Assessment of risk factors for leakage after repair of perforated peptic ulcer with omental patch. Retrospective study / Evaluación de factores de riesgo de fuga después de la reparación de una úlcera péptica perforada con parche de epiplón. Estudio retrospectivo

Introduction. Perforated peptic ulcer remains one of the critical abdominal conditions that requires early surgical intervention. Leakage after omental patch repair represents one of the devastating complications that increase morbidity and mortality. Our study aimed to assess risk factors and early predictors for incidence of leakage. Methods. Retrospective analysis of data of the patients who underwent omental patch repair for perforated peptic ulcer in the period between January 2019 and January 2022 in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. Pre, intra and postoperative variables were collected and statistically analyzed. Incriminated risk factors for leakage incidence were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results. This study included 123 patients who met inclusion criteria. Leakage was detected in seven (5.7%) patients. Although associated comorbidities (p=0.01), postoperative intensive care unit admission (p=0.03), and postoperative hypotension (p=0.02) were significant risk factors in univariate analysis, septic shock (p=0.001), delayed intervention (p=0.04), preoperative hypoalbuminemia (p=0.017), and perforation size >5mm (p= 0.04) were found as independent risk factors for leakage upon multivariate analysis. Conclusion. Delayed presentation in septic shock, preoperative hypoalbuminemia, prolonged perforation, operation interval, and large perforation size > 5mm were detected as independent risk factors for leakage. Postoperative tachypnea and tachycardia with increased levels of C-reactive protein and total leucocytic count are alarming signs for incidence of leakage

Introducción. La úlcera péptica perforada es una de las afecciones abdominales críticas que requiere una intervención quirúrgica temprana. La fuga después de la reparación con parche de epiplón representa una de las complicaciones más devastadoras, que aumentan la morbilidad y la mortalidad. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los factores de riesgo y los predictores tempranos de fugas. Métodos. Análisis retrospectivo de los datos de los pacientes sometidos a reparación con parche de epiplón por úlcera péptica perforada, en el período comprendido entre enero de 2019 y enero de 2022, en el Hospital Universitario de Mansoura, Egipto. Se recogieron y analizaron estadísticamente variables pre, intra y postoperatorias. Los factores de riesgo asociados a la incidencia de fugas se analizaron mediante análisis univariado y multivariado. Resultados. Este estudio incluyó 123 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se detectó fuga en siete (5,7 %) pacientes. Aunque las comorbilidades asociadas (p=0,01), el ingreso postoperatorio a la unidad de cuidados intensivos (p=0,03) y la hipotensión postoperatoria (p=0,02) fueron factores de riesgo en el análisis univariado, el shock séptico (p=0,001), el retraso en la intervención (p=0,04), la hipoalbuminemia preoperatoria (p=0,017) y el tamaño de la perforación mayor de 5 mm (p=0,04) se encontraron como factores de riesgo de fuga independientes en el análisis multivariado. Conclusión. Se detectaron como factores de riesgo independientes de fuga la presentación tardía en shock séptico, la hipoalbuminemia preoperatoria, la perforación prolongada, el intervalo operatorio y el tamaño de la perforación mayor de 5 mm. La taquipnea posoperatoria y la taquicardia con niveles elevados de proteína C reactiva y recuento leucocitario total son signos de alarma sobre la presencia de fuga.

Síndrome de Valentino: una causa no común de abdomen agudo. Reporte de un caso / Valentino Syndrome: an uncommon cause of acute abdomen. Case Report.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Valentino es la perforación de una úlcera péptica a nivel gástrico o duodenal, en donde el paciente se presenta de forma atípica, con un cuadro clínico sugerente de apendicitis aguda, asociado a peritonitis localizada. Al ser una entidad con escasos reportes a nivel mundial y con ningún caso documentado en el Ecuador, es fundamental difundir el presente caso clínico para conocimiento de la comunidad médico-científica. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 63 años, acudió a servicio de emergencia con dolor abdominal de 12 horas de evolución localizado en fosa iliaca derecha asociado a signos de irritación peritoneal y descompensación hemodinámica, sugestivo de peritonitis. Se realizó laparotomía exploratoria. EVOLUCIÓN: En el procedimiento quirúrgico no se evidenciaron cambios inflamatorios en el apéndice y tras la exploración de la cavidad abdominal se encontró una úlcera gástrica perforada; se realizó rafia primaria en dos planos, apendicectomía incidental, más lavado de cavidad abdominal. Paciente con recuperación exitosa, se indicó alta médica al séptimo día de hospitalización. CONCLUSIÓN: La perforación de una úlcera péptica puede generar un cuadro clínico de dolor en fosa ilíaca derecha, que puede confundirse con una apendicitis aguda debido a su similitud clínica. El equipo médico debe considerar al Síndrome de Valentino como un diagnóstico diferencial importante durante la evaluación del paciente que llega a la emergencia con cuadro clínico de dolor abdominal sugestivo de apendicitis aguda.

