Development and validation of a FE model in swine mandibular composite tissue of fragment injury / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective: To establish and verify the validity of a finite element(FE) model of fragment injury in swine mandibular composite tissue. Methods: Swine facial composite tissue digital information was obtained by 3D CT,the 3D model and the cylinder fragment with the diameter and height of 5. 5 mm were reconstructed and designed in mimics15. 0. The right mandibular angle region was impacted by the fragment with velocities in finite element analysis software. A two stage light gas gun was used to launch the same shape 30CrMnSi alloy fragment with the speed of 831,1 120 and 1 536 m/s respectively to impact swine mandibular angle area. The actual damage area and acceleration at jaw were measured and compared with the digital simulation results. Results: Compared with the data of digital simulation the fragment with the speed of 831,1 120 and 1 536 m/s resulted in the larger mandibular damage area of entry in the in vivo experiment by 13. 4％,23. 6％ and 22. 3％; that of exit by 18. 7％,23. 0％ and 26. 5％; the smallar accelaration peak by 16. 7％,15. 3％ and 14. 6％,respectively. Conclusion: A digital model of the swine mandible composite tissue fragment injury model is established. The simulation results of the FE model are consistent similar to those of the in vivo test data.

War trauma accompanied by multidrug-resistant infections: Recent progress / 第二军医大学学报

War trauma accompanied by multidrug-resistant infection pose a severe challenge for military medical services. Due to thewide application of antibiotics, war trauma complicated by multi-drug resistant infection is becoming a troublesome problem. This paper summarized the commonly-seen war-related bacteria and the corresponding revolution of drug resistance. The details of detection, treatment, and prevention measures of multi-drug resistant bacteria in war trauma were reviewed, and the risk factors of multi-drug resistance in warfare condition was also discussed.

Reformulando a violência política e efeitos na saúde mental: esboçando uma agenda de pesquisa e ação para a América Latina e região do Caribe / Reframing political violence and mental health outcomes: outlining a research and action agenda for Latin America and the Caribbean region

Em décadas recentes, o número de pessoas expostas a eventos traumáticos tem aumentado significativamente, bem como formas de violência como guerras e revoluções políticas, que subjugam populações civis em todo o mundo. Apesar da disseminação dos conflitos armados, guerrilhas e violência política na América Latina e Caribe, atenção insuficiente tem sido dada para avaliar o impacto psicológico a médio e longo prazo e o peso das doenças, mortes, e invalidez provocadas pela violência e guerra contra populações civis. Algumas perguntas centrais são levantadas, a partir de revisão da literatura: qual o impacto na saúde da população, a curto, médio e longo prazo, por vivenciar violências extremas e continuadas? Como a violência política se relaciona com pobre saúde mental individual e coletiva? As desordens relacionadas aos traumas são conseqüências universais da violência extrema e continuada? Essas perguntas nos levam a reformular a análise da violência política e de suas conseqüências sobre a saúde mental e a reexaminar as noções de trauma e a agenda da pesquisa e ação para a região. Ao fim, são apresentados alguns princípios básicos que podem ser úteis ao se projetar intervenções psicosociais.

In recent decades, the number of people exposed to traumatic events has significantly increased as various forms of violence, including war and political upheaval, engulf civilian populations worldwide. In spite of widespread armed conflict, guerrilla warfare and political violence in the Latin American and Caribbean region, insufficient attention had been paid in assessing the medium and long-term psychological impact and additional burden of disease, death, and disability caused by violence and wars amongst civilian populations. Following a review of the literature, a few central questions are raised: What is the short, medium and long-term health impact of extreme and sustained forms of violence in a given population? How political violence is linked to poor mental health outcomes at the individual and collective levels? Are trauma-related disorders, universal outcomes of extreme and sustained violence? These questions lead us to reframe the analysis of political violence and mental health outcomes, and reexamine the notions of trauma, after which a research and action agenda for the region is outlined. In the concluding sections, some basic principles that may prove useful when designing psychosocial interventions in post-conflict situations are reviewed.

Research and Development of Multifunctional Surgical Instrument Case for Operation of Field Battle / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To design a new multifunctional surgical instrument case in order to improve the work efficiency and safety of operation in field battle. Methods Practices of operation in field battle were analyzed retrospectively and the characteristics of modern surgery were investigated. Results A new multifunctional surgical instrument case was designed and its main clinical function and operation methods were explained. Conclusion Multifunctional instrument case has advantages of advanced function and convenient operation. It has good perspective for clinical surgery applying.

External fixators in treatment of war trauma / 中华创伤骨科杂志

External fixators have been widely u sed in treatment of war trauma due to t heir small size,light weight,easy application,and convenience in transport.There are several types of military external fixato r,such as FESSA(Fixateur Externe du Service de Sant?des Arm?es),CMC(Croatian Medical Corps),Synthes and Hoffman-Ⅱ.All of these have been used on the battlefields of Rwandese War,Croatia Wa r and the first Persian Gulf War.Most of military external fixators are unilateral connectable-joint.For temp orary fixation,one bar is enough;by adding another parallel bar,the fixation can be use d for long-time fixing.Facing with a great demand of war trauma treatment ,we should develop new types of military external fixator with more simplicity and less size or weight. [