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Objective To explore the relationship between training burnout, sleep quality and heat regulation response, severe heatstroke in people performed 5-km armed cross-country training. Methods 600 male officers and soldiers who participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in summer from 2017 to 2018 were enrolled. All trainees participated in 5-km armed cross-country training in environment with ambient temperature > 32 ℃ and (or) humidity > 65%. They were divided into two groups according to whether severe heatstroke occurred during 5-km armed cross-country training. The age, military age, body mass index (BMI), physical fitness score, external environment (such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, heat index), training burnout score and Pittsburgh sleep quality index scale (PSQI) score, heart rate (HR), core temperature (Tc), sweating volume and serum Na+, K+, Cl- levels were compared between the groups. The risk factors of severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training were screened by binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results There were 26 cases of severe heatstroke in 600 trainees who participated in 5-km armed cross-country training, with an incidence of 4.33%. There was no significant difference in age, military age, BMI, physical fitness score and external environment of 5-km armed cross-country training between people with or without severe heatstroke. Compared with those without severe heatstroke, the dimensions of training burnout and the total average scores of training burnout of severe heatstroke personnel before 5-km armed cross-country training were increased significantly (physical and mental exhaustion score: 12.4±2.5 vs. 9.4±3.5, training alienation score: 8.8±2.8 vs. 5.8±2.3, low sense of achievement score: 8.2±2.7 vs. 5.6±2.3, total score of training burnout: 9.8±3.2 vs. 6.9±3.2, all P < 0.01), all factors except daytime dysfunction (DD) of PSQI and total PSQI score were also increased significantly [sleep quality (SQ) score: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 1.0), fall asleep time (SL) score: 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) vs. 1.0 (1.0, 1.0), sleep time (SH) score: 1.0 (0.8, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 1.0), sleep efficiency (SE) score: 1.0 (0, 1.0) vs. 0 (0, 0.8), sleep disorder (SD) score: 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 2.0), total PSQI score: 1.0 (1.0, 2.0) vs. 1.0 (0, 1.0), all P < 0.01], HR was increased significantly at onset (bpm: 120.00±10.57 vs. 86.49±14.91, P < 0.01), Tc was increased significantly (℃: 41.46±0.57 vs. 37.97±0.83, P < 0.01), serum electrolyte contents were decreased significantly [Na+ (mmol/L): 130.54±5.97 vs. 143.15±10.56, K+ (mmol/L): 3.72±0.44 vs. 4.37±0.50, Cl- (mmol/L):97.58±4.80 vs. 102.10±2.39, all P < 0.01], and the amount of sweat during training was increased significantly (g: 395.81±16.16 vs. 371.88±40.76, P < 0.01). Binary multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that total score of training burnout [odd ratio (OR) = 0.653, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.563-0.757], total PSQI score (OR =0.693, 95%CI = 0.525-0.916), HR (OR = 0.871, 95%CI = 0.838-0.908), Tc (OR = 0.088, 95%CI = 0.043-0.179), sweating volume (OR = 0.988, 95%CI = 0.979-0.997), Na+ (OR = 1.112, 95%CI = 1.069-1.158), K+ (OR = 13.900, 95%CI = 5.343-36.166), Cl- (OR = 1.393, 95%CI = 1.252-1.550) were independent risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Increase in training burnout, total PSQI score, excessive changes of body heat regulation response and excessive loss of Na+, K+, Cl- in serum are independent risk factors for severe heatstroke during 5-km armed cross-country training under the same conditions with high temperature and humidity environment.