BACKGROUND: Valentino's syndrome is secondary to a perforated peptic ulcer, which could be located in the stomach or the duodenum, patients present with clinical features that suggest acute appendicitis, with localized peritonitis. There are few case reports about this syndrome worldwide and no one submitted in Ecuador. It is essential to transmit this clinical case for the knowledge of the medical- scientific community. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old male patient came to the emergency department with abdominal pain, located in the right iliac fossa, that began 12 hours ago, associated to peritoneal irritation signs and hemodynamic decompensation; suggestive of peritonitis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed. EVOLUTION: During exploratory laparotomy, no inflammatory changes were identified in the appendix. After abdominal cavity exploration, a perforated gastric ulcer was found. Primary raffia was stitched in two planes, incidental appendectomy and lavage of the abdominal cavity were performed. The patient had a successful recovery; and was discharged after 7 days at hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The perforation of a peptic ulcer can generate right iliac fossa pain, simulating acute appendicitis due to its clinical similarity. The medical team should consider Valentino's Syndrome as an important differential diagnosis during the evaluation of a patient that arrives to the emergency room with abdominal pain, suggestive of appendicitis.

Laparoscopic Single Figure of Eight Suturing Omentopexy for the Treatment of a Perforated Duodenal Ulcer

PURPOSE: Safe and effective surgical treatment of peptic ulcer perforations is fundamental to achieve favorable outcomes. We present laparoscopic single figure of eight suturing omentopexy for perforated duodenal ulcer and review associated clinical outcomes. This is a new formulaic surgical technique for laparoscopic omentopexy. METHODS: Laparoscopic single figure of eight suturing omentopexies for perforated duodenal ulcer were completed in 15 consecutive patients between April 2008 and November 2017 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. Using prospectively collected data, we performed an observational study on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: The mean age of the 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic repair was 41.7±13.9 years. The perforation site was the anterior duodenal bulb in all patients. The median perforation size was 5 mm (range: 3~8 mm). The mean operation time was 66.7±19.6 minutes. There was no evidence of leakage from the omentopexy site clinically or in the postoperative upper gastrointestinal series. One patient (6.7%) experienced the postoperative complication of pneumothorax. There were no cases of postoperative mortality or reoperation within 30 days after surgery. The median time to tolerance of regular diet was 6 (range: 4~9) days. The median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range: 5~11 days). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic single figure of eight suturing omentopexy can be a viable option in the surgical management of perforated duodenal ulcer in selected patients without surgical risk factors. Laparoscopic single figure of eight suturing omentopexy is safe and easy to perform, and may therefore reduce operation time.

Peritonitis manejada por laparoscopia como método terapéutico eficaz / Peritonitis treated by laparoscopy as an effective treatment

La peritonitis es una de las principales complicaciones de las urgencias abdominales. La laparoscopia sirve tanto para el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico del abdomen agudo; en manos expertas la morbimortalidad de este método es mínima. Objetivo: El objetivo es comprobar la eficacia de la laparoscopia en pacientes con peritonitis secundaria realizando una sola cirugía sin necesidad de reintervenciones, asegurando el menor daño de la pared abdominal, evitando la laparotomía. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, se incluyeron pacientes con diagnostico final de peritonitis y manejados con técnica laparoscópica, abarcando un periodo de mayo del 2011 a julio del 2016, ingresados a la Clínica Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Pasto, Colombia. Resultados: La muestra fueron 67 pacientes. Los resultados indican una edad promedio de 45 años, edad máxima 94 y mínima 17 años, ± de 20,6; predomina el sexo Femenino en un 55,2% (n=37); siendo el 73,1% (n=49) del área urbana. El tiempo de evolución promedio de la patología fue de 4 días. No hubo casos de mortalidad en la población objeto de estudio. Conclusión: La técnica laparoscópica, el lavado exhaustivo de la cavidad abdominal, la inserción del dren mixto y el tratamiento adecuado de antibiótico, se constituye en una técnica segura en el paciente ya que evito reintervenciones quirúrgicas, riesgo de infecciones, ausencia de íleo paralitico y sangrado, evitando así la laparostomía y el defecto gigante de la pared abdominal.

