Desigualdades sociais no diagnóstico do câncer do colo do útero no Brasil: um estudo de base hospitalar / Social inequalities in the diagnosis of cervical cancer in Brazil: a hospital-based study

Resumo O estudo visa analisar a prevalência de estadiamento avançado ao diagnóstico do câncer do colo do útero e sua associação com indicadores individuais e contextuais socioeconômicos e de oferta de serviços de saúde no Brasil. Estudo transversal, realizado com casos de câncer do colo do útero em mulheres de 18 a 99 anos, no período de 2006 a 2015, extraídos do Integrador de Registros Hospitalares de Câncer. Variáveis contextuais foram coletadas no Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano, no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde e no Sistema de Informações Ambulatoriais. Usou-se o modelo de regressão de Poisson multinível com intercepto aleatório. A prevalência de diagnóstico em estádio avançado foi de 48,4%, apresentando associação com idades mais avançadas (RP 1,06; IC 1,01-1,10), raça/cor da pele preta, parda e indígena (RP 1,04; IC 1,01-1,07), menores níveis de escolaridade (RP 1,28; IC 1,16-1,40), ausência de parceiro conjugal (RP 1,10; IC 1,07-1,13), encaminhamento do tipo público ao serviço de saúde (RP 1,07; IC 1,03-1,11) e menor taxa de realização de exame citopatológico (RP 1,08; IC 1,01-1,14). Os resultados reforçam a necessidade de melhorias no programa nacional de prevenção do câncer do colo do útero em áreas com baixa cobertura da citologia oncótica.

Abstract The scope of this study is to analyze the prevalence of advanced stage diagnosis of cervical cancer and its association with individual and contextual socioeconomic and healthcare service indicators in Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted using cervical cancer cases in women aged 18 to 99 years, from 2006 to 2015, extracted from the Hospital Cancer Registry (HCR) Integrator. Contextual variables were collected from the Atlas of Human Development in Brazil; the National Registry of Health Institutions (NRHI); and the Outpatient Information System. Multilevel Poisson Regression with random intercept was used. The prevalence of advanced stage diagnosis was 48.4%, revealing an association with older age groups (PR 1.06; CI 1.01-1.10), black, brown, and indigenous race/skin color (PR 1.04; CI 1.01-1.07), lower levels of schooling (PR 1.28; CI 1.16-1.40), no marital partner (PR 1.10; CI 1.07-1.13), public referral to the health service (PR 1.07; CI 1.03-1.11), and lower rates of cytological examination (PR 1.08; CI 1.01-1.14). The results reinforce the need for improvements in the national cervical cancer prevention program in areas with low coverage of oncotic cytology.

Percepção do peso corporal e dificuldades encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual na aquisição, na preparação e no consumo dos alimentos / Perception of body weight and difficulties encounteredby people with visual impairment in acquiring, preparing and consuming food

Objetivo: investigar a percepção do peso corporal e as dificuldades encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência visual na aquisição, na preparação e no consumo dos alimentos. Metodologia: estudo observacional transversal, com adultos e idosos com deficiência visual em Pelotas/RS, realizado no período de abril a maio de 2023. Foi utilizado um questionário composto de 42 itens. Os dados coletados foram analisados por análise descritiva e analítica, e apresentados como média ± desvio padrão ou percentual. Resultados: a amostra contou com 20 pessoas, predominantemente do sexo feminino e idosas. Em relação ao consumo alimentar, 50% dos participantes consomem feijão, 75% frutas e hortaliças, 50% bebidas adoçadas, biscoitos recheados e doces. Referente à percepção do peso corporal, percebeu-se que a maior parte do grupo sente que está acima do peso adequado e se sentem "insatisfeitos(as)". Sobre as dificuldades encontradas, 85% dos participantes relataram dificuldade extrema para identificar a validade dos alimentos, 70% para comprar alimentos frescos e perecíveis e 40% para usar a faca para cortar e descascar os alimentos. Conclusão: verificou-se que a maior parte do grupo sente que está acima do peso adequado e estão "insatisfeitos(as)" em relação ao peso corporal. Além disso, dependem de outra pessoa para escolher os alimentos a serem comprados, saber o prazo de validade, preparar alimentos que precisam ser porcionados, servir refeições no prato, cortar carnes, descascar vegetais e frutas, utilizar faca, entre outros. Esta dependência pode influenciar diretamente no seu consumo alimentar quando essas pessoas se encontram sozinhas, optando por consumir alimentos industrializados de fácil preparo ou prontos.

Objective: to investigate the perception of body weight and the difficulties encountered by people with visual impairments in acquiring, preparing and consuming food. Methodology: cross-sectional observational study, with adults and elderly people with visual impairment in Pelotas/RS, carried out from April to May 2023. A questionnaire composed of 42 items was used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical analysis, and presented as mean ± standard deviation or percentage. Results: the sample included 20 people, predominantly female and elderly. Regarding food consumption, 50% of participants consume beans, 75% fruits and vegetables, 50% sweetened drinks, stuffed cookies and sweets. Regarding the perception of body weight, it was noticed that the majority of the group feels that they are overweight and feel "dissatisfied". Regarding the difficulties encountered, 85% of participants reported extreme difficulty in identifying the expiration date of food, 70% in purchasing fresh and perishable foods and 40% in using a knife to cut and peel food. Conclusion: it was found that the majority of the group feels that they are overweight and are "dissatisfied" with their body weight. Furthermore, they depend on someone else to choose the food to be purchased, know the expiration date, prepare food that needs to be portioned, serve meals on the plate, cut meat, peel vegetables and fruits, use a knife, among others. This dependence can directly influence their food consumption when these people are alone, choosing to consume easily prepared or ready-made processed foods.