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Objective To explore the effect of group mind-games and group counseling on training burnout among soldiers who quickly marched to the plateau for the first time .Methods Totally 399 soldiers who quickly marched to the plateau for the first time were divided randomly into to the control group ( n=201 ) and test group ( n=198 ) .The test group had particinated in group mind-games and psychological counseling twice a week for a total of 5 weeks, while the control group received no counseling .Soldier training fatigue questionnairs were used to compare the difference between the two groups before and after group mind-games and psychological counseling .Results ①The total scores of training burnout and the scores of all the factors of soldiers before counseling in the two groups was of no statistical significance (P>0.05). After counseling , the total scores of training burnout and the scores of all factors in test group were remarkably lower than those in control group,and the difference was of statistical significance (P<0.05).The total scores of training burnout and the scores of physical and psychologica exhaustion and alienaties decreased significantly after training in test group ( P<0.05), but the change was of no statistical significance in control group (P>0.05).②Soldiers who had served 1 to 2 years or over 9 years had significant difference in the scores of training burnout , physical and psychologica exhaustion ( P<0.05).Soldiers who had served 3 to 8 years had significant difference in the scores of training and the scores of each factor after counseling(P<0.05).Conclusion Group mind-games and psychological counseling can effectively help alleviate the training burnout of soldiers who quickly march to the plateau for the first time.
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Objective To explore the relationships between training burnout , body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and blood lipids of soldiers .Methods A total of 140 soldiers stationed in Xinjiang who had received intensive behavioral stress training before entering the plateau ( referred to as the "great intensity training") were studied by the integrated method of a questionnaire survey with test in situ .The questionnaire was a self-compiled soldiers′training burnout questionnaire ,in which BMI , FPG, and blood lipids were the observation indices .The relationships between the indices and training burnout were analyzed by linear regression analysis .Results The total score of training burnout and scores of training alienation among soldiers were significantly increased after high intensity training (P<0.01).While the values of FPG, TC, TG and BMI among soldiers were significantly decreased after high intensity training (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total scores of training burnout and score of training alienation among overweight soldiers were significantly compared to higher than those who had normal BMI (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of FPG were significantly increased those who had low levels of FPG (P<0.01).And the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of cholesterol were significantly higher than those of soldiers who had low levels of cholesterol (P<0.01).Regres-sion analysis showed that there was a linear regression relationship between physical and mental exhaustion , training aliena-tion on one hand, and BMI, FPG, total cholesterol (TC),and triglycerides (TG) on the other hand among soldiers before and after intensive training (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion Physical and mental exhaustion are important influencing factors of FPG and TC, while training alienation is an important influencing factor of TC and TG .
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Objective To explore the relationships between training burnout , body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and blood lipids of soldiers .Methods A total of 140 soldiers stationed in Xinjiang who had received intensive behavioral stress training before entering the plateau ( referred to as the "great intensity training") were studied by the integrated method of a questionnaire survey with test in situ .The questionnaire was a self-compiled soldiers′training burnout questionnaire ,in which BMI , FPG, and blood lipids were the observation indices .The relationships between the indices and training burnout were analyzed by linear regression analysis .Results The total score of training burnout and scores of training alienation among soldiers were significantly increased after high intensity training (P<0.01).While the values of FPG, TC, TG and BMI among soldiers were significantly decreased after high intensity training (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total scores of training burnout and score of training alienation among overweight soldiers were significantly compared to higher than those who had normal BMI (P<0.05, P<0.01).After high intensity training, the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of FPG were significantly increased those who had low levels of FPG (P<0.01).And the total score of training burnout and scores of physical and mental exhaustion and training alienation among soldiers that had high levels of cholesterol were significantly higher than those of soldiers who had low levels of cholesterol (P<0.01).Regres-sion analysis showed that there was a linear regression relationship between physical and mental exhaustion , training aliena-tion on one hand, and BMI, FPG, total cholesterol (TC),and triglycerides (TG) on the other hand among soldiers before and after intensive training (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion Physical and mental exhaustion are important influencing factors of FPG and TC, while training alienation is an important influencing factor of TC and TG .