Peritonitis is one of the main complications of abdominal emergencies. Laparoscopy serves both for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of the acute abdomen; in expert hands the morbimortality of this method is minimal. Objective: The objective is to verify the efficacy of laparoscopy in patients with secondary peritonitis performing a single surgery without the need for reinterventions, ensuring the least damage of the abdominal wall, avoiding laparotomy. Material and methods: Retrospective study included patients with final diagnosis of peritonitis and managed with laparoscopic technique, covering a period from May 2011 to July 2016, admitted to Clínica Nuestra Señora de Fátima, Pasto, Colombia. Results: The sample was 67 patients. The results indicate an average age of 45 years, maximum age 94 and minimum 17 years, ± 20.6; female sex predominates in 55.2% (n = 37); being 73.1% (n = 49) of the urban area. The mean evolution time of the disease was 4 days. There were no cases of mortality in the study population. Conclusion: The laparoscopic technique, thorough cleaning of the abdominal cavity, insertion of the mixed drainage and adequate antibiotic treatment, constitutes a safe technique in the patient since it prevents surgical reinterventions, risk of infections, absence of paralytic ileus and bleeding, thus avoiding laparostomy and the giant defect of the abdominal wall.

Covered Self-expandable Metallic Stent Insertion as a Rescue Procedure for Postoperative Leakage after Primary Repair of Perforated Duodenal Ulcer / 대한소화기학회지

Surgery has been the standard treatment for perforated duodenal ulcers, with mostly good results. However, the resolution of postoperative leakage after primary repair of perforated duodenal ulcer remains challenging. There are several choices for re-operation required in persistent leakage from perforated duodenal ulcers. However, many of these choices are complicated surgical procedures requiring prolonged general anesthesia that may increase the chances of morbidity and mortality. Several recent reports have demonstrated postoperative leakage after primary repair of a perforated duodenal ulcer treated with endoscopic insertion using a covered self-expandable metallic stent, with good clinical results. We report a case with postoperative leakage after primary repair of a perforated duodenal ulcer treated using a covered self-expandable metallic stent.

Sutura laparoscópica frente a sutura por laparotomía en úlceras gastroduodenales perforadas / Laparoscopic suture facing laparotomy suture in perforated gastroduodenal ulcers

Resumen Introducción La perforación gastroduodenal continúa siendo una urgencia quirúrgica relativamente frecuente, a pesar de los avances realizados en el tratamiento médico de la enfermedad ulcerosa. Su abordaje laparoscópico ha ido aumentando en los últimos años, aunque no se ha generalizado. Nuestro objetivo es analizar los resultados postoperatorios en pacientes con úlcera perforada tratados mediante sutura laparoscópica, y compararlos con un grupo similar con sutura por laparotomía. Mantenemos la hipótesis de que la sutura laparoscópica es una opción segura y con menor morbilidad que el abordaje por laparotomía. Material y Métodos Análisis retrospectivo comparativo de dos cohortes de pacientes: una tratada mediante sutura laparoscópica durante los años 2014 y 2015, período en el que este abordaje estaba plenamente implantado en la Urgencia en nuestro hospital, y otro grupo comparable tratado mediante sutura por cirugía abierta durante el período 2001-2003. Se analizaron las complicaciones según la clasificación de Clavien-Dindo, tasa de conversión, estancia media y mortalidad. Resultados Los grupos eran comparables en edad, sexo, comorbilidades y riesgo anestésico. Se observó una tendencia a la superioridad a favor del abordaje laparoscópico en ciertas variables analizadas, con una tasa de conversión de un 3%. La presencia de complicaciones postoperatorias precoces fue mayor en el grupo con sutura por laparotomía: shock séptico postquirúrgico (15,2 % vs 6%) e infección de herida (15,2 % vs 3%), así como las complicaciones médicas, aunque de forma no significativa. El grupo tratado con sutura laparoscópica tuvo un mayor tiempo quirúrgico, menor estancia media y menor mortalidad. Conclusión La sutura laparoscópica de la úlcera gastroduodenal en nuestro centro ha tenido una baja tasa de conversión y una morbilidad algo menor a la sutura por laparotomía, con una menor tasa de reintervenciones y menor estancia media, a pesar de un mayor tiempo quirúrgico.

