25 cm2)−1. The difference of total bacteria count on the surface of public articles was statistically significant in comparing infant and young child swimming places with hotels (except mouthwash cups) or barber stores (H=5.432, H=2.997, both Ps<0.05); but the difference was not significant in comparing with waiting rooms and shopping malls or supermarkets (P>0.05). The qualified rates of total bacteria count and coliforms in pool water of infant and young child swimming places were 45.99% and 74.69% respectively, and the two indicators in pool water of conventional swimming places were 94.57% and 98.91% respectively; both showed significant differences between the two types of public places (χ2=162.532, χ2=71.910, both Ps<0.001). Conclusion Compared to conventional swimming places, hotels, barber stores, waiting rooms, and shopping malls or supermarkets, the infant and young child swimming places are not optimistic in hygiene condition; therefore, there is an urgent need to formulate national health standards for infants and young child swimming places, and include them in standard management to further improve their hygiene condition.

HL7 un estándar de interoperabilidad en salud: Revisión sistemática de la literatura

Introducción: Las aplicaciones informáticas en la práctica médica han permitido el desarrollo de novedosas formas de comunicación en la atención del Sistema de Salud. La estandarización representa un elemento necesario para la sostenibilidad y escalabilidad del software desarrollado. En sistemas para la salud existen diversas aplicaciones del estándar HL7. Objetivo: Realizar una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL) sobre el estándar de interoperabilidad HL7. Materiales y métodos: Para la definición y ejecución del presente estudio se empleó la propuesta metodológica establecida por Petersen la cual plantea cinco pasos secuenciales: definición de las preguntas de investigación; definición de los criterios de búsqueda; definición de los criterios de selección de estudios primarios; determinación del esquema de clasificación; y extracción de datos y mapeo de estudios. Resultados: Se obtuvieron como resultado preliminar 428 569 entradas posibles. Aplicando el primer filtro de inclusión y exclusión sobre el título, resumen y palabras clave, quedaron 864 documentos, de los cuales solo 276 cumplieron con haber sido publicados en el período que se analiza (2017-2022). De ellos sólo 72 permitían acceso completo a la documentación y al ser analizados se descartan 51 por no ofrecer información acorde al tema de investigación. Resultaron un total de 21 artículos para un análisis a mayor profundidad. Conclusiones: A partir de la revisión sistemática se pudo constatar que en la optimización de los procesos comunicativos es preciso el uso de estándares que armonicen el intercambio de información y provean un lenguaje común para todos los agentes involucrados.

Introduction: Computer applications in medical practice have allowed the development of novel forms of communication in the Health Care System. Standardization represents a necessary element for the sustainability and scalability of the developed software. In health systems there are various applications of the HL7 standard. Objective: To perform a Systematic Review of Literature (RSL) on the HL7 interoperability standard. Methods: The methodological proposal established by Petersen, which proposes five sequential steps such as: definition of research questions, definition of search criteria, definition of the selection criteria of primary studies, determination of the classification scheme, and data extraction and mapping study, was used for the definition and implementation of this study. Results: A total of 428,569 possible entries were obtained as a preliminary result. Applying the first inclusion and exclusion filter on the title, abstract and keywords, 864 documents remained, of which only 276 complied with having been published in the period under analysis (2017-2022). Only 72 of them allowed full access to the documentation and when analyzed, 51 were excluded for not offering information according to the research topic. A total of 21 articles were selected for further analysis. Conclusions: Based on the systematic review, it was possible to verify that in the optimization of communication processes, standards must be used to harmonize the exchange of information and provide a common language for all the agents involved.

ESTIMATION OF HETEROSIS FOR YIELD AND YIELD RELATED COMPONENTS USING DIVERSE TESTERS IN PEARL MILLET [PENNISETUM GLAUCUM (L.) R. BR.]

