Meropenem population pharmacokinetic model for the Chinese elderly established by model-based META analysis / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To build a meropenem population pharmacokinetic model for Chinese elderly through model-based meta-analysis. METHODS: Informations including dosing regimen, sampling times, concentrations, sample size, age, gender, body weight (BW) and creatinine clearance were extracted after the literature were retrieved. The model was built by NONMEM. Stepwise covariate modeling strategy was used for covariates analysis. RESULTS: A two-compartment model was applied to describe meropenem pharmacokinetics. After stepwise covariate modeling, covariates that remained significant in the final model were creatinine clearance (CLcr) on CL and the BW on V

Review and prospect of the 10 th anniversary of the Chinese Journal of Health Policy / 中国卫生政策研究

This paper reviews the development history of the Chinese Journal of Health Policy (CJHP),analyzes articles published in the journal in the past 10 years, briefly summarizes the past practices and achievements, and forecasts the future development of the journal. From October 2008 to September 2018, the journal published a total of 1 547 papers in 120 issues. This paper analyzes the distribution of the topics,the recruitment of contributions,the affiliated institutions of first authors,as well as the proportion of fund papers and the influence factors. The proportion of fund papers published in the journal increased from 41. 03％ in 2008 to 82. 79％ in 2018; and according to CNKI statistics, the compound influence factor in 2017 was 1. 968,the five-year influence factor was 2. 613; and the H index in 2008-2018 was 42. Over the past 10 years, the journal had made great progress, achieved good results and accumulated some experience. Its academic quality has ranked in the forefront of disciplines,has won a good academic reputation,and had been highly recognized by readers and peers. Looking forward to the future,the journal will continue to adhere to the purpose of " spreading policies,researches on policies,and providing support for policymaking",adhere to the goal of establishing high-quality professional academic journals with important influence at home and abroad,and better play the role of high-end academic platform for the dissemination and exchange of health policy research results in China.

The Establishment and operation of Longjing Medical College(龍井醫科大學): The History of Longjing Medical College as Frontier History: Focusing on its ‘Disconnection’ and ‘Continuity’ / 의사학

Longjing Medial College(龍井醫科大學), established in Longjing, Yanbian, China on September 12, 1945, existed for about 1 year and 6 months until it was renamed as the Medical Department of Dongbei Junzheng Daxue Jilin Fenxiao(東北軍政大學吉林分校) in April 1947. However, there are only few records and studies on Longjing Medical College in Yanbian as well as in Korea. In order to fill the gap, this study attempted to restore the history of Longjing Medical College built in Yanbian, China immediately after the liberation. In particular, it analyzed how and why the Longjing Medical College was founded and operated, and which relations the college had with the post-war medical educational institutions, focusing on the ‘disconnection’ and ‘continuity’ in the historical sense. Since the establishment of Manchukuo(滿洲國), the Japanese colonial government had made it a major “frontier” and actively promoted the mass migration of Japanese and Koreans. For them, the government also set up three Exploitation Medical Schools in 1940. As a part of these three institutions, Longjing Exploitation Medical School(龍井開拓醫學院) educated more than 150 students by 1945, of which about one third was Korean. After the liberation, the Longjing Educational Alliance(龍井敎育同盟) decided to pursue the return-movement of the Longjing Exploitation Medical School and took over the institution. On September 12, 1945, Longjing Medical College opened at the school site of Longjing Exploitation Medical School. Longjing Medical College was founded by people who had ‘the perspective of Korean nationality’ in an atmosphere where the ‘ethnicity’ of the Koreans exercised considerable power. Nevertheless, in 1946, when the Chinese Civil War began and the Yanbian region became an important base of the Chinese Communist Party, the Party began to expand and strengthen their influences in the region. Accordingly, the operation rights of Longjing Medical College were transferred to the Yanbian Administrative offices of Supervision(延邊行政督察專員公署) and Government of Jirinsheng(吉林省政府) which were the administrative institution by the Chinese Communist Party in turns. In the end, Longjing Medical College was reorganized into the Medical Department of Dongbei Junzheng Daxue Jilin Fenxiao (1947. 3) and the first branch of the Chinese Medical College (1948. 1), a medical education institution focused on nurturing the medical personnel required for the Chinese Civil War. In January 1949, the first branch moved to Harbin, merged with the second branch there, and was transformed into Harbin Medical College. Afterwards, the Yanbian Koreans played a major role to establish Yanbian Medical College(延邊醫科專門學校) in a basis of the teachers and buildings left by the moving-out of the first branch(1948. 10. 1). Now, Yanbian Medical College is the official body of Yanbian University Medical Center. Longjing Medical College, which has such a complicated history, is partially ‘disconnected’ from the Yanbian medical educational institutions in the post-war era in terms of its possession, operation objective, and academic system. However, many of the early members of the Longjing Medical College were not only teachers and students of the Longjing Exploitation Medical School, but also a few of them continued to teach at the Medical Department of Dongbei Junzheng Daxue Jilin Fenxiao, the first branch of the Chinese Medical College, and Yanbian Medical College. Particularly, several members actively participated in the establishment of each school or in the position of the top leader of the school. Also, all the medical education institutions referred to above used the building and facilities of Longjing Exploitation Medical School until the period of Yanbian Medical College. As such, the history of Longjing Medical College as frontier history, gives us a difficult, but significant question on the meanings of ‘disconnection’ and ‘continuity’ in history and their implications.