Mortalidad infantil y condiciones de vida socioeconómicamente adversas: el caso de dos distritos poblacionales en Santiago de Cuba

Introducción: La mortalidad infantil es un fenómeno sanitario relacionado directamente con las condiciones de vida deletéreas, tanto del hogar del infante como de factores socioeconómicos e higiénico-sanitarios adversos. Objetivo: Caracterizar las desigualdades de la mortalidad infantil, según condiciones diferenciales de vida en dos distritos poblacionales de Santiago de Cuba. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, de tipo ecológico exploratorio, en el municipio Santiago de Cuba, en el trienio 1995-1997. Las unidades de análisis estuvieron constituidas por las áreas de salud enmarcadas en dos distritos poblacionales de la ciudad. Resultados: Se estratificaron ambos distritos poblacionales, según sus condiciones de vida, en asentamientos con condiciones de vida menos desfavorables y más desfavorables. Se estimó mayor mortalidad infantil en el asentamiento con condiciones de vida más desfavorables (8,7 fallecidos por 1000 nacidos vivos), donde predominaron como causas clínicas de muerte las asfixias, la anoxia e hipoxias y causas clínicas reducibles por buena atención en el parto. Conclusiones: Se identificó un perfil diferencial de mortalidad infantil, según las condiciones de vida, al interior de los asentamientos poblacionales de los distritos urbanos de Santiago de Cuba. Los riesgos distintivos de muerte infantil fueron a expensas del componente neonatal, en lo fundamental por causas clínicas reducibles por buena atención en el parto.

Introduction: Infant mortality is a health phenomenon directly related to the deleterious living conditions of both the infant's home and adverse socioeconomic and sanitary factors. Objective: To characterize inequalities in infant mortality according to differential living conditions in two populations districts of Santiago de Cuba. Methods: A descriptive, exploratory ecological study was carried out in the municipality of Santiago de Cuba in 1995-1997. The units of analysis were constituted by the areas framed in two populations districts of the city. Results: Bothe population districts were stratified, according to their living conditions, in settlements with less unfavorable and more unfavorable living conditions. Higher infant mortality was estimated in the settlement with more unfavorable living conditions (8.7 deaths per 1000 live births), where asphyxia, anoxia and hypoxia predominated as clinical causes of death and clinical causes reducible for good care at birth. Conclusions: A differential profile of infant mortality, according to living conditions, was identified within the population settlements of the urban districts of Santiago de Cuba. The distinctive risks of infant death were at the expense of the neonatal component, mainly for clinical causes reducible by good care at birth.

Estado nutricional y practicas alimentarias en lactantes con labio leporino y/o paladar hendido pre y post quirúrgico. Operación Sonrisa Paraguay 2020-2021

Introducción: El labio y paladar hendido (LPH) son una alteración cráneo facial de etiología multifactorial. La alimentación de los niños con LPH puede llegar a ser deficiente, comprometiendo el crecimiento y el desarrollo. Objetivo: Determinar la evolución del estado nutricional pre y post quirúrgico y las prácticas alimentarias en lactantes de 6 a 24 meses de edad, con labio y/o paladar hendido que acudieron a la Clínica de la Fundación Operación Sonrisa durante el periodo de setiembre 2020 a mayo del 2021. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo con componente analítico. Se incluyó a 50 niños con diagnóstico de LPH de 6 a 24 meses de edad. Se evaluó el estado nutricional según estándares del MSP y BS. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 50 lactantes de 6 a 24 meses, el 60 % entre 6 -11 meses, el 64 % fueron varones, el 54 % provenía del interior del país y fueron sometidos a cierre primario de labios el 86 % y el 12 % a reconstrucción de paladar hendido. El 88 % de los niños recibieron lactancia materna. El estado nutricional pre quirúrgico fue adecuado (94 %) por indicador peso para la edad. Post quirúrgico hubo una diferencia significativa de 0,927Kg para el peso para la talla (p< 0,001), lo mismo para el peso para la edad(p<0,001). Para la talla para la edad se encontró una diferencia de 0,8cm(p=ns). Conclusiones: El estado nutricional de los niños con labio o paladar hendido, mejora a los 4 meses post cirugía reconstructiva para los indicadores peso para la edad y peso para la talla.

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is a craniofacial alteration of multifactorial etiology. The diet of children with CLP can become deficient, compromising growth and development. Objective: To determine the evolution of the pre- and post-surgical nutritional status and feeding practices in infants between 6 and 24 months of age, with cleft lip and/or palate who attended the "Operation Smile" Foundation Clinic from September 2020 to May 2021. Materials and methods: This was an observational and prospective study with an analytical component. 50 children with a diagnosis of CLP from 6 to 24 months of age were included. Nutritional status was evaluated according to National Health Ministry standards. Results: 50 infants from 6 to 24 months were evaluated, 60% were between 6 -11 months, 64% were males, 54% came from the rural areas. 86% underwent primary lip closure and 12% cleft palate reconstruction. 88% of the children were breastfed. The pre-surgical nutritional status was adequate (94%) by weight for age indicator. Post surgery there was a significant difference of 0.927 kg for weight for height (p < 0.001), the same for weight for age (p < 0.001). For height for age, a difference of 0.8 cm was found (p=ns). Conclusions: The nutritional status of children with cleft lip or palate improves 4 months after reconstructive surgery for the indicators weight for age and weight for height.

