Advances in the development of covalent small molecule inhibitors of monoacylglycerol lipase / 生物工程学报

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) is a serine hydrolase that plays a major role in the degradation of endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol. The role of MGL in some cancer cells has been confirmed, where inhibition of the MGL activity shows inhibition on cell proliferation. This makes MGL a promising drug target for the treatment of cancer. Recently, the development of covalent inhibitors of MGL has developed rapidly. These drugs have strong covalent binding ability, high affinity, long duration, low dose and low risk of drug resistance, so they have received increasing attention. This article introduces the structure and function of MGL, the characteristics, mechanisms and progress of covalent MGL inhibitors, providing reference for the development of novel covalent small molecule inhibitors of MGL.

Quality of life of head and neck cancer patients before and after cancer-directed treatment – A longitudinal study

Context: Head-and-neck cancer (HNC) is a major health problem worldwide and even disproportionately bigger in India. Their diagnosis and treatment create severe impact on the quality of life (QOL). We chose to study such patients because we were already reporting these cancers to the Indian Council of Medical Research as part of project titled “Pattern of care and survival studies.” Aims: The aim of the study is to assess and compare QOL of H and N cancer patients before and after the completion of cancer-directed treatment (CDT). Settings and Design: The present study was a hospital-based study conducted in the tertiary care hospital of Jammu with longitudinal study design. Subjects and Methods: All newly diagnosed HNC patients registered with the Department of Radiotherapy and ENT on inpatient or outpatient basis were included over a period of 6 months. Each patient was followed for 4–6 weeks after the completion of CDT. QOL was assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ C30) (general) and EORTC QLQ H and N-35 (specific) questionnaires. Statistical Analysis: Paired t-test was calculated to compare pre- and postmean scores. Pre- and post-Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient was also calculated. Results: The most frequent site was larynx followed by the oral cavity. Regarding both EORTC QLQ C-30 questionnaire and Global health status and EORTC H and N-35 specific questionnaires, the mean scores across all domains showed worsening of QoL from their baseline. The worsening was more severe in emotional function (functional scale), while physical, cognitive, and social functions were comparatively less affected. Pain, swallowing, speech, and mouth problems were most worsened. Conclusions: QoL showed worsening after CDT in all domains due to acute and subacute adverse effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy in treatment course

Development of Improved Version of Quality of Life Assessment Instrument for Lung Cancer Patients Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (QLASTCM-Lu) / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To develop an improved version of the Quality-of-Life Assessment instrument for Lung Cancer Patients Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (QLASTCM-Lu) and to evaluate its psychometric property.@*METHODS@#The structured group method and the theory in developing rating scale were employed to revise the preliminary scale. The psychometric property (reliability, validity, and responsiveness) of the established QLASTCM-Lu (modified) were evaluated by quality of life data measured in 100 lung cancer patients. Statistical analyses were made accordingly by way of correlation analysis, factor analysis and paired t-test.@*RESULTS@#The internal consistency reliability of the overall scale and all domains was from 0.80 to 0.94. Correlation and factor analyses demonstrated that the scale was good in construct validity. The criterion validity was formed with European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Quality of Life Questionnaire-Lung Cancer (EORTC QLQ-LC43) as the criterion. Statistically significant changes were found apart from such domain as "mental condition" and "social function", with the standardized response means being close to those of QLQ-LC43.@*CONCLUSION@#QLASTCM-Lu (modified) could be used to measure the quality of life of lung cancer patients with good reliability, validity and a certain degree of responsiveness.

Compreendendo as experiências vividas pelos familiares cuidadores frente ao paciente oncológico / Understanding the lived experiences by family caregivers front oncology patient

O câncer é uma das principais causas de morte no mundo. Frente a uma doença complexa e multideterminada como essa, o auxílio ao paciente e o seu tratamento exigem várias intervenções, revelando-se o cuidado como componente essencial para ambos. Com finalidade de qualificar a assistência na oncologia, o amparo aos entes dos pacientes torna-se fundamental, apontando as necessidades que esses encaram, e compreendendo a maneira de como auxiliar no atendimento a essas necessidades, criando a possibilidade de saná-las. Objetivo: Diante do contexto evidenciado, o objetivo do estudo foi desenhado para compreender a experiência vivida em relação ao diagnóstico e ao tratamento do câncer na percepção do familiar cuidador, bem como conhecer o que a literatura vem apresentando sobre o tema. Método: Revisão integrativa de literatura, artigos disponíveis nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, BDENF, SciELO, The Cochrane Library, com os descritores Família ou family, Oncologia ou oncology, Terapia familiar ou family therapy, em português, inglês ou espanhol, do ano de 2011 a 2015. Resultados: Foram selecionados 11 artigos que foram organizados de acordo com as categorias Principais sentimentos apresentados pelos cuidadores diante do diagnóstico e acompanhamento, Dificuldades no tratamento do paciente, e Artifícios para enfrentamento das dificuldades vivenciadas. Conclusão: A partir da análise da produção acadêmica, observa-se a carência de estudos que enfoquem o desenvolvimento de programas que visem a melhoria da saúde dos cuidadores.(AU)