Observations on the Efficacy of Mind-regulating and Kidney-reinforcing Acupuncture in Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of mind-regulating and kidney-reinforcing acupuncture in treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Fifty-six patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were randomly allocated to treatment and control groups, 28 cases each. The treatment group received mind-regulating and kidney-reinforcing acupuncture and the control group, conventional acupuncture, for a total of 28 days. The American Connell children’s ADHD behavior diagnostic scale and the Chinese version of ADHD SNAP-IV scale-parent form were used as evaluating indicators. The total efficacy rates were compared between the two groups of patients.Results The total efficacy rate was 96.4% in the treatment group and 71.4% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant pre-/post-treatment differences in the American Connell children’s ADHD behavior diagnostic scale score and the Chinese version of ADHD SNAP-IV scale-parent form score in the two groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant post-treatment differences in the American Connell children’s ADHD behavior diagnostic scale score and the Chinese version of ADHD SNAP-IV scale-parent form score between the treatment and control groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Mind-regulating and kidney-reinforcing acupuncture is an effective way to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Effect of nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine on renal cells apoptosis in CKD rats / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the curative effect of nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine on chronic kidney disease (CKD) ratsand influence on cellular apoptosis.Methods The UUO animal model was adopted.SD male rats were divided into the sham operation group,UUO model group,Chinese medicine low dose group and high dose group.The renal function was measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer,the renal histopathologic change was observed by HE staining,the renal tissue apoptosis rate was observed by TUNEL as well as the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the UUO model group,the levels of serum creatinine(Scr) and urea nitrogen(BUN) in Chinese medicine various doses groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the UUO pathologic observation,renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis,necrosis,exfoliation,inflammatory cells infiltration were found in the model group,the renal damage in the Chinese medicine various doses groups were slighter compared with the UUO group(P＜0.05).The TUNEL method detection showed that the cellular apoptosis number in the UUO group was significantly increased compared with the sham operation group,the Chinese medicine various doses groups could significantly decrease the apoptosis number(P＜0.05).Compared with the UUO model group,the level of Bcl-2 in the Chinese medicine treatment groups was markedly up-regulated,the Bax level was down-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased(P＜0.05).Above results all showed the dose dependent manner.Conclusion The nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine can obviously down-regulate serum Scr and BUN levels,inhibits the renal cells apoptosis in UUO rat and regulates the Bcl-2 and Bax levels.