Introduction Gastroduodenal perforation continues to be a relatively frequent surgical emergency, despite advances in the medical treatment of ulcer disease. Its laparoscopic approach has been increasing in the last years, although it has not been generalized. Objective Was to analyze the postoperative results in patients with perforated ulcer treated with laparoscopic suture, and to compare them with a similar group with laparotomy suture. Our hypothesis was that laparoscopic suture is a safe option and with less morbidity than the laparotomy approach. Material and Methods Comparative retrospective analysis of two patient cohorts: one treated with laparoscopic suture during 2014 and 2015, a period in which this approach was fully implanted in the emergency room in our hospital, and another comparable group treated by suture for open surgery during the period 2001-2003. Complications were analyzed according to Clavien-Dindo classification, conversion rate, mean stay and mortality. Results The groups were comparable in age, sex, comorbidities and anesthetic risk. There was a trend towards superiority in favor of the laparoscopic approach in certain variables analyzed, with a conversion rate of 3%. The presence of early postoperative complications was greater in the laparotomy suture group: post-surgical septic shock (15.2% vs 6%) and wound infection (15.2% vs 3%), as well as medical complications, although not significantly. The group with laparoscopic suture had a longer surgical time, lower mean stay and lower mortality. Conclusion The laparoscopic suture of the gastroduodenal ulcer in our center has had a very low conversion rate and a somewhat lower morbidity to the laparotomy suture, with a lower rate of reinterventions and a mean stay, despite a longer surgical time.

A prospective randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic repair versus open repair for perforated peptic ulcers / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compared the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic repair (LR) versus open repair (OR) for perforated peptic ulcers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From January 2010 to June 2014, in Shanghai Tongji Hospital, 119 patients who were diagnosed as perforated peptic ulcers and planned to receive operation were prospectively enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into LR (58 patients) and OR(61 patients) group by computer. Intra-operative and postoperative parameters were compared between two groups. This study was registered as a randomized controlled trial by the China Clinical Trials Registry (registration No.ChiCTR-TRC-11001607).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no significant difference in baseline data between two groups (all P>0.05). No significant differences of operation time, morbidity of postoperative complication, mortality, reoperation probability, decompression time, fluid diet recovery time and hospitalization cost were found between two groups (all P>0.05). As compared to OR group, LR group required less postoperative fentanyl [(0.74±0.33) mg vs. (1.04±0.39) mg, t=-4.519, P=0.000] and had shorter hospital stay [median 7(5 to 9) days vs. 8(7 to 10) days, U=-2.090, P=0.001]. In LR group, 3 patients(5.2%) had leakage in perforation site after surgery. One case received laparotomy on the second day after surgery for diffuse peritonitis. The other two received conservative treatment (total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition). There was no recurrence of perforation in OR group. One patient of each group died of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) 22 days after surgery.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LR may be preferable for treating perforated peptic ulcers than OR, however preventive measures during LR should be taken to avoid postopertive leak in perforation site.</p>

A Case of Advanced Gastric Cancer Concomitant with Pyogenic Liver Abscess in the Patient with Subtotal Gastrectomy / 대한소화기학회지

The hematogenous spreading of an infectious pathogen via the portal vein from a mucosal injury in the gastrointestinal tract has been considered as one of the pathologic mechanisms of pyogenic liver abscess. Several studies have presented the association between colorectal cancer and pyogenic liver abscess. However, the cases of stomach cancer concomitant with pyogenic liver abscess have rarely been reported in the world. Herein, we present a case of advanced gastric cancer concomitant with pyogenic liver abscess in a patient who previously underwent subtotal gastrectomy due to peptic ulcer perforation.

Eficacia de sutura y epiploplastia con tratamiento médico posterior en la úlcera perforada / Epiploplasty and Suture Efficiency Using Further Medical Treatment in Perforated Ulcer

Introducción: la sutura y epiploplastia de la úlcera perforada con tratamiento médico posterior para erradicar el Helicobacter pylori, ha disminuido la recurrencia de la úlcera péptica, lo cual renueva el interés en este proceder ante las técnicas definitivas. Objetivos: determinar la eficacia a mediano plazo de este proceder en pacientes operados de úlcera péptica perforada. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico en el Hospital Universitario "Manuel Ascunce Domenech" de Camagüey, desde enero de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2013. El estudio estuvo conformado por los pacientes operados de úlcera perforada con más de un año de evolución (45 casos). Los datos obtenidos se procesaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS para Windows versión 15.0, con técnica estadística de comparación de la prueba de hipótesis de proporciones en una computadora Pentium IV. Resultados: el sexo más afectado fue el masculino y predominó en la cuarta y quinta décadas de la vida. La localización más frecuente de la perforación fue duodenal y la mayoría, menores de 1 cm. Las complicaciones posoperatorias más frecuentes fueron las infecciones respiratorias. El tabaquismo y la ingestión de café fueron los factores de riesgo actuales más frecuentes. La mayoría de los pacientes recibieron tratamiento médico completo en el posoperatorio, con buenos resultados de acuerdo a la clasificación de Visick y en la endoscopia realizada, donde solo una paciente presentó enfermedad ulcerosa. Conclusiones: se comprobó que la sutura y epiploplastia de la úlcera perforada con tratamiento médico posterior completo es eficaz a mediano plazo(AU)