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Objective To investigate the intermediary and regulating effect of self?esteem on per?ceived stress and training burnout among accelerated plateau soldiers. Methods A total of 700 accelerated plateau soldiers were investigated which were chosen by a random cluster sampling method,and assessed by the Perceived Stress Scale, Self?esteem Scale and Self?compiled Soldiers' Training Burnout Questionnaire. Results ( 1) The total score of training burnout,the score of physical and mental exhaustion and the score of training alienated among soldiers who had a history of training injury (27.85±5.80,14.89±3.46 and 6.89± 2.26,respectively) were significantly higher than those of soldiers who didn't have a history of training injury (25.05±5.12,12.68±3.25 and 6.16±2.78,respectively),and the differences were significant ( t= 4.321, 5.764,2.825,all P<0.01). The total score of training burnout,the score of physical and mental exhaustion and the score of training alienated among soldiers who had a high training expectation were higher than those of soldiers who didn't have a high training expectation,and the differences were significant (P<0.01). (2) Among accelerated plateau soldiers,training burnout showed significantly positive correlation with perceived stress ( r=0.323, P<0.01),and significantly negative correlation with self?esteem ( r=-0.409, P<0.01). (3) The intermediary role of self?esteem between perceived stress and training burnout was remarkable (P<0.01) ,which accounted for 33.8% of the total effect,and self?esteem also had a regulating effect (P<0.05) . Conclusion Radical plateau soldiers have remarkable differences due to the history of training injury or training expectations,and self?esteem has partial intermediary and regulating effect between perceived stress and training burnout.
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Objective To explore the relationship between high altitude de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau-garrisoned soldiers after returning to the plain.Methods A total of 140 plateau-garrisoned soldiers who had returned to the plain were chosen by random cluster sampling and measured with the Training Burnout Test.They were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of acute mountain sickness.We compared the differences in training burnout between the two groups and analyzed the relationship between acute mountain sickness and training burnout. Results ①The incidence of high altitude de-adaptation syndrome of plateau-garrisoned soldiers was 80.00% after returning to the plain.There was statistically significant difference between plateau soldiers after returning to the plain,the plateau stability-keeping forces that returned to the plain (78.36%) (χ2 =0.188, P=0.664) and plateau migrants who returned to the plain (75.10%) (χ2 =1.279, P=0.258).Main symptoms of high altitude de-adaptation were fatigue (12.86%), dizziness (11.43%) and meakness (10.00%).②Compared with soldiers who had no high altitude de-adaptation syndrome, victims of de-adaptation syndrome had higher scores of training burnout, physical and psychological exhaustion and training-alienation (P<0.01).Compared with soldiers who had normal body mass indexes, those who were overweight had higher incidence of altitude de-adaptation (P<0.05).③The regression equation between plateau de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau soldiers after returning to the plain (P<0.01) is:Training burnout =0.498 ×plateau de-adaptation syndrome -0.126 ×age+0.038 ×length of military service +0.069 ×educational degree+0.029 ×body mass index.Conclusion There exist correlations between high altitude de-adaptation syndrome and training burnout of plateau soldiers after returning to the plain.Reducing the occurrence of high altitude de-adaptation syndrome can help reduce the degree of training burnout.
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Objective To develop recruits training burnout self-reported questionnaires, and test the reliability and validity.Methods 780 recruits(360 for first test ,420 for second test) in Xinjiang were randomly assesscd with training burnout self-reported questionnaires.Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to the data, and tested the reliability and validity of recruits training burnout self-reported questionnaires.Results The questionnaires consisted of 13 items and 3 dimensions.One of the dimensions (physically and psychologically exhausted situation, training-alienation, low accomplishment) , explained 61.599％ of the total variance.Cronbach's α coefficient of the whole questionnaire was 0.837, Cronbach's α coefficient of each partial scale were between 0.775 and 0.807.Split-half reliability of the whole scale reached to 0.817, split-half reliability of each partial were between 0.758 and 0.793.The correlation coefficient among each dimensions were 0.267 to 0.569 (P＜0.01) ,and the coefficient between each dimensions and the total score were between 0.671 and 0.857(P＜0.01).Confirmatory factor analysis showed that three factor model was optimal (GFI =0.935, AGFI =0.902, NFI =0.907, CFI =0.936, IFI =0.935, RMSEA =0.050).The three dimensions and the total questionnaire had significant positive correlations with mental stress (r=-0.215--0.313, P＜ 0.01) and significant negative correlations with depression(r=0.319-0.602, P＜0.01).Conclusion The recruits training burnout self-reported questionnaires meets the requirements of psychological surveying, and could be used to text recruits training burnout.