Effect of nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine on renal cells apoptosis in CKD rats / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the curative effect of nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine on chronic kidney disease (CKD) ratsand influence on cellular apoptosis.Methods The UUO animal model was adopted.SD male rats were divided into the sham operation group,UUO model group,Chinese medicine low dose group and high dose group.The renal function was measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer,the renal histopathologic change was observed by HE staining,the renal tissue apoptosis rate was observed by TUNEL as well as the protein expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the UUO model group,the levels of serum creatinine(Scr) and urea nitrogen(BUN) in Chinese medicine various doses groups were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).In the UUO pathologic observation,renal tubular epithelial cells apoptosis,necrosis,exfoliation,inflammatory cells infiltration were found in the model group,the renal damage in the Chinese medicine various doses groups were slighter compared with the UUO group(P＜0.05).The TUNEL method detection showed that the cellular apoptosis number in the UUO group was significantly increased compared with the sham operation group,the Chinese medicine various doses groups could significantly decrease the apoptosis number(P＜0.05).Compared with the UUO model group,the level of Bcl-2 in the Chinese medicine treatment groups was markedly up-regulated,the Bax level was down-regulated,and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased(P＜0.05).Above results all showed the dose dependent manner.Conclusion The nourishing kidney,activating blood and expelling toxin method Chinese medicine can obviously down-regulate serum Scr and BUN levels,inhibits the renal cells apoptosis in UUO rat and regulates the Bcl-2 and Bax levels.

The reliability and validity of medication dependence questionnaire in migraineurs of the Chinese version / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Objective To evaluate the reliability and validity of a medication dependence questionnaire in mi?graineurs of the Chinese version. Methods One hundred fifteen migraine patients with drug dependence syndrome were included and their clinical data were then collected. All the subjects were interviewed with the medication dependence questionnaire in migraineurs of the Chinese version. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were evaluated ac?cording to test-retest reliability and internal consistency reliability, and the content validity and construct validity respec?tively. Results The test-retest reliability of the questionnaire items was 0.725~1.000 except item 11 (0.558) and item16 (0.443). The internal consistency coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.820, internal consistency coefficient of each di?mension was above 0.7. Every item score was positively correlated with corresponding dimension score (r=0.595~0.962). Seven factors with latent roots greater than 1 could explain 76.3%of total variance, and these factors were relatively pow?erful in related items. Conclusions The medication dependence questionnaire in migraineurs of the Chinese version shows preferable reliability and validity. Thus, this is a promising assessment tool to evaluate the medication dependence in Chinese migraineurs in future clinical practice.

The inspiration of the Chinese clinical medical national licensing examination on the medical educational reform in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The Chinese clinical medical national licensing examination is the profession ad-mittance exam, which is undertake the responsibility of selecting qualified physicians. It also promotes the medical education in China. The standard for examination, the examination content, methods for measuring the Chinese clinical medical national licensing examination as well as the reform and de-velopment, has a certaln guiding role to China's medical education and medical education reform. While reviewing the medical students' performance in the examination, we can discover the weakness in medical education, which is then conducive to the promotion of teaching reform and innovation. The competence based medical licensing examination reform in China, advocating the cultivation of clinical comprehensive ability as the core content to tralning and evaluating, is conducive to continuously im-proving the quality of medical education in China, and to tralning more qualified physicians in the country.

