Women Empowerment in India

The aim of the present study is to determine the factors which affect women empowerment and the issues being faced by the women. This study reveals the status of women empowerment in India and explained the factors affecting their current situation. It has been found during study that females in India are not authorized to do some acts and have lower status as equated to men. Several efforts have been taken by government to endow women at national and global level by introducing and employing numerous schemes and initiatives. This study tries to hypothesize prospects of women in numerous areas and initiatives commenced by the Union of India.

Intervención educativa sobre lactancia materna en gestantes

Introducción: Son innumerables los beneficios de la lactancia materna, ya que proporciona los nutrientes y la energía necesaria para un crecimiento y desarrollo saludable en los lactantes durante sus primeros seis meses de vida, sin embargo, todavía existe desconocimiento sobre este tema. Objetivo: Elevar el nivel de conocimientos sobre la lactancia materna en gestantes ingresadas en el Hogar Materno Justo Legón Padilla, pertenecientes al municipio y provincia Pinar del Río, durante el año 2022. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental de intervención educativa, con pre y post test. El universo estuvo conformado por 150 embarazadas que estuvieran en el último trimestre de embarazo, ingresadas en dicha institución en el período señalado, de la cual se seleccionó una muestra de 90 embarazadas según muestreo probabilístico al azar simple, previo consentimiento informado. Se aplicó un programa educativo. Los resultados fueron procesados y presentados a través de tablas. Se aplicaron medidas estadísticas de distribución de frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Resultados: El 97 % de las embarazadas se encontraron con buena calificación posterior a la intervención educativa, en temas relacionados con la lactancia materna. Conclusiones: La estrategia de intervención educativa sobre lactancia materna resultó efectiva en las gestantes estudiadas.

Introduction : There are innumerable benefits of breastfeeding, since it provides the necessary nutrients and energy for healthy growth and development in infants during their first six months of life; however, there is still a lack of knowledge on this subject. Objective: To increase the level of knowledge about breastfeeding in pregnant women admitted to the Justo Legón Padilla Maternity Home, belonging to the municipality and province of Pinar del Rio, during the year 2022. Methods: A quasi-experimental study of educational intervention was carried out, with pre-test and post-test. The universe was made up of 150 pregnant women who were in the last trimester of pregnancy, admitted to said institution in the indicated period, from which a sample of 90 pregnant women was selected according to simple random probabilistic sampling, with prior informed consent. An educational program was applied. The results were processed and presented through tables. Statistical measures of absolute and relative frequency distribution were applied. Results: 97% of the pregnant women were found with a good qualification after the educational intervention, in issues related to breastfeeding. Conclusions: The educational intervention strategy on breastfeeding was effective in the pregnant women studied.

WOMEN EMPOWERMENT THROUGH EDUCATION AND GOVERNMENT'S INITIATIVES

If you educate a man you educate an individual, but if you educate a woman you educate a family (nation)” Dr. James Emmanuel Kwegyir-Aggrey (1875-1927, Ghana). Education is the most effective tool for empowering women and safeguarding their fundamental rights. Investing in the education of women may change and even save lives of women, as well as their families and communities. It is one of the most effective ways for everyone to bring about constructive, long-term change in the world

Association of Socio-economic Factors with Fertility and Mortality among Lepchas of North Sikkim, India.

Background: Fertility is the physiological ability to have children or to produce offspring whereas; mortality means death of any member of the population. In demographic study which is basically the study of any population, fertility rate and mortality rate are considered to be important determinants alongside migration which is the settlement pattern of people from one place of origin to another. Objectives: The objective of the present cross-sectional investigation is to analyze the association of socio- economic factors with fertility and mortality among the Lepcha tribal population of North Sikkim, India. Methods: For the present investigation, data was collected from 110 married women aged 18- 60 years from different villages of Dzongu, North Sikkim. Data on fertility and mortality information were obtained from each married woman along with their spouses. Results: The mean age at marriage and age at first child birth were observed to be higher and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Live births and surviving children with respect to education of women is statistically significant, with values for live births (F= 5.088, p<0.01) and surviving children (F=4.040, p<0.05). The number of mothers with infant mortality was observed to be higher in the low-income group (1.29±0.18). Results indicated that 81% from the low-income group have not opted for family planning, but 44.4 % have reported the use of contraceptive methods. Conclusion: The study indicates that socio-economic, socio-cultural and biological factors have an impact on fertility and mortality and has led to its decrease among the Lepcha tribal population of North Sikkim.