Introduction: suture and epiploplasty of perforated ulcer using further medical treatment for helicobacter pylori eradication has decreased recurrence of peptic ulcer, renewing interest in this proceeding in contrast to final techniques. Objective: determine the medium term efficacy of this procedure in patients undergoing surgery for perforated peptic ulcer. Methods: an observational study was conducted at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Hospital in Camagüey, from January 2010 to December 2013. The study consisted of patients operated on for perforated ulcer over a year (45 cases). The obtained data were processed using SPSS for Windows version 15.0, with statistical technique of comparing the proportions hypothesis test on a Pentium IV computer. Results: the most affected patients were male aging forty and fifty. The most frequent location was duodenal perforation and most of them less than 1 cm. The most frequent postoperative complications were respiratory infections. Smoking habits and coffee intake were the most common risk factors. Most patients received full medical treatment in the postoperative period, with good results according to Visick classification and the endoscopy, where only one patient had ulcer disease. Conclusions: suture and perforated ulcer epiploplasty with subsequent full medical treatment, definitively, cure patients(AU)

Ideal Time to Surgery for Acute Abdomen

Timing of surgery is important for prognosis. In patients with acute abdomen, the urgency means timing of surgery is even more important. However early emergency surgery is often logistically daunting because of constraints on resources such as operating room, supporting anesthesiologist, and nurses. Therefore it is worthwhile reviewing the timing of surgery in the patient with acute abdomen. The authors discuss the ideal time to surgery based on their experience and a review of the literature. For appendicitis and for peptic ulcer perforation, the authors recommend surgery within 24 hours from symptom onset. However, for other acute abdomen disease, evidence for a consensus is not as strong. If a surgeon faces a large number of emergent patients, if resources are limited, the surgeon must decide priorities for surgery. Therefore, an emergency triage system is needed, based on expert opinion and evidence. Although several triage systems are described in the literature, there is some controversy. If we follow a triage system, utilization of resources will be more efficient and acute care surgery might be performed within the ideal time.

Non-operative Treatment of Gastric Ulcer Perforation with Contrast Leakage in an Elderly Patient / 대한내과학회지

Peptic ulcer remains an important public health concern due to an aging society and the increasing use of non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Perforated peptic ulcer is a major life-threatening complication of peptic ulcer. While the preferred treatment is surgery, conservative treatment does not result in significantly different outcomes in young, hemodynamically stable patients. However, conservative treatment of perforated peptic ulcer is associated with high failure rates in elderly patients. We report a case of an 87-year-old patient with a perforated peptic ulcer with contrast agent leakage. The patient was treated conservatively without complications; the treatment included non per os (NPO), insertion of a Levin tube, intravenous antibiotics, and a proton pump inhibitor.

Úlcera marginal perforada post bypass gástrico laparoscópico / Perforated marginal ulcer after laparoscopic gastric bypass

Introduction: Perforated marginal ulcer is a serious event that usually requires reoperation and is associated with morbidity and mortality. Characterization and management of these patients is still debated. Objective: To describe a series of patients subjected to a laparoscopic gastric bypass (LGBP) that evolved with a perforated marginal ulcer. Material and Methods: Records of patients undergoing a LGBP the last 10 years and evolved with a perforated marginal ulcer were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical features, treatment and perioperative morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Results: During this period 2,095 patients were subjected to a LGBP, 12 of them presented a perforated marginal ulcer, corresponding to 10 women and 2 men. Mean age was 39 (21-60) and mean body mass index at the time of initial surgery was 34 (29.3 to 38.6). Ten patients were smoker at the moment of perforation. The occurrence of this happened at a mean of 27 months (range 3-54, median 23.5) after surgery. Eleven cases had a surgical resolution, with a laparoscopic approach in 9 of them and laparotomy on 2. In all cases, a perforated ulcer in the jejunal side of the gastro-jejunal anastomosis was found. There was no mortality or morbidity associated with surgery. Conclusions: In our experience the occurrence of perforated marginal ulcer after a LGBP develops in a small percentage of patients. The laparoscopic approach is of choice, presenting a low morbidity and mortality. Smoking was present in most patients.