Experiment comprised of twenty six female type parents and seven restorer parents of pearl millet and their 182 hybrids was conducted at two locations viz., ICRISAT, Patancheru (Latitude 17.52° N; Longitude 78.26° E and Altitude 522 m) and research farm of Super seeds Pvt Ltd., Hisar (Latitude 29.15° N; Longitude 75.72° E and Altitude 215 m) during rainy 2018, for studying the extent of hybrid vigour in F1 for grain yield and its components. For days to 50% owering, top cross hybrid MBL-5 X MOPT-31 (-13.37**) showed highest signicant and positive heterosis over check 86M86. The top cross hybrid MBL-17 X MOPT-33 (45.21**) highest, signicant standard heterosis in positive direction over check 86M86 for panicle length (cm). The single cross hybrid MBL-3 X MIT-29 (14.12*) exhibited signicant and positive standard heterosis over 86M86 for panicle girth (cm). for productive tillers, single cross hybrid MBL-8 X MIT-28 (98.34**) showed highest signicant positive standard heterosis over check 86M86 and the single cross hybrid MBL-24 X MIT-28 (18.42) showed positive standard heterosis over check 86M86

¿Qué es el test de latencia múltiple de sueño y cuál es su uso en pediatría? / What is the multiple sleep latency test and what is its use in pediatrics?

La prueba de latencia múltiple del sueño nos permite evaluar objetivamente las variaciones normales y patológicas en la somnolencia y el estado de alerta. Es una prueba que evalúa qué tan rápido una persona se duerme en condiciones estandarizadas que facilitan el sueño, y se repite a intervalos de 2 horas durante todo el día. Es el estándar para documentar el inicio del sueño REM (SOREMP), que es un síntoma de narcolepsia y en la somnolencia idiopática podría ser útil. Su uso está ampliamente descrito en adultos, pero la prueba no es tan común en niños. En esta revisión, se analizan los valores en adultos y niños, y su utilidad, a partir de la historia de la prueba.

The multiple sleep latency test allows us to objectively assess normal and pathological variations in sleepiness and alertness. It is a test that assesses how quickly a person falls asleep under standardized conditions that facilitate sleep and is repeated at 2-h intervals throughout the day. is the standard for documenting sleep onset REM (SOREMP), which is a symptom of Narcolepsy and idiopathic sleepiness could be useful. Its use is widely described in adults, but the test is not so common in children. In this review, we analyze the values in adults and children, and their usefulness, based on from the history of the test.

Estimación de brechas de geriatras en Chile / Estimation of geriatrician gaps in Chile

Antecedentes: el envejecimiento de la población chilena y la transición epidemiológica que atraviesa el país, ha incrementado la necesidad de formar, entre otros especialistas, a médicos geriatras. Objetivo: estimar la brecha de geriatras en Chile de acuerdo con necesidades epidemiológicas de la población de 65 años y más. Método: se realizó una estimación de brecha de horas de geriatra para la red de salud, a partir de una consulta a 57 geriatras de laboralmente activos de un total de 156 geriatras registrados a enero del 2021. En dicha consulta se indagó sobre tiempo de duración de consulta y frecuencia de consultas ideales de acuerdo con la capacidad funcional de las personas mayores a nivel nacional y por región obtenida de la encuesta Casen 2017. Resultados: a febrero del 2022 existe un total de 162 geriatras en Chile, cifra que equivale a un geriatra por cada 15.806 personas de 65 años y más. De acuerdo con la estimación realizada, se requeriría en Chile, un total de 1.244.689 horas de geriatra anual, equivalentes a la existencia de 589 geriatras a nivel nacional. Conclusión: según los resultados del estudio, a nivel nacional se necesitarían de un total de 589 geriatras para cubrir las necesidades de atención de las personas mayores con algún nivel de dependencia. De acuerdo con estas cifras, al primer trimestre del 2022 el país presentaría una brecha de 427 geriatras. Ante lo elevada de esta brecha, se cree necesario avanzar en estrategias de formación general en geriatría y gerontología en los equipos de salud y socio-sanitarios.

Background:The ageing between the Chilean population and the epidemiological transition that the country is going through has increased the need to train, among other specialists, geriatric doctors.Objective: To estimate the gap between geriatricians in Chile according to the epidemiological needs of the population aged 65 years and over. Method:An estimate of the gap in geriatrician hours was made for the health network based on a consultation of 57 active geriatricians out of 156 registered as of January 2021. In this consultation, the duration and frequency of ideal consultations were inquired according to the functional capacity of the elderly at the national level and by region obtained from the Casen 2017 survey.Results: as of February 2022, there are 162 geriatricians in Chile, equivalent to one geriatrician for every 15,806 people aged 65 years and over. According to the estimate, a total of 1,244,689 hours of annual geriatrician would be required in Chile, equivalent to 589 geriatricians nationwide. Conclusion:According to the study's results, at the national level, a total of 589 geriatricians would be needed to cover the care needs of older people with some level of dependen-ce. According to these figures, in the first quarter of 2022, the country would present a gap of 427 geriatricians. Given the highness of this gap, it is believed necessary to advance general training strategies in geriatrics and gerontology in health and socio-health teams

