Tendencias actuales en la enseñanza de la reanimación cardiopulmonar básica / Current trends in the teaching of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation / Current trends in the teaching of basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Introducción: La enseñanza de la reanimación cardiopulmonar se basa en el estudio de conceptos, teorías y prácticas que son evaluados con el objetivo de medir el nivel de retención de los individuos. Objetivo: Caracterizar el impacto de las tendencias actuales en la enseñanza de la reanimación cardiopulmonar básica. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos científicos pertenecientes a las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, SciELO Regional y SciELO Cuba. Se utilizaron descriptores en español e inglés y se revisaron 29 citas. Resultados: Las tendencias actuales implican la aplicación de las nuevas tecnologías, la autopreparación y el poco desarrollo de entornos presenciales. Se consideran las escuelas como lugares clave para las nuevas formas de enseñanza. Los simuladores permiten la formación bajo situaciones clínicas reales. El autoaprendizaje garantiza la consolidación de las habilidades prácticas trasmitidas por el instructor y asimiladas por el estudiante. Conclusiones: La reanimación cardiopulmonar garantiza una mejor calidad de vida de la población en general. Con el avance tecnológico se ha abierto una nueva etapa en la formación de habilidades, donde ha primado la autonomía; aunque existen notables desventajas. Entonces se necesita un asesoramiento con instructor, que ofrezca los conocimientos teóricos y prácticos básicos compaginados con un nivel de autonomía del aprendizaje. Este proceso debe seguirse y controlarse. A la vez que la formación no se detiene ahí, la formación sistemática en cualquier lugar permite la reafirmación de lo aprendido. De este modo, los avances tecnológicos desempeñarán su mejor beneficio(AU)

Introduction: The teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation is based on the study of concepts, theories and practices evaluated with the aim of measuring the retention level of individuals. Objective: To characterize the impact of current trends in the teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Methods: A bibliographic review of scientific articles from Medline, PubMed, SciELO Regional and SciELO Cuba databases was carried out. Descriptors in Spanish and English were used, as well as 29 citations were reviewed. Results: Current trends involve the application of new technologies, self-training and little development of face-to-face settings. Schools are considered as key places for new forms of teaching. Simulators allow training under real clinical situations. Self-learning guarantees the consolidation of practical skills transmitted by the instructor and assimilated by the student. Conclusions: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation guarantees better quality of life for the general population. Technological progress has opened a new stage in the training of skills, in which autonomy has prevailed; however, there are significant disadvantages. Therefore, there is a need for instructor-led counseling, offering basic theoretical and practical knowledge combined with a level of learning autonomy. This process must be monitored and controlled. While training does not stop at such point, systematic training at any location allows reaffirmation of what has been learned. In this way, technological advances will permit to take the best advantage(AU)

A tecnologia nos torna melhores ou apenas adia nosso dilema moral? O caso dos xenotransplantes / Does technology make us better or only postpone our moral dilemma? The case of xenotransplantation

Objetivo: A obtenção do número adequado de órgãos cadavéricos para transplantes é um item de política pública importante. Modelos econômicos tradicionais supõem que a solução pode ser obtida por incentivos financeiros. Críticos dessa abordagem insistem que o mercado não resolve o problema, mas a intervenção estatal sim. Métodos: Este artigo apresenta o modelo do homo economicus maturus de Frey (1997), cujo principal mérito é mostrar que ambas as críticas estão incorretamente colocadas, pois indivíduos respondem não apenas a incentivos monetários de forma positiva, como demonstram os modelos tradicionais, mas também podem apresentar reações psicológicas adversas. Esse modelo é aplicado ao dilema da doação de órgãos com a inclusão do fator tecnológico, por meio da substituição de órgãos humanos por órgãos não humanos (xenotransplantes). Resultados: O principal resultado do artigo é mostrar como um avanço tecnológico pode melhorar o bem-estar sem alterar o dilema moral dos indivíduos. Conclusões: A extensão do modelo econômico tradicional permite uma análise com novas possibilidades acerca de mudanças tecnológicas e dos dilemas morais que elas podem trazer.

Objective: Obtaining the adequate number of cadaveric organs for transplantation is an important public policy item. Traditional economic models assume that solution can be obtained by financial incentives. Critics of this approach insist that the market does not solve the problem, but state intervention does. Methods: This article presents Frey's (1997) homo economicus maturus model, whose main merit is to show that both critics are incorrectly because individuals respond not only to monetary incentives in a positive way, as traditional models demonstrate, but they can also present adverse psychological reactions. This model is applied to the dilemma of organ donation with the inclusion of the technological factor, through the replacement of human organs by non-human organs (xenotransplantation). Results: The main result of the article is to show how a technological advance can improve well-being without changing the moral dilemma of individuals. Conclusions: The extension of the traditional economic model allows an analysis with new possibilities about technological changes and the moral dilemmas that they can bring.

Development of medical science and technology and doctor-patient relationship / 中华医院管理杂志

The rapid development of medical science and technology, which has greatly promoted the development of medicine and the improvement of diagnosis and treatment, has also brought about various negative impacts in clinical practice on the doctor-patient relationship. The paper attempts to analyze these impacts from such perspectives as medical treatment, society, ethics, and law and proposes some corresponding countermeasures in perspective of the present reality: (1)rationally controlling medical expenses; (2) effectively stepping up communication; (3)appropriately handling difficult ethical problems; (4) amplifying necessary health rules and regulations. The goal is to create a win-win situation for both progress in medical science and technology and improvement of the doctor-patient relationship.