Upper face rejuvenation using botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid fillers.

The demand for facial rejuvenation is increasing, with each passing day, in all age groups. A number of procedures like chemical peels, microdermabrasion, laser and light therapies, and minimally invasive procedures like botulinum toxin injections (BTX A) and hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are being extensively used by the dermatologist and plastic surgeons to meet this growing demand. A good knowledge of use of these techniques is becoming imperative for the dermatologist. In the present article, we discuss in detail the use of botulinum toxin injections and hyaluronic acid fillers for rejuvenation of upper face. Special emphasis has been placed on the complications associated with treatment of each area and on how to manage the same.

A study on the antero-posterior morphology of the upper face in angle's Class III malocclusion patients / 대한치과교정학회지

To find out the antero-posterior morphology of the upper face in Angle's class III malocclusion patients, 90 patients, adults in Hellman's Dental age, were used as samples and following results were obtained after the relative comparision of antero-posterior relationship of upper facial structures between Angle's class I malocclusion patients and Angle's class III malocclusion patients and of antero-posterior size of upper facial structures to horizontal and vertical structures in each patients. 1. After comparison of the distance from PMV line to anterior margin of maxillary sinus and cheek, which determines the antero-posterior position of the upper face, upper face in Angle's class III patients are underdeveloped relative to Angle's class I patients. The distance between orbitale and anterior margin of maxillary sinus were greater in Angle's class I patients, whic implies thart the upper face in Angle's class III are depressed. 2. Antero-posterior dimension of anterior cranial base from PMV line and vertical dimension of upper face are statistically insignificant between two groups. After comparing antero-posterior position of upper face to anterior cranial base, the upper face in Angle's class III patients are depressed antero-posteriorly in relation to anterior cranial base. Following the comparision of antero-posterior position of upper face in relation to vertical dimension of upper face, the upper face in Angle's class III patients seem to be narrow antero-posteriorly