Screening reported mania symptoms by two self-rating questionnaires from outpatients with depressive disorders in a general hospital / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the prevalence of self reposed mania/hypomania symptoms of depressive disorders and the difference between the two self-rating symptoms questionnaires in setting of psychiatric clinic of a general hospital.Methods 102 outpatients who were diagnosed with depressive disorders by ICD-10 in department of psychiatry of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University were continuously investigated and fulfilled the Chinese Version mood disorder questionnaire(CV-MDQ)and the Chinese Version 32 items hypomania check list(CVHCL-32).The positive mania symptoms were elevated with at least seven positive mania items reported by the CVMDQ.The positive hypomania symptoms were elevated with at least fourteen positive hypomania items reported by the CV-HCL-32.Results The internal consistency(Cronbach alpha)of the CV-MDQ was 0.808(95% CI=0.767～0.845,P<0.01).The internal consistency(Cmnbach alpha) of the CV-HCL-32 was 0.916(95% CI=0.898～0.930,P<0.01).11 patients(10.8%) reported positive mania symptoms by the CV-MDQ.14 patients (13.7%)had been reported positive hypomania symptoms through the CV-HCL-32.The ability of discriminating mania or hypomania between the two scales was significantly different(Kappa=0.227,P<0.05).Compared to the patients who were reported negative hypomania symptoms by the CV-HCL-32.the 11 patients with positive hypomania symptoms by the CV-HCL-32 had much earlier age in first episode(35.0 vs 50.5,z=-2.065,P<0.05),much longer months in total disease course(60.0 vs 22.0,z=-2.102,P<0.05)and present episode (12.0 vs 6.0,z=-2.180,P<0.05),and much higher frequency of relapse(2.5 vs 1.0,z=-2.168,P<0.05),but no significant differences at age,gender and education.No significant differences appeared between CV-MDQ positive and negative group.Conclusion Mania or hypomania symptoms may be screened by CV-MDQ and CV-HCL-32 from the outpatients with depressive disorders who are diagnosed by ICD-10 in general hospital.whether CV-HCL-32 is superior to CV-MDQ when screening bipolar Ⅱ disorder is worthly further study.

Study on the quality of life and its influential factors among HIV positive population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the quality of life and its influential factors among HIV positive population. Methods Quality of life was evaluated among 2608 HIV positive population by WHOQOL (Chinese Version) to calculate the total and four domains' scores of quality of life. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between the factors and the scores of the four domains and the total score of quality of life. Results Physical,psychological,social,environmental and the total scores of the HIV positive population were 12.96±1.94,11.79± 1.19,13.79±2.44,12.40±1.93 and 51.02±6.03,respectively. Females had a higher scores than males in the four domains and the total score of quality of life. Through a multiple linear regression model,we found that the influential factors would include gender,age,occupation,family conflict and appetite etc. Conclusion People living with HIV had higher scores in social domain,but lower scores in psychological domain,suggesting that psychological intervention should he strengthened.

On the Cultivation of Medical University Students' Intercultural Awareness in English Teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Cultural teaching not only can improve the interest of collage students' learning English,but also can make them master the language and communicate with it properly.Medical collage English teachers should make efforts to cultivate the students' intercultural awareness,make them know the difference between the Chinese medical culture and the western one,clear up the cultural bias,take in the essence of western medical culture and promote the communication between the Chinese medical culture and the western culture.

The development and reform of an undergraduate curriculum in orthopaedic surgery at the Chinese University of Hong Kong / 中华创伤骨科杂志

The development and reform of teaching curriculum is an esse ntial part of various specialties in modern academic medicine at various levels. The curriculum for undergraduate orthopaedic teaching has been neglected before and resulted in teaching shortcomings at some medical schools. Since musculoske letal problems account for 6.5% to 27% of patients attending non-specialist physicians in general practices, orthopaedics should remain an important subjec t in undergraduate medical education. This paper outlines the development and re form, educational objectives, and the framework of the orthopaedic curriculum an d its contents. We also discuss methods of curricular delivery, including integr ation of new technology and assessment of the impact of the curriculum. Curricul ar development in orthopaedics is relevant to the general practice community in Hong Kong, and future developments with respect to an Integrated Medical Curricu lum and Hong Kong society are envisaged.

Study of the Reform and Development of the Five-Year Undergraduate Major of the Chinese Traditional Medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

There exist the problems of the aim orientation and the course organization in the five-year undergraduate discipline of Chinese traditional medicine in our university.Therefore we put forward the thinking of the reform development of our major.That is to strengthen the comprehensive study of the organization of the curriculum,enhance the management level of the major courses,construct comprehensively the teaching system of the basic courses, create the teaching system of the undergraduate curriculum of the Chinese traditional medicine and cultivate the talents with high quality and strong ability to apply theory to practice.

