Maternal Intake of Flaxseed During Lactation and Exercise Training Protect Against Salt Overload-Induced Aortic Remodeling in Adult Offspring

Abstract Background High dietary sodium intake can induce endothelial stiffness even without changes in blood pressure. Objectives To evaluate the effects of exercise training and chronic intake of sodium chloride solution on aortic morphology of male offspring of rat dams who consumed flaxseed during lactation. Methods Female rats were fed with a control diet or a flaxseed diet during lactation. At weaning, two male offspring of each rat dam were allocated into eight groups for 180 days: four groups received a control diet e four received a flaxseed diet, with /without exercise and with/without NaCl solution supply. Aorta was collected for histomorphometric analysis. The one-way analysis of variance was used and P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The chronic use of 1% NaCl solution led to changes in aortic histoarchitecture in the control group: increase in aortic intima-media thickness (10,4%, p<0.0001) and reduced number of elastic lamellae (-8,1%, p<0.0001). Groups of offspring of mother that consumed flaxseed during lactation, the chronic use of 1% NaCl alone did not lead to an increase in the aortic intima-media thickness. Exercise training of adult offspring increased aortic intima-media thickness (13.3%, p<0.0001), with preservation of elastic components and aortic flexibility. Conclusion Chronic salt overload caused adverse effects on the aorta of rats, and maternal consumption of the flaxseed diet during lactation protected against aortic remodeling. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0

Seafood lipids and cardiovascular health

Seafood lipids encompass important healthy nutrients, such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), whichmay have a significant effect on human cardiovascular health and needs to be supplied by the human diet. Particularly, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the most abundant n-3 PUFA present in seafood and have an impact on the cardiovascular health. DHA and EPA are deemed to display anti-inflammatory, cell membrane modulation, and biophysical properties, thereby offsetting the pro-inflammatory effects of n-6 PUFA, and to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Consumption of large amounts of n-3 PUFA exerts a positive effect on a wide array of cardiovascular health concerns ranging from hypertension and atherosclerosis to myocardial infarction and stroke. Infact, animal studies indicate that n-3 PUFAs play a bioactive cardiovascular protective role. Therefore, it is recommended up to two servings of fatty fish per week or up to 500 mg/day of EPA and DHA (World Health Organization).

Correlation between the eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid and the aggressive behavior in mice / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the correlation between the eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and the aggressive behavior in mice.@*METHODS@#Seventy-two male Kunming mice were divided into control group, fish oil group, simvastatin group and aggressive reference group randomly. The control group, fish oil group and simvastatin group were given normal saline, fish oil and simvastatin by irrigation respectively for 3 months consecutively, each mouse was raised isolatedly. The latent period of assault, the frequencies of tail swing and assault, and the cumulative time of assault were recorded at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Finally, the EPA and DHA in brain were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The aggressive reference group was raised without intervention and was evaluated as aggressive reference only.@*RESULTS@#(1) Before intervention, the latent period of assault, the frequencies of tail swing, the frequencies of assault, and the cumulative time of assault were not significantly different from each other group. After intervention, the differences were significant (P<0.05). (2) After the intervention, the content of EPA and DHA in mice brain was the most in the fish oil group, and the least in the simvastatin group. (3) The content of EPA was negatively related with the four indexes (P<0.05) before and after the intervention. The content of DHA was negatively related with the frequencies of tail swing and assault (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is a correlation between the EPA, DHA and aggressive behavior in mice under stress.

Ácidos graxos das séries ômega 3 e 6 e suas implicações na saúde humana / Omega-3 and 6 fatty acids and implications on human health

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are structurally, functionally and metabolically different. Such fatty acids play opposite biological functions by their intervention in numerous physiological processes such as blood coagulation and inflammatory and immunological responses, thus affecting the development of chronic diseases. Such effects are in part due to the differences in the concentration of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet, i.e. a large intake of omega 6 in contrast to a small one for the omega 3. This paper analyses several issues with respect to the biological role of these fatty acids in the development of chronic diseases, as well as their characteristics in the context of food intake

Los ácidos grasos omega-3 y omega-6 además de ser estructuralmente diferentes, se distinguen también funcional y metabolitamente. Es os ácidos grasos realizan funciones biológicas opuestas, participan en numerosos processos fisiológicos, tales como: coagulación de la sangrey en las respuestas inflamatoria e inmunológica, influyendo de esta forma el proceso de aparecimiento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. Esa influencia se debe, en parte,a la concentración desproporcionada de ácidos grasos omega-3 y omega-6 que la dieta contiene. Una elevada concentración de ácidos grasos omega-6 frente a una escasez de omega-3. La finalidad de este estudio es analizar el papel biológico de eso ácidos grasos en el proceso de aparecimiento de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles, así como presentar sus características en el contexto de la ingestión alimentar.

Os ácidos graxos das séries ômega 3 e 6 são estruturalmente diferentes, assim, como o são funcional e metabolicamente. Tais ácidos graxos desempenham funções biológicas opostas, intervindo em numerosos processos fisiológicos tais como, a coagulação do sangue e as respostas inflamatórias e imunológicas, influenciando assim no processo de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Tal influência é devida, em parte, à desproporção da concentração dos ácidos graxos ômega 3 e ômega 6, existente na dieta, ou seja, uma grande concentração de ácidos graxos ômega 6, frente à escassez de ômega 3. Assim, o presente estudo se propôs a analisar as questões referentes ao papel biológico de tais ácidos graxos no processo de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, bem como apresentar suas características no contexto da ingestão dietética

Atividade biológica e uso clínico do óleo de peixe / Biological activity of fish oil

Acidos graxos ômega-3 (n-3), encontrados principalmente na gordura de peixes marinhos, sao representados pelos ácidos alfa-linolênico, eicosapentaenóico e docosahexaenóico. Após 72 horas de suplementaçao dietética com esses ácidos graxos, há alteraçao da composiçao da membrana celular e diminuiçao na síntese de prostaglandinas e tromboxanes da série 2 e leucotrienos da série 4 e ocorre substituiçao por prostaglandinas, tromboxanes, e leucotrienos das séries 3 e 5, respectivamente. Estas alteraçoes podem modular a resposta inflamatória e interferir em mecanismos patológicos. Os ácidos graxos n-3 têm sido usados em cardiopatias, com resultados favoráveis na diminuiçao da colesterolemia e pressao arterial e em doenças imunológicas como psoríase, artrite reumatóide e doença de Crohn. Experimentalmente, o ácido graxo n-3 diminuiu o crescimento de tumores e suprimiu metástases. Os autores consideram a biofisiologia dos ácidos graxos n-3 e refletem sobre os resultados de seu uso clínico até o momento.