Estado nutricional, composición corporal y conducta alimentaria de estudiantes de primer año de la Escuela de Grumetes "Alejandro Navarrete Cisterna" de Talcahuano, Chile

Introducción: El estado nutricional, la composición corporal y los hábitos alimentarios son relevantes para la elegibilidad, entrenamiento y progresión de la carrera naval, por la influencia que tienen estos factores sobre la salud física, mental y rendimiento deportivo de los reclutas. Objetivo: Describir y evaluar el estado nutricional, la composición corporal y la conducta alimentaria de estudiantes de primer año de la Escuela de Grumetes "Alejandro Navarrete Cisterna" de Talcahuano. Métodos: Estudio no experimental de corte transversal a 781 grumetes. Se realizó evaluación antropométrica y de composición corporal por nutricionistas entrenadas, y se aplicó la Encuesta sobre Hábitos Alimentarios de autorreporte. Resultados: Edad 19,2 ± 1,47 años, 35,7% mujeres. Según el estado nutricional, se observó un mayor porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad en mujeres comparado con los hombres. El IMC se relacionó directamente con la composición corporal; las mujeres presentaron una media de IMC de sobrepeso con mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal y menor porcentaje de masa muscular. La conducta alimentaria se relacionó con estado nutricional significativamente, siendo los cumplimientos de: consumo de lácteos, consumo de legumbres, cena diariamente y no consumo de bebidas alcohólicas más altos en reclutas normopeso que en aquellos con sobrepeso y obesidad. Conclusión: Los grumetes presentaron mayor normopeso, menor obesidad y mejor conducta alimentaria que la población general, debido posiblemente a la preparación física y nutricional en el periodo inicial de la instrucción naval.

Introduction: Nutritional status, body composition and eating habits are relevant for eligibility, training, and naval career progression, due to the influence of these factors have on the physical and mental health and sports performance of recruits. Objective: To describe and evaluate the nutritional status, body composition and eating behavior of first-year students of the "Alejandro Navarrete Cisterna" Naval School in Talcahuano. Methods: Non-experimental cross-sectional study of 781 recruits. Anthropometric and body composition evaluation was carried out by trained nutritionists, and the self-report Eating Habits Survey was applied. Results: Age 19.2 ± 1.47 years, 35.7% women. According to nutritional status, a higher percentage of overweight and obesity was observed in women compared to men. BMI was related to body composition; women had a mean BMI of overweight with a higher percentage of body fat and a lower percentage of muscle mass. Eating behavior was significantly related to nutritional status, with compliance of: dairy consumption, legume consumption, daily dinner and non-consumption of alcoholic beverages being higher in normal weight recruits than in those with overweight and obesity. Conclusion: The naval recruits had a higher normal weight, less obesity and better eating behavior than the general population, possibly due to the physical and nutritional preparation in the initial period of naval training.

Estado nutricional de crianças com microcefalia congênita transmitida pelo vírus Zika / Nutritional status of children with congenital microcephaly transmitted by Zika Virus / Estado nutricional de niños con microcefalia congénita transmitida por el Virus Zika

A microcefalia é uma condição sem tratamento causa alterações de cunho sensorial, cognitivo, motor, auditivo e visual, podendo ser adquirida por meio da infecção congênita pelo vírus Zika. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o estado nutricional, o consumo alimentar e os fatores socioeconômicos que implicam na alimentação das crianças com microcefalia oriunda da infecção pelo Zika Vírus. Este estudo é uma pesquisa de campo descritiva, de delineamento transversal, que foi realizada com dez crianças na faixa etária de 2 a 3 anos. O estado nutricional foi avaliado utilizando balança digital e fita métrica, e os questionários sobre o consumo alimentar e condições socioeconômicas foram respondidos pelos cuidadores das crianças. Os resultados encontrados apresentaram inadequações das seguintes maneiras: 60% na estatura por idade, 50% no peso por idade e 40% no peso por estatura. Sobre a alimentação, 70% tinham uma alimentação inadequada e 60% apresentavam condições socioeconômicas de risco. Perante os achados, é possível interligar os fatores pesquisados com um retardo no desenvolvimento infantil. Portanto, ressalta-se que a microcefalia associada à alimentação inadequada e baixa condição social é capaz de agravar o estado nutricional.

Microcephaly is an untreated condition that leads to sensory, cognitive, motor, auditory and visual changes and can be acquired through congenital infection by the Zika Virus. Hence, this study evaluates the nutritional status, food consumption and socioeconomic factors that affect the nutrition of children with microcephaly transmitted by Zika Virus infection. A descriptive, cross-sectional field research was conducted with ten children aged 2 to 3 years. Nutritional status was assessed using a digital scale and measuring tape. Questionnaires on food consumption and socioeconomic conditions were answered by the children's caregivers. The results found presented the following inadequacies: 60% in height for age, 50% in weight for age, and 40% in weight for height. Regarding nutrition, 70% of the children had inadequate nutrition and 60% lived under risky socioeconomic conditions. Given these findings, the factors researched can be linked with a delay in child development. Therefore, microcephaly associated with inadequate nutrition and low social status can worsen nutritional status.