Introducción: La perforación de una úlcera marginal es un evento grave que suele requerir una reoperación y se asocia a morbimortalidad. El manejo de estos pacientes es debatido y complejo. Objetivo: Describir una serie de pacientes operados de bypass gástrico laparoscópico (BPGLP) que evolucionaron con una úlcera marginal perforada. Material y Método: Se revisaron retrospectivamente las fichas de pacientes operados de BPGL los últimos 10 años y que evolucionaron con una úlcera marginal perforada. Se analizaron las características clínicas, de tratamiento y morbimortalidad perioperatoria. Resultados: Durante este período se operaron 2.095 pacientes de BPGLP, 12 de los cuales presentaron una úlcera marginal perforada, correspondientes a 10 mujeres y 2 hombres. El promedio de edad fue 39 años (21-60) y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) promedio al momento de la primera cirugía fue 34 (29,3-38,6). Diez pacientes tenían hábito tabáquico activo al momento de la perforación. La ocurrencia de esta sucedió en promedio a los 27 meses (rango 3-54, mediana 23,5) de la cirugía. En 11 casos la resolución fue quirúrgica, mediante abordaje laparoscópico en 9 y laparotomía en 2. En todos los casos se encontró una úlcera perforada en la vertiente yeyunal de la gastro-yeyuno anastomosis. No hubo mortalidad ni morbilidad asociada a la cirugía. Conclusiones: En nuestra experiencia la ocurrencia de úlcera marginal perforada post BPGLP se desarrolla en un bajo porcentaje de pacientes. El abordaje laparoscópico es de elección, presentando una baja morbimortalidad. El hábito tabáquico estuvo presente en la mayoría de los pacientes.

Valentino appendix: a report of 3 cases

We present three cases of young male patients with perforated duodenal ulcer that were diagnosed and treated as appendicitis with appendectomy. They presented with peritonitis and were treated accordingly. Because of the misdiagnosis, their hospital course was significantly prolonged. This morbidity could have been avoided by careful history-taking, examination and per-operative findings

Manejo de las úlceras pépticas perforadas. Años 2005 a 2013 / Management of ulcers peptic perforated. Years 2005-2013

La perforación de úlceras pépticas se presenta del 1 al 6% de los pacientes ulcerosos, infrecuente, pero representa una complicación grave con morbi-mortalidad elevada. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de úlcera péptica perforada (UPP) en los abdómenes agudos, factores predisponentes, tratamiento, morbilidad y mortalidad. Pacientes y método: Trabajo descriptivo, retrospectivo, observacional de pacientes que consultaron en urgencias, con diagnóstico de UPP en la IICCQ; marzo-2005 a diciembre-2013. Resultados: Ingresaron 308 pacientes con abdomen agudo quirúrgico, 30 (9,7%) con diagnóstico de UPP; 27 varones y 3 mujeres, edad promedio 54 (26-82 años). Tiempo de evolución en promedio de 14hs (4-72hs). Los síntomas predominantes fueron: dolor abdominal, náuseas y vómitos. Factores predisponentes: consumo de AINES, etilismo y tabaquismo. El diagnóstico se realizó por clínica, radiografía de tórax (neumoperitoneo) y en algunos casos de manera intraoperatoria. El tratamiento quirúrgico consistió en sutura primaria y epiploplastia en 27 casos; 2 casos, antrectomía y gastro-yeyunoanastomosis en Y de Roux y 1 caso, resección en cuña de la úlcera y sutura primaria. La localización de la úlcera fue: 13 casos en región prepilórica; 7 en antro; 4 en píloro; 3 en primera porción duodenal y 3 en cuerpo gástrico. El tamaño de la misma fue entre 0,5-4 cm de diámetro. Complicaciones registradas: 3 casos de atelectasia; 3 de neumonía intrahospitalaria; 3 de infección de herida operatoria, 1 de inestabilidad hemodinámica; 1 laceración hepática; 2 evisceraciones; 1 fístula enterocutánea y 2 de infección de vías urinarias. La mortalidad fue de 6,6%, (2 casos); uno por sepsis de origen abdominal y otro por hemorragia digestiva alta masiva.La UPP corresponde a un cuadro grave. El tratamiento quirúrgico es la terapia de elección para el episodio agudo. A pesar de la gravedad, no registramos mortalidad elevada con respecto a otras series.