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Faced with a complex and multifactorial disease like this, the aid to the patient and their treatment requires multiple interventions, revealing the essential component carefully. In order to qualify for assistance in oncology, the support to love of patients is fundamental in identifying the needs that they face, and how to help meet those needs, with the possibility of remedy them. Objective: Given the evidenced context, the objective of the study was designed to understand the experience in dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, in the perception of caregivers, and know what the literature has shown on the subject. Methodology: Articles literature integrative review available in the databases LILACS, MEDLINE, CINAHL, BDENF, SciELO, The Cochrane Library, with Família or family descriptors, oncologia or oncology, Terapia familiar or family therapy in Portuguese, English or Spanish, in the year 2011 to 2015. Results: We selected 11 articles that have been arranged according to the categories Major feelings presented by caregivers before the diagnosis and monitoring, Difficulties in patient care, and devices to cope with the difficulties experienced. Conclusion: From the analysis of academic literature, there is a lack of studies that focus on the development of programs aimed at improving the health of caregivers.(AU)

Research on the applications of wireless analgesic system in anesthesiology department / 中国医学装备

Objective:The effect of Wireless Analgesia System for the patients with postoperative pain, chronic pain and cancer pain in Anesthesiology Department will be discussed in this article. Methods:With the wireless signal being sent from the analgesia terminal transmitter to the base station of analgesia control, the analgesia pump can be connected with wireless analgesia terminal. Drugs can be delivered persistently or intermittently to keep the plasma concentration in an appropriate level according the vested parameters from the wireless system of analgesic delivering. Results:The information from the patients in the process of analgesia can be processed and saved by the system. According to the information of running and alarm displaying at the monitoring station, the analgesia records can be kept automatically. Conclusion:The satisfaction degrees on analgesia treatment can be improved, and the burden of work for anesthesiologists can be lessened as well, which improve the quality of medical services and promote the development of informatization in anesthesiology department.

Value of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables in predicting recurrence and progression for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To Validate the prognostic significance of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in Chinese patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Methods According to the scoring standard of the EORTC system, 225 NMIBC patients were reviewed and divided into 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk groups for recurrence and progression respectively. The probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year and 5 year for each group were calculated using life-table analysis and then compared with the EORTC risk tables. Log-Rank test and multivariable analysis were used to analyze the possible differences between risk groups and to find independent prognostic factors. Results For low (n= 32, 25), intermediate (n=109, 128) and high (n=84, 72) risk groups, the probabilities of recurrence and progression at 1 year were 15. 1%, 31.2%, 55.5% and 0. 3%, 2. 0%, 15.5% respectively. The probabilities at 5 year were 28. 2%, 55.2%, 75.0% and 1.4%, 12.9%, 54. 7%. All the results were similar to that of EORTC tables except the probability of progression at 5 year for the high progression risk group.The differences between different risk groups were significant (P＜0.01). In a multivariable analysis for recurrence and progression, the EORTC scores had independent significance (P＜0.01). Conclusions EORTC risk tables could stratify NMIBC patients effectively according to the risk of recurrence and progression. It could be a useful tool for Chinese urologists.

Clinical evaluation of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) risk tables in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in Chinese patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the data from 185 patients with non-muscle invaaive urothelial bladder cancer from January 2003 to February 2009. Among the 185 patients, 128 patients were stage Ta compared with 57 patients who were stage T1. There were 87, 53 and 45 patients with grade G1, G2 and G3 respectively. Transurethral resection of the bladder tumor was performed on all the patients and all the patients received routine post-operative intravesical instillation. A telephone interview follow-up was conducted on all the patients, and the average follow-up period was 36 months. EORTC risk tables were used to calculate risk scores for recurrence and progression for each patient. The recurrence and progression rates of different risk groups were recorded and compared with the estimated rates by EORTC risk table. Statistical analysis was used for comparison. ResultsTotal 1-year recurrence rate and progression rate for these patients were 25.9% and 3.8% respectively. According to calculated values of the patients, the 1-year recurrence rates of Group 0, Group 1-4, Group 5-9, Group 10-17 were 10.4%(5/48), 21. 5%(14/65), 35. 2% (19/54), 55.6%(10/18), respectively. The 1-year progression rates of Group 0, Group 2-6, Group 7-13, Group 14-23 were 0% (0/43), 1.5% (1/67), 6. 7% (4/60), 13. 3% (2/15). There was no significant difference between the real rates and estimated rates of the EORTC risk tables (P＞0. 05). However,the 1-year recurrence and progression rates between the low risk group, the medium risk group and the high risk group showed significant differences respectively (P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusions The EORTC risk tables are feasible to evaluate the recurrence and progression risk of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer in the present cohort. Nevertheless, the long term value and feasibility need more research to confirm.