La microcefalia es una afección no tratada que conlleva cambios sensoriales, cognitivos, motores, auditivos y visuales, y puede adquirirse a través de una infección congénita por el virus Zika. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el estado nutricional, el consumo de alimentos y los factores socioeconómicos que afectan la nutrición de niños con microcefalia provocada por la infección por el virus Zika. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de enfoque transversal, que se realizó con 10 niños de entre 2 y 3 años. El estado nutricional se evaluó mediante una balanza digital y una cinta métrica, y los cuidadores de los niños respondieron cuestionarios sobre consumo de alimentos y condiciones socioeconómicas. Los resultados encontrados presentaron insuficiencias en los siguientes aspectos: 60% en talla para la edad, 50% en peso para la edad y 40% en peso para la talla. En cuanto a la nutrición, el 70% tenía una nutrición inadecuada y el 60% tenía condiciones socioeconómicas de riesgo. Teniendo en cuenta los hallazgos, es posible relacionar los factores investigados con un retraso en el desarrollo infantil. Por tanto, cabe destacar que la microcefalia asociada a una nutrición inadecuada y un bajo estatus social es capaz de empeorar el estado nutricional.

Status social subjetivo e a qualidade de vida em estudantes do ensino fundamental / Subjective social status and quality of life of elementary school adolescents

Este estudo teve o objetivo de descrever e relacionar a qualidade de vida e o Status Social Subje-tivo (SSS) na escola e nas aulas de educação física em estudantes do ensino fundamental. Estudo transversal com 875 estudantes do ensino fundamental do município de Palhoça, Santa Catarina. A qualidade de vida foi analisada por meio do Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM versão 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) e o SSS foi investigado por meio da escala de MacArthur adaptada para estudantes brasileiros para o ambiente escolar e aulas de educação física. Os domínios da qualidade de vida que apresen-taram menores pontuações foram os relacionados aos sentimentos (61,4 pontos) e à escola (70,3 pontos). A questão "eu sinto raiva" obteve menor pontuação (50,8 pontos), seguida da questão "eu me preocupo com o que vai acontecer comigo" (53,1 pontos), ambas do domínio sentimentos. Um total de 37,1% e 25% dos estudantes apresentaram percepção de SSS negativa nas aulas de educação física e na escola, respectivamente. Os estudantes com a percepção negativa de SSS tiveram piores escores de qualidade de vida. Diante dos resultados destacam-se as pontuações baixas de qualidade de vida, especialmente com relação aos sentimentos e escola por parte dos estudantes, e os percentuais altos de percepção negativa de SSS.

This study aimed to describe and associate the quality of life and Subjective Social Status (SSS) at school and in Physical Education classes among elementary school students. Cross-sectional study with 875 elementary school students in the city of Palhoça ­ Southern Brazil. Quality of life was analyzed using the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM version 4.0 (PedsQL 4.0) and SSS was investigated using the MacArthur scale, which was adapted for Brazilian students for the school environment and Physical Education classes. The quality of life domains that presented the lowest scores were those related to feelings (61.4 points) and schools (70.3 points). The question "I feel angry" received the lowest score (50.8 points), followed by the question "I worry about what will happen to me" (53.1points), both from the feelings domain. A total of 37.1% and 25% of students had a negative perception of SSS in Physical Education classes and at school, respectively. Students with a negative perception of SSS had worse quality of life scores. Given the results, the low quality of life scores stand out, especially in relation to students' feelings about school and the high percentages of negative perception of SSS

Normative Data of Handgrip Strength in Macedonian Children and Adolescents According to Chronological and Biological Age / Datos Normativos de la Fuerza de Prensión Manual en Niños y Adolescentes Macedonios Según la Edad Cronológica y Biológica

SUMMARY: The handgrip strength is used as a means of individual's health prediction during life. It is used as an indicator of the nutrition status, bone fragility, presence of sarcopenia and it correlates with certain diseases and clinical complications. The research goal was to analyze the results of the hand dynamometry test, based on the chronological and biological age, and to offer normative and referent standards about children and adolescents from the Republic of North Macedonia. The study was conducted on a sample of 4031 respondents of both sexes at the age 6-14 years. In order to achieve the research goals, the measured characteristics were of the weight, height, sitting height and handgrip strength. The body mass index and biological maturity values (APHV) were obtained by using formulas. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that statistically significant differences in handgrip strength are established between the boys and girls of all age categories. Also, statistically significant differences between boys and girls are established in the hand dynamometry test of all APHV levels. In general, the use of the APHV allows a better categorization of the performance of the studied children and adolescents. With boys, the correlation between the chronological age and test was 68 %, and with girls - 77 %. The normative referent standards of the hand dynamometry test are presented in percentiles for both sexes. Thye hand dynamometry test's results during childhood and adolescence should be analyzed and interpret on the basis of biological age, and not on the chronological age. These tools can help specialists who work with children and adolescents in ethnic and epidemiological context.