Reliability and Validity of Chinese Morphed Emotional Expressions Recognition Test for Partial College Students / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese Morphed Emotional Expressions Recognition Test.Methods: The Chinese Morphed Emotional Expressions Recognition Test and the Calder Morphed Emotional Expressions Recognition Test were administered to 57 college students.39 college students were administered the Chinese Morphed Emotional Expressions Recognition Test twice.Results: The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were 0.728 and 0.715(P

An Investigation on the Impression of the Chinese People on Chinese Urban Children / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To study the impression of Chinese people on Chinese urban children, their main source of information about the Chinese people, and the infvuence of age, school, and gender upon their evaluation. Methods: 383 Chinese urban children ranging from 5 to 12 years were interviewed individually or investigated with the questionnaire. Results: Most of the children reported that the Chinese were happy, clean, peaceful, clever, hardworking, kind and nice. However, the urban children's positive impression of the Chinese people was decreased with their growing up. The study also found that children's information on the Chinese people was mainly in order from television, newspapers, books and cartoons, parents, classmates, friends and teachers, and radio, and that the information source became increasingly diversificed with age. No significant difference in gender and between two schools was found. Conclusion: Chinese urban children had a positive impression of Chinese people, and they had a preference and identity for Chinese people . Mass media were the main source of information.

A Study of the Quality of Sleep and the Quality of Life in the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces of Guangdong Province / 中国临床心理学杂志

Objective: To study the quality of sleep and the quality of life in the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces of Guangdong province. Methods: By random unitary sampling, the PSQI Scale and the WHOQOL-BREF Scale were used in 1170 people of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces in Guangdong province. Results: The total score of the quality of sleep in the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces of Guangdong province was 6.73?3.13. The scores of physiological, psychological, social, and environmental domains of the quality of life for the good-sleepers were higher than that of the ordinary-sleepers and the bad-sleepers. The scores of the four domains of the quality of life were correlated with the scores of PSQI negatively. Conclusion: The quality of sleep could influence the quality of life.

Treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency with a modified pharyngngeal flap / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the a feasibility of modified pharyngoplasty in the treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency.Methods:30 cases of velopharyngeal insufficiency were treated with a modified pharyngoplasty followed by speech training.The effects of the treatment were evaluated by blowing test (BT),chinese articulation inteligibility test (CIT) and hypernasality observation(HO).Results:Before and after treatment BT was 1～26 and 8～40,CIT(%) 20～60 and 47～82,HO(cases) 30 and 3,respectively.Conclusions:The modified pharyngoplastic surgery is feasible in the treatment of velophayngeal insufficiency.

People-oriented:the Fundamental Value of Chinese Medical Ethics / 中国医学伦理学

People-oriented is the fundamental value of Chinese medical ethics.It is the most important ideological foundation and the most prominent features of the humanities of traditional Chinese medical ethics for its content of philosophy,humanity and sociology.A series of medical ethics incident alerts us that if we violate the scientific concept of "people-oriented" and neglect the requirements of medical ethics and professional ethics training,the development of medicine will lose its orientation,and even depart from the fundamental tenet of people-oriented.

RHD genotyping for the Chinese / 中国输血杂志

Objective To establish a RHD genotyping method specific for the Chinese. Methods Six pairs of primers specific for most alleles found in the Chinese according to the records in NCBI GenBank, were designed, and a multi-tube sequence-specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) method was established with a pair of internal control primer in each reaction. The method was evaluated with samples serologically determined and full length RHD sequenced from 89 Rh-negative, 28 D el, and 13 Rh-positive, weak D and partial D phenotype of Chinese Hans. Furthermore, 318 random samples from blood donors were genotyped and the results were compared with serological results of those samples. Results The PCR-SSP results were in concordance with serological results (100%) in all samples, and all RHD positive, D antigen negative alleles (or nonfunctional alleles) observed in the Chinese up to now could be detected or implicated, including D el phenotype especially D el allele existing in Rh-positive individuals (RHD/RHD1227A). This genotype was detected with a rate of 8/318, and allele frequency should be 0.012579 Conclusion Our method is rapid and easy, with high accuracy in the testing of the Chinese.