Perforation of peptic ulcers occurs from 1 to 6% of the ulcer, rarely, but represents a serious complication with high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the frequency of perforated peptic ulcer (PPU) in acute abdomens, predisposing factors, treatment, morbidity and mortality. Patients and Methods: Research descriptive, retrospective and observational, at the emergency room with patients diagnosed with UPP in IICCQ; Mar-2005 to December-2013. Results: 308 patients were admitted with acute abdomen, 30 (9.7%) diagnosed with UPP; 27 men and 3 women, mean age 54 (26-82 years). Time evolution of average 14hs (4-72hs). The predominant symptoms were abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Predisposing factors: NSAID, alcohol consumption and smoking. The diagnosis was made by clinical, chest radiography (pneumoperitoneum) and in some cases intraoperatively. Surgical treatment consisted of primary suture and epiploplasty in 27 cases; 2 cases, gastroyeyunoanastomosis antrectomy and Roux-Y and 1 case, wedge resection of the ulcer and primary suture. The location of the ulcer was: 13 cases in prepyloric region; 7 in the antrum; 4 in pylorus; 3 in the first duodenal portion and 3 in the gastric body. Same size was between 0.5-4 cm in diameter. Complications recorded 3 cases of atelectasis; 3 of nosocomial pneumonia; 3 of wound infection, 1 of hemodynamic instability; 1 liver laceration; 2 evisceration; 1 3 enterocutaneous fistula and 2 urinary tract infection. The mortality was 6.6% (2 cases); one abdominal sepsis and another massive upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The UPP is for a severe case. Surgical treatment is the therapy of choice for acute episode. Despite the seriousness, not checking high mortality compared with other series.

Utilidad de la puntuación de boey y portsmouth-possum fisiológico en pacientes con úlcera péptica perforada / Performance of boey score and physiologic portsmouth-possum in patients with perforated peptic ulcer

Introduction: Surgical scores such as Boey and physiologic Portsmouth-POSSUM have been independently applied to patients with perforated ulcer to stratify their surgical risk. However, there are no studies comparing both scores. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of Boey score and Portsmouth-POSSUM in patients with perforated peptic ulcer. Methods: A retrospective comparative study was performed including 108 consecutive patients older than 15-years submitted to emergency surgery from January 2002 to June 2012. Patients operated on for perforated gastric cancer were excluded. The primary outcome measure was to compare the performance of Portsmouth-POSSUM and Boey score. Secondary outcome measures were to determine cutoff points for Portsmouth-POSSUM, Boey score, C-reactive protein (CRP), and white blood cells (WBC) count, to predict patients at risk for complications. Results: The best cutoff point for CRP was 37.5 mg/l, and for WBC was 11.600 mm³ (OR 2.9 and 4.4). The best cutoff point for physiologic Portsmouth-POSSUM was 14, for surgical Portsmouth-POSSUM were 12, and for predictive Portsmouth-POSSUM was 0.8 percent. A time of perforation higher than 24 h had an OR of 35, and Boey score of 3 had an OR of 38.3. When Boey score was 2, with preoperative shock and time of perforation higher than 24 h being the positive variables, the OR was 194.3. Conclusions: Boey score performed better than Portsmouth-POSSUM, remaining a more specific score to stratify patients submitted to emergency surgery for perforated peptic ulcer.

Introducción: Puntuaciones pronósticas como la de Boey y el Portsmouth-POSSUM han sido utilizadas en pacientes con úlcera perforada para estratificar el riesgo quirúrgico. No existen estudios que comparen ambas puntuaciones. El objetivo del presente estudio es el de comparar el rendimiento de estas puntuaciones en pacientes con úlcera péptica perforada. Métodos: Se diseñó un estudio comparativo retrospectivo que incluyó 108 pacientes consecutivos mayores de 15 años sometidos a cirugía de urgencia entre enero de 2002 y junio de 2012. Se excluyeron pacientes operados por cáncer gástrico perforado. El objetivo principal fue comparar el rendimiento de la puntuación de Boey con Portsmouth-POSSUM. Los objetivos secundarios fueron determinar los puntos de corte para Portsmouth-POSSUM, puntuación de Boey, proteína C-reactiva (PCR) y recuento de leucocitos (RL) como factores predictivos de riesgo. Resultados: El mejor punto de corte para PCR fue 37,5 mg/l y para RL 11.600 mm³ (OR 2,9 y 4,4). El mejor punto de corte para Portsmouth-POSSUM fisiológico fue 14, para Portsmouth-POSSUM quirúrgico fue 12 y para Portsmouth-POSSUM predictivo fue 0,8 por ciento. Un tiempo de perforación mayor a 24 h tenía un OR de 35 y un puntaje de Boey de 3 tenía un OR de 38,3. Cuando el puntaje de Boey fue 2 con las variables choque preoperatorio y perforación mayor a 24 h, el OR fue 194,3. Conclusiones: La puntuación de Boey presentó mejor rendimiento que Portsmouth-POSSUM, representando una puntuación más específica para estratificar pacientes sometidos a cirugía de urgencia por úlcera perforada.

