RESUMEN
@#Abstract：In recent years，the outbreak and prevalence of respiratory infectious diseases in the world seriously endanger human health，among which the respiratory infectious diseases caused by viral infection account for a large proportion. The use of vaccines and common antiviral drugs is an effective way to fight viral infection，but there are also problems such as lag and drug resistance. Monoclonal antibodies against respiratory viral infections provide a new strategy for clinical treatment. This paper reviews the development of monoclonal antibody against respiratory virus and its application in respiratory viral infectious diseases. Keywords：Respiratory viral infectious diseases；Respiratory syncytial virus（RSV）；Influenza virus（IFV）；Coronavirus （CoV）；Monoclonal antibody
RESUMEN
La fiebre Mayaro es una arbovirosis aguda que ocasiona un compromiso articular incapacitante. Se identificó por primera vez en Venezuela en un brote epidémico familiar de la región de Barlovento en el edo. Miranda en el año 2000. Los estudios clínicoepidemiológicos y la determinación etiológica identificaron al alfavirus Mayaro como responsable de la enfermedad. Se ha identificado en varias naciones del continente americano, resaltándose su aparición en casos esporádicos y brotes epidémicos, siendo su presentación selvática y rural. Los vectores responsables de la infección son los mosquitos del género Haemagogus. Mayaro es la cuarta arbovirosis de importancia médica descrita en Venezuela, la primera identificada fue la fiebre amarilla, seguida de la encefalitis equina venezolana, el dengue y la quinta el chikungunya, ya que recorrió la geografía nacional como epidemia en 2014. Mediante una revisión de la bibliografía médica disponible y la colaboración de estudiantes del curso regular de Medicina Tropical, siguiendo el programa Docencia en Medicina Tropical centrada en el estudiante se actualizaron los aspectos clínicos, epidemiológicos, etiopatogénicos, diagnósticos, terapéuticos y preventivos de esta enfermedad infecciosa viral. Como su aparición es esporádica y de predominio selvático, debe ser considerada cuando se atienden pacientes con síndrome febril agudo con compromiso articular, sean residentes o viajeros procedentes de áreas endémicas. Por considerar que se mantiene en un ciclo enzoótico en la naturaleza, su prevención debe ser claramente definida.
Mayaro fever is an acute mosquito-borne viral infectious disease that produces disabling joint involvement. It was identified for the first time in Venezuela the year 2000 in a family outbreak in the region of Barlovento of the Miranda State. Clinical and epidemiological studies permitted to identify the Mayaro Alphavirus as responsible for the disease. The virus has been identified in several countries of the American continent, the clinical presentation being as sporadic cases, clusters and outbreaks in the rural and forest areas. Being a mosquito-borne zoonosis, the vectors responsible for the infection are mosquitoes of the Haemagogus genus. Mayaro is the fourth arbovirus infectious disease of medical importance described in Venezuela, being the first identified yellow fever, followed by the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis, followed by dengue fever and the fifth is chikungunya that swept over the country as an epidemic in 2014. Through a review of the available medical literature and collaboration of students from the regular course of Tropical Medicine, as part of the Student-based Teaching Tropical Medicine Program, a revision of the epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of this viral disease was updated. As it appears sporadically and occurs predominantly in the rural and forest areas, it should be considered when patients with acute febrile syndromes have also joint involvement, whether they are residents or travellers from endemic areas. Considering the enzootic cycle in nature, prevention must be clearly established.
RESUMEN
La fiebre amarilla representa a una de las fiebres hemorrágicas que adquieren en Venezuela y a una de las cuatro arbovirosis endémicas que tenemos. Revisando la literatura médica nacional e internacional, se actualizan aspectos relevantes de esta endemia rural. Se mencionan en la etiología las características del agente viral, que tiene ARN como componente primordial de su genoma. En la epidemiología, se menciona su prevalencia en el continente americano y africano y se evalúa su modo de transmisión. En la patogenia y la anatomía patológica se describe al hígado como órgano blanco de la infección. Se destacan en las manifestaciones clínicas los trastornos hemorrágicos y de la coagulación sanguínea. El diagnóstico como en Medicina Tropical, corresponde a un diagnóstico integral: la clínica, en primer lugar, asociada a la epidemiología y a la etiología de la enfermedad. Se establece diagnóstico diferencial con otras entidades relacionadas. El tratamiento es de soporte y en terapia intensiva. Se concluye con la profilaxis, evaluando la utilidad que sigue teniendo la vacunación.
The yelow fever represents one of the hemorrhagic fever that can be acquired in Venezuela and one of the four endemic arbovirosis we have. By reviewing the national and international medical literature. Relevant aspects of this endemic rural disease have been updated. In the etiology, several characterictics of the virus are mentioned; including the RNA as a primordial component of its genome. In the epidemiology, its prevalence on the African and American continents is mentioned, and the transmission mode es evaluated. In the pathogenesis and pathological anatomy, the liver is described as the primary organ of infection. Bleeding and blood clotting disorders are the essential clinical manifestations. Like in Tropical Medicina, The corresponding integral diagnosis is required. In the first instance, the clinical aspects, associated to the epidemiology and to the etiology of the disease are analyzed a diffential diagnosis is made with other related entities. The treatment consists of support measures and Intensive Care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). For the prophylaxis, we discuss the advantages of vaccination.