RESUMEN
Purpose: To study the clinical and demographic profile of patients less than 40 years of age presenting to glaucoma services including the reasons for referral. Methods: Patients in the age group of 5 to 39 years, visiting the glaucoma clinic, who were either suspected to have glaucoma or who had been newly/previously diagnosed with glaucoma were included in the study. After informed written consent, basic demographic details of the participants including age, gender, education, socioeconomic status, and family history were obtained. A comprehensive ophthalmological evaluation was performed by glaucoma specialists. Results: The proportion of glaucoma in the study population (n = 384) was found to be 31.25%, and the incidence of glaucoma among new patients was found to be 11.9%. Among all glaucomas (n = 120), 44.2% of patients had secondary glaucomas, 27.5% had primary glaucomas, and 28.3% had congenital glaucomas. Also, 67.3% of all glaucoma patients were males. Newly diagnosed glaucoma patients presented with a mean intraocular pressure (IOP) of 32.9 mmHg and mild–moderate disc damage with a mean cup?disc ratio of 0.65. Nearly one?third of them had a presenting visual acuity worse than 5/60. The most common reason for referral was raised IOP. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of developing glaucoma were less in females (P = 0.04) and in patients with a higher standard of living index (P < 0.001). Conclusion: One?third of the patients had glaucoma and another one?third were suspects. Secondary glaucomas are more common than primary/congenital glaucomas. A comprehensive eye evaluation is a must, especially in those with predisposing factors.
RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Contralateral jugular lymph node metastasis (CJLNM) of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is rarely found during operative procedures. HoweverPTC is being diagnosed with increasing frequency and lymph node metastasis is now recognized as a factor of prognosis and recurrence. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the clinical and histological characteristics of papillary thyroid cancer and to determine the factors that lead to CJLNM. METHODS: Two-hundred patients with PTC were treated in our hospital between March 2005 and October 2006. A retrospective analysis of the patient's clinical and histological features and lymph node metastasis was conducted. RESULTS: The total ratio of CJLNM to PTC was approximately 7.5%, the male to female ratio was 1:6.5, and the mean tumor size was 14.93 mm. In addition, the multiplicity was 53.3% and the bilatrality was 53.3%. Further, there were 4 cases involving benign thyroid disease combined with goiter. In addition, the capsule invasion was 100%. Age under 40 years, bilaterality and capsule invasion were found to be significant clinicopathologic factors of CJLNM induced by PTC. CONCLUSION: A contralateral jugular lymph node biopsy of PTC may be considered in cases involving patients under 40 years of age with, bilaterality and capsular invasion.