Update of the Brazilian consensus recommendations on Duchenne muscular dystrophy / Atualização das recomendações do consenso brasileiro para distrofia muscular de Duchenne

Abstract In the last few decades, there have been considerable improvements in the diagnosis and care of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most common childhood muscular dystrophy. International guidelines have been published and recently reviewed. A group of Brazilian experts has developed a standard of care based on a literature review with evidence-based graded recommendations in a two-part publication. Implementing best practice management has helped change the natural history of this chronic progressive disorder, in which the life expectancy for children of the male sex in the past used to be very limited. Since the previous publication, diagnosis, steroid treatment, rehabilitation, and systemic care have gained more significant insights with new original work in certain fields. Furthermore, the development of new drugs is ongoing, and some interventions have been approved for use in certain countries. Therefore, we have identified the need to review the previous care recommendations for Brazilian patients with DMD. Our objective was to create an evidence-based document that is an update on our previous consensus on those topics.

Resumo Nas últimas décadas, houve progressos significativos no diagnóstico e no tratamento da distrofia muscular de Duchenne (DMD), considerada a distrofia muscular mais comum na infância. Diretrizes internacionais foram publicadas e revisadas recentemente. Um grupo de especialistas brasileiros desenvolveu um padrão de atendimento baseado em revisão de literatura, com recomendações graduadas pautadas em evidências compiladas em uma publicação dividida em duas partes. A implementação de melhores práticas de manejo ajudou a modificar a história natural desta doença crônica, progressiva, que, no passado, oferecia uma expectativa de vida muito limitada para crianças do sexo masculino. Desde a publicação desse consenso anterior, o diagnóstico, o tratamento com esteroides, a reabilitação e os cuidados sistêmicos ganharam novas possibilidades a partir da divulgação dos resultados de trabalhos originais em algumas dessas áreas. Além disso, as pesquisas e o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos estão em andamento, e algumas intervenções já foram aprovadas para uso em determinados países. Nesse contexto, identificamos a necessidade de rever as recomendações anteriores sobre o manejo dos pacientes brasileiros com DMD. Nosso objetivo principal foi elaborar uma atualização baseada em evidências sobre esses tópicos do consenso.

PHARMACOVIGILANCE IN INDIA: PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

Its start a decade ago, pharmacovigilance (PV) experienced tremendous development. There have been significant attempts in recent years to transform the current pharmacovigilance systems to meet future expectations. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are increasing in frequency, severity, and complexity as novel medication therapies are coming to market more quickly as a result of better laws and regulations. India is the second most popular nation in the world, with around 1 billion active and prospective consumers of pharmaceuticals. Despite being a member of the Uppsala Monitoring Centre, our nation has almost little commitment to the database. This problem is brought on by the inadequate ADR (adverse drug reaction) monitoring system and lack of knowledge among pharmacy associates and medical professionals. The primary objectives of the PV program are patient care, patient safety, and monitoring of negative medication reactions. There is a need for additional clinical preliminary exams and clinical assessments in India to accurately practice PV. A fully functional PV system is essential for the safe and responsible administration of medicines. This review gives a systematic review of pharmacovigilance in India from its origin to its current scenario and also discusses the various strategies and proposals to build, maintain and implement a robust pharmacovigilance system for India in coming years.

Tipologias de cuidados às pessoas com transtorno de saúde mental na perspectiva dos familiares

Objetivo:Identificar os tipos de cuidados cotidianos às pessoas com transtorno de saúde mental na perspectiva dos familiares. Método:Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo de abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando-se da entrevista semiestruturada com quinze familiares de pessoas com transtorno de saúde mental acompanhadas num serviço especializado de saúde mental numa cidade no Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram organizados e analisados segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática e discutidos com base na literatura. Resultados:O perfil dos familiares entrevistados caracterizou-se pela maioria do gênero feminino, raça negra, residentes no mesmo domicílio que a pessoa com transtorno de saúde mental, sendo a mãe a principal cuidadora e com apoio dos demais familiares nos cuidados. Foram identificados como principais tipos de cuidados: 1) cuidado de vigilância; 2) cuidado parental; 3) cuidado superprotetor; 4) cuidado permissivo. Conclusão:A família cuida da pessoa com transtorno de saúde mental de acordo com suas possibilidades, entretanto alguns fatores como a falta de conhecimento, os estigmas e os preconceitos podem interferir negativamente na reabilitação psicossocial e autonomia dessa pessoa. É importante que a equipe de saúde forneça orientações e suporte aos familiares de modo a promover um cuidado integral.