La fuerza de prensión se utiliza como medio para predecir la salud del individuo durante la vida. Se utiliza como indicador del estado nutricional, fragilidad ósea, presencia de sarcopenia y se correlaciona con determinadas enfermedades y complicaciones clínicas. El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar los resultados de la prueba de dinamometría manual, con base en la edad cronológica y biológica, y ofrecer estándares normativos y referentes sobre niños y adolescentes de la República de Macedonia del Norte. El estudio se realizó en una muestra de 4031 encuestados de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 14 años. Para lograr los objetivos de la investigación, las características medidas fueron el peso, la altura, la altura al sentarse y la fuerza de prensión. El índice de masa corporal y los valores de madurez biológica (APHV) se obtuvieron mediante fórmulas. Sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que se establecen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la fuerza de prensión manual entre niños y niñas de todas las categorías de edad. Asimismo, se establecen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre niños y niñas en la prueba de dinamometría manual de todos los niveles APHV. En general, el uso del APHV permite una mejor categorización del desempeño de los niños y adolescentes estudiados. En los niños, la correlación entre la edad cronológica y la prueba fue del 68 %, y en las niñas, del 77 %. Los estándares normativos referentes de la prueba de dinamometría manual se presentan en percentiles para ambos sexos. Los resultados de la prueba de dinamometría manual durante la infancia y la adolescencia deben analizarse e interpretarse en función de la edad biológica y no de la edad cronológica. Estas herramientas pueden ayudar a los especialistas que trabajan con niños y adolescentes en un contexto étnico y epidemiológico.

Changes in Height and Body Weight Within a Time Period of 35 Years in Males of the Same Age / Cambios en la Altura y el Peso Corporal en un Período de 35 Años en Hombres de la Misma Edad

SUMMARY: Height and body weight measurements are among the most important anthropometric variables when assessing a population's growth, development and body composition. This study aimed to evaluate the height and body weight variability of male entities aged 17-18 years within 35 years. This goal was realized by comparing the height and body weight of the population of the same gender and age in three different time studies. The descriptive statistical parameters and T-test for independent groups show systematic and significant differences in measured variables between three measurements in different timelines. Both in body height and body weight, from measurement to measurement, significant systematic and statistically significant differences (p<0.01) have been identified (1985: BH= 172.8cm, BW= 61.7kg; 2004: BH=176.8 cm, BW=66.9 kg; 2019: BH=178.5 cm, BW=72 kg). The results of this study prove that the change in the socio-economic status of a population over a period time of 35 years can significantly affect the growth and development of children/adolescents.

Las medidas de altura y peso corporal se encuentran entre las variables antropométricas más importantes a la hora de evaluar el crecimiento, el desarrollo y la composición corporal de una población. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la variabilidad de la altura y el peso corporal de entidades masculinas de 17 a 18 años dentro de 35 años. Este objetivo se logró comparando la altura y el peso corporal de la población del mismo sexo y edad en tres estudios temporales diferentes. Los parámetros estadísticos descriptivos y la prueba T para grupos independientes muestran diferencias sistemáticas y significativas en las variables medidas entre tres mediciones en diferentes líneas de tiempo. Tanto en la altura como en el peso corporal, de medición en medición, se han identificado diferencias significativas sistemáticas y estadísticamente significativas (p<0,01) (1985: BH= 172,8 cm, BW= 61,7 kg; 2004: BH=176,8 cm, BW=66,9 kg; 2019: BH=178,5 cm, BW=72 kg). Los resultados de este estudio demuestran que el cambio en el estatus socioeconómico de una población durante un período de 35 años puede afectar significativamente el crecimiento y desarrollo de niños/ adolescentes.

Fístula enterocutánea: un enfoque desde las generalidades y el estado nutricional / Enterocutaneous fistula: An approach based on generalities and nutritional status

Introducción. Una fístula es una conexión anormal entre dos superficies epitelizadas. Cerca del 80 % de las fístulas entero-cutáneas son de origen iatrogénico secundarias a cirugía, y un menor porcentaje se relacionan con traumatismos, malignidad, enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal o isquemia. La morbilidad y las complicaciones asociadas pueden ser significativas, como la desnutrición, en la que intervienen múltiples factores. Métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos de PubMed, Google Scholar y SciELO, utilizando las palabras claves descritas y se seleccionaron los artículos más relevantes de los últimos años. Resultados. La clasificación de las fístulas se basa en su anatomía, su gasto o secreción diaria y su localización. Existe una tríada clásica de las complicaciones: sepsis, desnutrición y anomalías electrolíticas. El control del gasto de la fístula, el drenaje adecuado de las colecciones y la terapia antibiótica son claves en el manejo precoz de estos pacientes. Los estudios recientes hacen hincapié en que la sepsis asociada con la desnutrición son las principales causas de mortalidad. Conclusiones. Esta condición representa una de las complicaciones de más difícil y prolongado tratamiento en cirugía abdominal y colorrectal, y se relaciona con importantes tasas de morbilidad, mortalidad y altos costos para el sistema de salud. Es necesario un tratamiento multidisciplinario basado en la reanimación con líquidos, el control de la sepsis, el soporte nutricional y el cuidado de la herida, entre otros factores.

Introduction. A fistula is an abnormal connection between two epithelialized surfaces. About 80% of enterocutaneous fistulas are of iatrogenic origin secondary to surgery, and a smaller percentage are related to trauma, malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease or ischemia. The associated morbidity and complications can be significant, such as malnutrition, in which multiple factors intervene. Methods. A literature search was carried out in the PubMed, Google Scholar and SciELO databases using the keywords described and the most relevant articles from recent years were selected. Results. The classification of fistulas is based on their anatomy, their daily secretion output, and their location. There is a classic triad of complications: sepsis, malnutrition and electrolyte abnormalities. Control of fistula output, adequate drainage of the collections and antibiotic therapy are key to the early management of these patients. Recent studies emphasize that sepsis associated with malnutrition are the main causes of mortality. Conclusions. This condition represents one of the most difficult and prolonged complications to treat in abdominal and colorectal surgery, and is related to significant rates of morbidity, mortality and high costs for the health system. Multidisciplinary treatment based on fluid resuscitation, sepsis control, nutritional support, and wound care, among other factors, is necessary.