Complications and Management of Peptic Ulcer Disease

Despite the improvement of medical managements of peptic ulcer and decline of Helicobacter pylori infection, complications of peptic ulcer are still prevalent in clinical practice. This is because of the increased use of ulcerogenic medications such as aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) in elderly patients. Peptic ulcer complications include bleeding, perforation, penetration and gastric outlet obstruction. These complications need to be managed by multidisciplinary approaches such as combination of endoscopic treatment, radiologic embolization, or surgical treatments. In addition to using proton pump inhibitors, H. pylori eradication and discontinuing ulcerogenic medications are essential in the prevention of recurrence. Although uncommon, non-H. pylori, non-NSAID ulcers should be suspected as a potential cause in recurrent cases of peptic ulcer complications.

Gastric ulcer perforation credited to paracoccidioidomycosis. Case report with autopsy / Úlcera gástrica perfurada por paracoccidioidomicose. Relato de caso com necropsia

Paracoccidioidomycosis or South American blastomycosis is an endemic disease that occurs predominantly in rural South America, caused by a termo-dimorphic fungus named Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Its epidemiologic importance relates to its characteristics of transmissibility, susceptibility and morbidity, in addition to its high cost due to prolonged medical monitoring. It has a polymorfims in the description, explained by absent or nonspecific initial symptoms such as night sweats, weight loss or fever, and later symptoms according to its location of involvemente. The objective of this study was to report a case of uncommon presentation of this pathology. The case repot is the autopsy of a 74-year-old, white, female patient with predominant manifestation in the gastrointestinal tract originating from paracoccidioidomycosis, and complicated by one of the gastric ulcer perforation. This is an unusual presentation, and reports of gastric perforation credited to this agent were not found in the literature...

Paracoccidioidomicose ou blastomicose Sul Americana é uma enfermidade endêmica rural que ocorre predominantemente na América Latina, tendo como etiologia o fungo termodimórfico Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Sua importância epidemiológica está nas características de transmissibilidade, suscetibilidade e morbidade dos casos, além de seu alto custo, devido ao acompanhamento médico prolongado. É uma doença cujos sintomas iniciais são ausentes ou inespecíficos como sudorese noturna, emagrecimento ou febre, diferente dos sintomas tardios, que acontecem conforme sua localização de acometimento, o que justifica o polimorfismo em sua descrição. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de apresentação incomum dessa doença. Caso clínico com necrópsia de paciente do gênero feminino, 74 anos, branca, com manifestações clínicas predominantes no trato gastrintestinal provenientes de paracoccidioidomicose complicada pela perfuração de uma das úlceras gástricas. Trata-se de uma apresentação incomum e não foram encontrados relatos na literatura de perfuração de úlcera gástrica creditada a esse agente...

Perfuração gástrica em um canino induzida por nimesulida / Gastric perforation in a canine induced by nimesulide

Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (AINEs) têm sido muito utilizados na clínica de pequenos animais (FOX e JOHNSTON, 1997). Esses medicamentos possuem excelentes efeitos terapêuticos no alívio da dor e no tratamento de processos inflamatórios, no entanto possuem efeitos adversos especialmente no trato gastrointestinal onde podem promover o aparecimento de úlceras focais. As úlceras são lesões caracterizadas pela destruição da mucosa do trato gastroentérico (WILLARD, 2003). O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o tratamento cirúrgico de um canino diagnosticado com úlcera gástrica perfurante devido ao uso de nimesulida.

Perfuração de úlcera gastroduodenal em felino – relato de caso / Gastroduodenal perfuration ulcer in a cat – case report

As úlceras gastroduodenais são incomuns em gatos e suas causas ainda não estão bem esclarecidas (LIPTAK et al., 2002; CARIOU et al., 2010). Contudo, elas podem estar associadas a neoplasias, anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais, estresse, hiperacidez gástrica, hipovolemia, falência renal, endoparasitas e intoxicações (LIPTAK et al., 2002; NELSON e COUTO, 2006; CARIOU et al., 2010). O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar um caso de úlcera gastroduodenal em felino.