Objetivo:Identificar los tipos de cuidados cotidianos de las personas con trastorno de salud mental desde la perspectiva de los familiares. Método:Se trata de un estudio exploratorio y descriptivo con enfoque cualitativo. La recopilación de datos se realizó mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con quince familiares de personas con trastorno de salud mental que son acompañadas en un servicio especializado en salud mental en una ciudad del Nordeste de Brasil. Los datos se organizaron y analizaron según la técnica de análisis de contenido temático y se discutieron con base en la literatura. Resultados:El perfil de los familiares entrevistados se caracterizó por ser mayoritariamente del género femenino, de raza negra, y por vivir en el mismo domicilio que la persona con trastorno de salud mental, siendo la madre la cuidadora principal, con apoyo de otros familiares en el cuidado. Los principales tipos de cuidado identificados fueron: 1) cuidado vigilante; 2) cuidado parental; 3) cuidado sobreprotector; 4) cuidado permisivo. Conclusión:La familia cuida a la persona con trastorno de salud mental de acuerdo a sus posibilidades, sin embargo, algunos factores como la falta de conocimiento, estigmas y prejuicios pueden interferir negativamente en la rehabilitación psicosocial y autonomía de esa persona. Es importante que el equipo de salud brinde orientación y apoyo a los familiares para promover una atención integral.

Objective:To identify the types of daily care for people with mental health disorder from the perspective of family members. Method:This is an exploratory and descriptive study with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured interviews with fifteen family members of people with mental health disorder followed up in a specialized mental health service in a city in the Northeast of Brazil. The data was organized and analyzed according to the thematic content analysis technique and discussed based on the literature. Results:The profile of the family members interviewed was characterized by a majority of female gender, black race, residing in the same household as the person with mental health disorder, with the mother being the main caregiver and with support from the other family members in the care. The main types of care were identified as: 1) vigilant care; 2) parental care; 3) overprotective care; 4) permissive care. Conclusion:The family cares for the person with mental health disorders according to their possibilities, however, some factors such as lack of knowledge, stigmas and prejudices can negatively interfere in the psychosocial rehabilitation and autonomy of the person. It is important that the health team provides guidance and support for family members, in order to promote integral care.

Os desafios de pessoas com transtorno do espectro autista na vida adulta: uma revisão integrativa / The challenges of people with autistic spectrum disorder in adulthood: an integrative review / Los retos a los que se enfrentan las personas con trastorno del espectro autista en la edad adulta: una revisión integradora

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os principais desafios enfrentados por pessoas com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) na vida adulta. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa abrangendo artigos publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2022, disponíveis nas bases de dados: Scopus, PubMed e a Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Após a seleção e a organização dos estudos, o corpus foi constituído por oito artigos que abordavam esses desafios de pessoas adultas com TEA e suas experiências no âmbito da saúde, polifarmácia, socialização e a correlação com outros transtornos psiquiátricos. Os estudos contribuíram para um entendimento sobre as problemáticas enfrentadas pelo grupo, somado às suas necessidades e percepções, apontando a carência de apoio na transição para a vida adulta, a escassez de qualificação profissional na assistência a pessoas com TEA e a ausência de adaptações do ambiente para com os indivíduos, coadjuvando com o aumento de transtornos mentais e isolamento social.