Seguridad alimentaria y nutricional de niños menores de 5 años: de la dimensión alimentaria a la nutricional / Food and Nutrition Security of Children under 5 Years: From Food to Nutritional Dimension / Segurança alimentar e nutricional de crianças menores de 5 anos: da dimensão alimentar à nutricional

Objetivo: analizar la asociación de características biológicas y sociales con la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional (san) de niños menores de 5 años con base en indicadores de percepción del hambre y antro-pométricos.Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal realizado en municipios brasileños que fueron priorizados para el desarrollo de acciones de prevención de la obesidad infantil en 2017/2018. La san se midió usando la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria y se utilizaron los índices antropométricos Talla/Edad (T/E), Peso/Edad (P/E) y Peso/Talla (P/T). Las asociaciones se testaron por regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta.Resultados: de los 868 niños, el 24.3 % vivía en familias con inseguridad alimenta-ria y nutricional moderada-severa (ianm-s), el 7.0 % tenía T/E baja; el 7.8 % P/E alto, y el 14.4 %, P/T alto. Si bien la ianm-s se asoció con una amplia gama de factores negativos del contexto social, las prevalencias de las desviaciones antropométricas fueron mayores en menores de 2 años y cuando las madres tenían el mismo diagnóstico nutricional que el niño.Conclusión: a pesar de las prevalencias expresivas de ianm-sy desviaciones antropométricas, la ianm-s fue más pronunciada, especialmente en contextos sociales des-favorables. La san mostró un comportamiento diferente en sus dimensiones alimentaria y nutricional, tanto en términos de frecuencia como de determinación

Objective: To analyze the association between biological and social characteristics with the food and nutritional security (fns) of children aged <5 years based on hunger perception and anthropometric indicators. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at Brazilian municipali-ties that have been prioritized for the development of actions aimed at preventing childhood obesity in 2017­2018. The fns aspect was analyzed with reference to the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale and the anthropometric indices Height/Age (H/A), Weight/Age (P/A), and Weight/Height (P/H) were used. The associations were tested by the Poisson Regression with robust variance. Results: Of the 868 children, 24.3 % lived in families with moderate­severe food and nutritional insecurity, 7.0 % had low H/A, 7.8 % had high P/A, and 14.4% had high P/E. The moderate­severe food and nutritional insecurity was associ-ated with a wide range of negative factors in the social context, but the prevalence of anthropometric deviations was higher in children <2 years and when their mothers had the same nutritional diagno-sis. Conclusion: Despite the expressive prevalence of moderate­severe food and nutritional insecurity and anthropometric deviations, the former was more pronounced, especially under unfavorable social contexts. san displayed different behaviors in its food and nutritional dimensions, both in the terms of frequency and determination.

Objetivo: analisar a associação de características biológicas e sociais com a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (san) de crianças menores de 5 anos com base em indicadores de percepção da fome e antropométricos. Materiais e métodos: estudo transversal realizado em municípios brasileiros que foram priorizados para o desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção da obesidade infantil em 2017/2018. A san foi medida usando a Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar e utilizaram-se os índices antropométricos Estatura/Idade (E/I), Peso/Idade (P/I) e Peso/Estatura (P/E). As associações se testaram por Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: das 868 crianças, 24.3 % residiam em famílias com Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional Moderada-Grave (ianm-g), 7.0 % tinham E/I baixa, 7.8 % P/I elevado e 14.4 % P/E elevado. Enquanto a ianm-gassociou-se a uma ampla gama de fatores negativos do contexto social, as prevalências dos desvios antropo-métricos foram maiores em menores de 2 anos e quando as mães tiveram o mesmo diagnóstico nutricional que a criança. Conclusão: apesar das prevalências expressivas de ianm-g e de desvios antropométricos, a ianm-gfoi mais acentuada, sobretudo em contextos sociais desfavoráveis. A san manifestou comportamento dife-rente nas suas dimensões alimentar e nutricional, tanto em termos de frequência quanto de determinação.

Application value of nutritional intervention in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance treatment / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To observe the application value of nutritional intervention in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) during maintenance treatment. Methods A total of 75 children with ALL admitted to Hematology and Oncology Department of Children's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2020 and January 2022 were enrolled as the research subjects. According to different intervention methods, the patients were divided into routine intervention group (n=35) and nutritional intervention group (n=40). The routine intervention group was given routine interventions and diet guidance, while the nutritional intervention group was additionally given continuous nutritional intervention. The nutritional status, anthropometry indicators [weight, upper arm circumference, triceps skin fold thickness (TSFT)], biochemical indicators (prealbumin, albumin) and incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results After intervention, the nutritional risk rate in the nutritional intervention group was lower than that in the routine intervention group (47.50% vs 71.43% , P<0.05), while the values of weight, upper arm circumference and TSFT were higher than those in the routine intervention group (P<0.05), the serum albumin level was higher than that in the routine intervention group (P<0.05), and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the routine intervention group (25.00% vs 48.57%, P<0.05). Conclusion Nutritional intervention is beneficial to maintain stable nutritional status, promote growth and development, and reduce the incidence of related complications in ALL children during maintenance treatment.

