Awareness of malocclusion and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria

Objective: Malocclusion affects aesthetics, the physical, psychological and social life of a person. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of malocclusion and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 68 final year (sixty-eight) trainee dental surgery technicians in Nigeria. The research instrument was a self-administered close ended questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. P value (P<0.05) was regarded as significant. Results: Sixty-one (89.7%) of the respondents were females, while 7 (10.3%) were males. Fifty-seven (83.8%) have heard of the term malalignment of teeth, 53 (77.9%) of the students think malalignment is due to external habits. 61 (89.7%) are aware that few teeth may have to be removed for proper positioning of irregular teeth and 51 (75.0%) were aware that the irregular teeth can be corrected even after 40 years of age. More females were aware of malocclusion and had positive attitude towards orthodontic procedures when compared to the males, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).Conclusion. Majority of the respondents in this study were aware of the term malalignment and had positive attitude towards orthodontic treatment. More females constituted the study population.

Effects of Psychoeducation Program on Insight and Treatment Attitudes in Patients with Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, and Schizoaffective Disorder / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to confirm effectiveness of psychoeducation program on insight and treatment attitudes in patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder and schizoaffective disorder. METHODS: Seventy eight psychotic patients who were diagnosed as schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition Text Revision (DSM-IV TR) were included. Subjects who decline more than 30% compared with baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores participated in psychoeducation program. Insight and Treatment Attitudes Questionnaire (ITAQ) and Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI) were assessed at pre-psychoeducation, post-psychoeducation and 2 months after discharge to estimate insight and treatment attitudes. RESULTS:There were significant improvement in ITAQ and DAI scores at post-psychoeducation and 2 months after discharge. Increase in DAI scores related with high ITAQ scores at post-psychoeducation. Small changes in PANSS scores and ITAQ scores at post-psychoeducation had positive relationship. Subjects of late onset of illness and female took better ITAQ and DAI scores after psychoeducation. CONCLUSION: This study showed that psychoeducation program would be effective for insight and treatment attitudes in patients with schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, and schizoaffective disorder.

Hepatic trauma \ufffd?determinants to treatment attitude in Viet Duc hospital

Background: Hepatic trauma is the second injury of closed abdominal injury, but it is the leading cause of death. The most of hepatic trauma due to closed abdominal injury caused by traffic accident. Objectives: To assess determinants to treatment attitude of hepatic trauma patients treated in Viet Duc hospital. Subjects and method: A cross-section descriptive study was conducted on 157 patients with closed abdominal injury (118 male, 39 female), was diagnosed with hepatic trauma, treated in Viet Duc hospital from January, 2004 to April, 2006. Results: The average age of patients were 28.9\xb113 for male, 28.8\xb112 for female. The common occupations were farmers (35.7%), workers (14.6%), no professional 14.6% and other jobs (35.1%). Combined injuries included: cranial trauma (9.6%), facial trauma (10.2%), chest trauma (17.2%), major bone trauma (7.6%). 19.7% patients with combined injuries were operated. 130 patients with hepatic trauma (82.2%) was detected by ultrasound, 1 patient with splenic trauma combined hepatic repture. The differences between shock of admission, level of hepatic trauma and the amount of blood in abdominal CT scans to treatment attitude were having a statistically significant with p<0.001, p<0.001 and p=0.005, respective. Conclusion: Recently, the treatment attitudes with hepatic trauma patients have more changed. Hemodynamic stability, clinical close monitoring, excluding combined injuries required surgery and assessing injuries by CT scans are important factors to indicate conservation therapy for hepatic trauma. Conservation therapy is safe and effective in the treatment of hepatic trauma in Viet Duc hospital.