This study aimed to identify the main challenges faced by people with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in adulthood. This is an integrative review covering articles published between the years 2017 and 2022, available in the databases: Scopus, PubMed and the Virtual Health Library. After the selection and organization of the studies, the corpus consisted of eight articles that addressed these challenges of adult people with ASD and their experiences in the realm of health, polypharmacy, socialization, and the correlation with other psychiatric disorders. The studies contributed to an understanding of the problems faced by the group, in addition to their needs and perceptions, pointing out the lack of support in the transition to adulthood, the lack of professional qualification in assisting people with ASD, and the lack of adaptations of the environment for individuals, contributing to the increase of mental disorders and social isolation.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar los principales desafíos que enfrentan las personas con trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) en la edad adulta. Se trata de una revisión integradora que abarca artículos publicados entre los años 2017 y 2022, disponibles en las bases de datos: Scopus, PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. Tras la selección y organización de los estudios, el corpus quedó compuesto por ocho artículos que abordaron estos retos de las personas adultas con TEA y sus experiencias en el contexto de la salud, la polifarmacia, la socialización y la correlación con otros trastornos psiquiátricos. Los estudios contribuyeron para la comprensión de los problemas enfrentados por el grupo, sumados a sus necesidades y percepciones, señalando la falta de apoyo en la transición para la edad adulta, la falta de cualificación profesional en la asistencia a las personas con TEA y la falta de adaptaciones del ambiente para los individuos, contribuyendo para el aumento de los trastornos mentales y del aislamiento social.

A comparison of absolute, ratio standard and allometric approaches for bench press performance assessment in men over 60 / Comparação das abordagens absoluta, razão padrão e alométrica para a performance no supino em homens acima de 60 anos

ABSTRACT Body mass is known to affect muscle strength and the outcome of some functional tests, so that heavier and taller people will be stronger than lighter and smaller ones. Ratio standard (RS) has been widely used to remove the body mass effect, despite long date criticism due to its inadequacy. Allometry (ALLO), in turn, has been applied as an efficient method for normalizing muscular strength. As the bench press (BP) is a well-recognized strength and conditioning exercise for older adults, the aim of the present study was to verify the influence of body mass on the performance assessment of a group of older men in the BP, by comparing the absolute, RS and ALLO approaches. Sixteen healthy old men (65.5±5.13 years old; 75.42±9.78Kg; 1.73±5.98m; 25.11±2.71 kg/m2; 24.76±4.10 %fat) volunteered to participate in the study. Maximum dynamic load was verified by individual one-repetition maximum (1-RM) tests. Comparisons of means revealed that significant 1-RM difference between lighter (54.9±8.85Kg) and heavier (66.2±8.86Kg) participants was identified only in absolute approach (p<0.05; ES=0.57). RS failed in completely remove the body mass effect, allowing correlation between normalized muscular strength and BM (r=0.23), in contraire of ALLO (r=0.03 and 0.06). Kendall's concordance coefficient revealed an absolute lack of agreement between approaches when compared their respective ordinal classifications (kw=0.003; p>0.05). In line with previous research, ALLO has shown to be the only suitable method to remove adequately the body mass effect and to provide appropriated performance scores for the older men evaluated in this study.

RESUMO Sabe-se que a massa corporal afeta a força muscular e o resultado de alguns testes funcionais, de modo que pessoas mais pesadas e altas serão mais fortes que as mais leves e menores. A razão-padrão (RP) tem sido largamente utilizada para remover o efeito da massa corporal, apesar de críticas conhecidas há muito tempo devido sua inadequação. Alometria (ALO), do contrário, tem sido aplicada como um método eficiente para normalizar a força muscular. Como o supino é um exercício de força e condicionamento bem reconhecido para idosos, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência da massa corporal sobre a avaliação do desempenho de um grupo de idosos no supino, comparando as abordagens absoluta (AB), RP e ALO. Dezesseis idosos saudáveis (65,5±5,13 anos de idade; 75,42±9,78Kg; 1,73±5,98m; 25,11±2,71 kg/m2; 24,76±4,10 %gordura) se voluntariaram para participar no estudo. A máxima carga dinâmica foi verificada pelos testes de 1 repetição máxima (1RM). Na comparação das médias, a diferença significante do 1RM entre os participantes leves (54,9±8,85Kg) e pesados (66,2±8,86Kg) foi identificada apenas na abordagem ABS (p<0,05; ES=0,57). A RP falhou em remover completamente o efeito da massa corporal, permitindo correlação entre a força muscular e a massa corporal normalizadas (r=0,23), ao contrário da ALO (r=0,23 e 0,06). O coeficiente de Kendall revelou ausência de concordância entre as abordagens quando comparadas as suas respectivas classificações ordinais (kw=0,003; p>0,05). Em linha com pesquisas anteriores, ALO tem se mostrado como o único método viável para remover adequadamente o efeito da MC e para oferecer escores de desempenho mais apropriados para homens idosos, como os avaliados por este estudo.