Short-term knee function after total knee arthroplasty and related factors / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo investigate the short-term knee function recovery of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) after discharge and analyze its related factors. MethodsFrom December, 2022 to April, 2023, 140 adult patients who underwent TKA in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital and being about to be discharged were selected as the survey subjects using convenient sampling. Potential influencing factors were selected based on a literature review. They were investigated with general information questionnaire, Rehabilitation Exercise Compliance Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale for Rehabilitation Exercise (SER), Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS), and joint range of motion measurements before discharge, and were investigated with the Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) one month after discharge. ResultsA total of 130 patients finished follow-up. One month after discharge, the HSS score ranged from 40 to 82, with an average of (70.89±6.26). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that Body Mass Index (B = -0.423, 95%CI -0.622 to -0.224, P < 0.001), pre-discharge VAS (B = -1.016, 95%CI -1.198 to -0.113, P = 0.028), rehabilitation exercise compliance (B = 0.267, 95%CI 0.121 to 0.413, P < 0.001), SER (B = 0.478, 95%CI 0.315 to 0.642, P < 0.001), and knee joint flexion contracture angle (B = -0.251, 95%CI -0.414 to -0.088, P = 0.003) could influence HSS score one month after discharge (R2 = 0.615, F =17.106, P < 0.001). ConclusionPatients after TKA have recovered well in short time after discharge, however, there is still significant room for improvement. Clinical healthcare providers should design and implement appropriate interventions based on related factors to improve the function.

Electrical status epilepticus during sleep in a male Filipino with rare nonsense mutation variant of Sotos Syndrome on Carbamazepine Monotherapy

@#Electrical status epilepticus during sleep (ESES) is an electrographic pattern associated with specific genetic disorders, brain malformations, and use of some antiseizure medications. This case report aims to present the management of ESES in Sotos syndrome (SoS) on carbamazepine. A nine-year-old Filipino male with clinical features suggestive of overgrowth syndrome presented with febrile seizure at one year old. Cranial imaging showed cavum septum pellucidum, corpus callosal dysgenesis, and ventriculomegaly. He was on carbamazepine monotherapy starting at three years old. A near continuous diffuse spike–wave discharges in slow wave sleep was recorded at nine years old hence shifted to valproic acid. Follow-up study showed focal epileptiform discharges during sleep with disappearance of ESES. Next generation sequencing tested positive for rare nonsense mutation of nuclear receptor binding set-domain protein 1 confirming the diagnosis of SoS. Advanced molecular genetics contributed to determination of ESES etiologies. To date, this is the first documented case of SoS developing ESES. Whether an inherent genetic predisposition or drug-induced, we recommend the avoidance of carbamazepine and use of valproic acid as first-line therapy.

Association between Self-Esteem and Dietary Changes among Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

@#Introduction: Cancer diagnosis may shift an individual’s food choices as well as self-esteem mainly due to the side effects of treatment, which will influence their nutritional status and perception about themselves. The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary changes and self-esteem among cancer patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 cancer patients in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Among the data collected were socio-demographic background, clinical characteristics, Karnofsky Performance Status Scale, dietary changes questionnaire before and after cancer diagnosis, self-esteem. Spearman correlation was employed for determining the relationship between dietary changes and self-esteem. Results: Out of 113 subjects, 98 subjects (86.7%) made changes in their dietary intake after being diagnosed with cancer. A total of 58.4% and 45.1% of the subjects reported a decrease in their intake of sugar and condensed milk, while 52.2% stopped consuming red meat. The mean self-esteem score was reported to be average (29.33 ± 3.52). However, no statistically significant association was found between socio-demographic, clinical parameters, and self-esteem with dietary changes. Conclusion:The findings of this study demonstrated that cancer patients had made drastic dietary changes following cancer diagnosis especially consumption of red meat and food high in sugar. Most cancer patients had average self-esteem level. Although no association had been found between dietary changes and self-esteem level, it is suggested for more studies should be carried out to provide clear understanding of the factors affecting dietary changes among cancer patients.

Beware of the "high functioning trap" - excessive status expectations in patients with bipolar depression / 四川精神卫生

Maintaining long-term stability of patient's condition is crucial in the treatment for bipolar disorder， while accurately assessing the patient's disease status is important and challenging in maintaining treatment. Excessive status expectation is common in patients with bipolar depression， which would warp the patient's perception of his or her own disease status and， thus， ultimately interfere with clinical decisions. Heightened vigilance should be given to such phenomenon. This paper explores the phenomenon and potential mechanisms of excessive status expectation in patients with bipolar disorder， providing ideas for related diagnosis， treatment and research. ［Funded by Jiangsu Provincial Science and Technology PProject （number， BE2015609）］

Advances in the correlation between digital eye strain and sleep quality in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Digital eye strain can affect not only adolescents visual health, but also sleep quality. In order to provide a reference for safeguarding adolescents visual health and physical health, the paper reviews the direct correlation, feedback correlation, mediating role and the mechanisms between their digital eye strain and sleep quality, as well as proposes some strategies to reduce digital eye strain and improve sleep quality, such as screen time limits, adjusting the brightness and contrast of electronic screen devices, maintaining correct posture and viewing distance, increasing eye nutrition and protection, establishing a regular sleep routine, avoiding the use of electronic screen devices before bedtime, creating a comfortable and quiet sleep environment, and paying attention to the effects of diet and exercise.