Effect of education on the risk of gender-based violence in the Philippines

Background@#Gender-based violence originates when societal gender-based expectations and the reality are not consistent. One such example is: there has been a recent rise in women's education in the Philippines, yet the prevalence of traditional female role expectations in the context of the heavily Catholic Filipino society remains unchanged. @*Objectives@#In this paper, the relationship between women's education and their risk of gender-based violence (GBV) is examined and compared with the relationship between the education of their partners and the women's risk of experiencing GBV. @*Methodology@#Our sample included women living in the Philippines surveyed by the Demographic Health Survey in 2017. We used multivariate logistic regression on the respondents' and the partner's education level, with respondent's risk of experiencing GBV. @*Results@#We found that there was a slight but statistically significant decreased risk of GBV experience with increased years of education of both the female respondents and their male partners. For all female respondents, there was a 3.7% decrease in the risk of GBV per additional year of their own education. For those with partners, there was a 2.3% decrease in the risk of GBV per additional year of their partner's education. @*Conclusion@#We found that the education of male partners is as much of a factor as the women's own education in her likelihood of experiencing violence. From this, we established that partner selection based on their education levels may act as a protective factor for an individual's likelihood of experiencing GBV. Policy initiatives should address increasing male awareness of safe behavior and violence against women, especially while traditional gender roles are still predominant in the Filipino society.

Violência contra à mulher: avaliação do jogo "caixa de pandora" como ferramenta de aprendizagem / Violence against women: evaluation of the "pandora's box" game as a tool to learn

Objetivou-se avaliar as potencialidades de um jogo de computador, Caixa de Pandora,como ferramenta de apoio ao aprendizado de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o tema da violência contra a mulher. Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, realizada com 62 estudantes do curso de enfermagem de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior. Foi aplicado um questionário para analisar a abordagem ao problema da violência e o impacto do game no processo ensino-aprendizado. Analisou-se as respostas sobre o impacto do jogo e sua aceitação através da estatística descritiva. Os resultados mostraram que o jogo motivou a reflexão e favoreceu a construção de novos conhecimentos e a aprendizagem do público alvo. Conclui-se que o jogo se apresentou como uma ferramenta potente para ser utilizada no processo de ensino e formação de estudantes de saúde, especificamente os da enfermagem, sobre o tema da violência.

It was aimed to assess the potentials of a computer game, Pandora ́s Box, as a support tool for nursing students ́ learning about the theme of the violence against women.This is a quantitative research, carried out with 62 students of the nursing course from a Higher Education Institution. A questionnaire was applied to analyze the approach to the violence problem and the impact of the game in the teaching-learning process. The answers were analyzed about the impact of the game and its acceptance through the descriptive statistics. The results showed that the game motivated the reflection and favored the building of new knowledge and the learning to the target public. It was concluded that the game was presented as a potent tool to be used in the teaching process and training of health students, specifically to those of the nursing, on the theme of violence.

Institucionalização das ciências, sistema de gênero e produção científica no Brasil (1939-1969) / Institutionalization of the sciences, gender system, and scientific production in Brazil (1939-1969)

As experiências de educação feminina em nível superior, proporcionadas pelas políticas educacionais implantadas a partir da década de 1930, promoveram a inserção profissional de mulheres no mundo acadêmico e científico. Largamente negligenciada na historiografia brasileira das ciências, a análise desse fenômeno lança uma nova perspectiva sobre o sentido da institucionalização e profissionalização da atividade científica, processo no qual as mulheres atuaram efetivamente. Procuramos identificar sua presença ali, por meio da análise da produção científica presente em quatro revistas, no período entre 1939 e 1969, evidenciando-se diferenças de sexo quanto ao padrão de publicação.

Thanks to policies put in place in the 1930s, women's experiences in higher education increased their professional participation in the academic and scientific worlds. Largely neglected in Brazilian historiography of the sciences, analysis of this phenomenon introduces a new perspective on the meaning of institutionalization and professionalization of scientific activities, a process in which women have played an authentic role. We explore their presence by analyzing the scientific production published in four journals between 1939 and 1969. Gender differences are detected according to the standard of the publication.