Nutritional status and its related factors among primary and secondary school students in Beijing City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To assess the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in Beijing City and to analyze the related factors, so as to provide a scientific basis for improving the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students in a targeted manner.@*Methods@#Based on the 2021 Beijing Student Common Diseases and Health Influencing Factors Surveillance Project, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to conduct a physical examination and questionnaire survey on 25 487 primary and secondary school students from September to November 2021. The Chi square test was used for comparison of nutritional status detection rates, and disordered multi classification Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors associated with students nutritional status.@*Results@#The detection rates of malnutrition, overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Beijing City were 4.7%, 18.0% and 23.8% respectively. The detection rates of malnutrition, overweight and obesity were higher among male students (5.1%, 20.4%, 29.7%) than female students (4.2%, 15.5%, 17.4%) ( χ 2= 12.23, 101.71, 526.99, P <0.01). The detection rate of obesity was higher in the suburbs than urban areas(26.6%, 19.8%), and the detection rate of malnutrition was lower in the suburbs than urban areas (4.2%,5.5%)( χ 2=157.25, 23.61, P <0.01). The results of disordered multi classification Logistic regression showed that the related factors for malnutrition, overweight and obesity were gender, residence, moderate to vigorous exercise ≥60 min per day and lack of sleep( OR =1.70, 1.88,2.48; 1.14, 0.87, 0.67; 0.85, 0.92, 0.81 ; 0.83, 1.08, 1.07); frequency of fried food intake daily was a related factor for overweight ( OR =0.70); whether eating breakfast daily or not was a related factor for overweight and obesity ( OR =0.91, 0.84); academic level (middle and high school) was a related factor for malnutrition and obesity ( OR =1.38, 1.37; 0.77, 1.40)( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The problem of overweight and obesity among primary and secondary school students in Beijing City continues to be serious, especially among boys and suburban areas. It is recommended that society, schools, families and individuals should work together to improve the nutritional status of primary and secondary school students by adopting a graded and classified approach.

Clinical characteristics of acute acquired concomitant esotropia among different age groups / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To analyze the clinical characteristics of acute acquired concomitant esotropia(AACE)in patients among different age groups.METHODS: Retrospective analysis of clinical data. A total of 112 non-Swan type AACE patients who underwent surgery at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical data were collected and the characteristics were compared, including gender, age, diopter, duration of disease, daily time spent on near work, angles of deviation before and after surgery, stereopsis, etc. According to age, patients were divided into three groups: &#x003C;18 years old group(22 cases), 18-45 years old group(67 cases), and &#x003E;45 years old group(23 cases). The clinical characteristics of patients were compared in each group.RESULTS: A total of 112 patients were included in the study, comprising 56 males and 56 females, with a median age of 29.50(19.25, 41.75)years old. Among them, 97 patients had myopia(86.6%). There were 93 patients(83.0%)who spent more than 8 h on near work. The age group &#x003C;18 years old had the shortest duration before surgery, with a median time of 1.00(0.50, 1.00)a, the minimum negative diopter, with a median diopter of -0.75(-3.19, -0.56)D in the right eye and the diopter of -1.25(-2.81, -0.75)D in the left eye, and the maximum preoperative near angle of deviation, with a median angle of 30.00(18.50, 80.00)PD, and the maximum preoperative distant angle of deviation, with a median angle of 35.00(23.75, 80.00)PD. All these differences were statistically significant compared with other two groups(both P&#x003C;0.05). For the age group from 18 to 45 years old, the median near angle of deviation was 20.00(14.00, 30.00)PD, and the median distant angle of deviation was 25.00(20.00, 35.00)PD, both of which were higher than those in the age group &#x003E;45 years old(both P&#x003C;0.05). For the age group &#x003E;45 years old, the median near angle of deviation after surgery was -4.50(-7.50, 0)PD, and the median distant angle of deviation after surgery was 4.50(0, 9.50)PD, which were smaller than those in other two groups(all P&#x003C;0.05). The age group &#x003E;45 years old had the hiughest surgical success rate(100%). The preoperative stereopsis was better in age group &#x003E;45 years old than the group &#x003C;18 years old(P&#x003C;0.05). The postoperative stereopsis of the age group of 18 to 45 years old and the age group &#x003E;45 years old was better than age group &#x003C;18 years old(both P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Surgical patients with AACE are mainly in the age group from 18 to 45 years old. The characteristic of angle of deviation is that distant angle of deviation is greater than near angle of deviation. The patients &#x003C;18 years old have larger preoperative angles of deviation than adults, while their stereoacuity is worse than adults in the early postoperative period. It is recommended that augmented-dose surgery should be performed in AACE patients who are in the age group of 18 to 45 years old(5-10 PD). A conservative surgery should be designed for hyperopia young children without established binocular vision.

Promoting Innovative Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine Case Report Based on China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine is built to promote the establishment of a scientific and technological talent evaluation system oriented on innovative value， ability and contribution in the backgroud of breaking the four only and setting new standards required by the document jointly issued by several national administrations and commissions. In the process of the construction， in order to further consolidate the foundation and ensure the quality and authority of case reports， we need to fully understand the origin and development of Chinese medical cases. Therefore， we clarified the development situation of Chinese medical cases by combing the characteristics of ancient and modern case reports， comparing the differences between Chinese and western medical case reports in terms of content and writing requirements， finally formed the main points of systematic case report norms and quality evaluation system， aiming to fully explore the unique advantages of Chinese medical cases in the fields of discipline development， scientific research innovation， clinical practice and guidance， talent evaluation and training， so as to promote its innovative development in a broader direction.