Tratamento da úlcera plantar devido à hanseníase / Treatment of leprosy-induced plantar ulcers

Introdução: A úlcera plantar por hanseníase é uma lesão no pé resultante da falta de sensibilidade plantar. O objetivo é descrever o tratamento realizado em portadores de úlceras plantares por hanseníase. Métodos: Estudo de prontuários de portadores de úlcera plantar atendidos no Hospital Sarah em Brasília, de 2006 a 2016, quanto ao sexo, idade, etiologia, localização e tratamento. Resultados: Foram atendidos 27 pacientes, 17(62,96%) homens e 10 (37,04%) mulheres, procedentes de Goiás e DF, na faixa etária de 41 a 60 anos (40,74%). Todos necessitaram de um ou mais procedimentos cirúrgicos. Conclusão: Observou-se maior frequência no sexo masculino, grau avançado, localizadas no primeiro artelho. Todos necessitaram de procedimentos cirúrgicos e não cirúrgicos, evoluindo com cicatrização completa da ferida, amputação transtibial em um caso e de artelhos em sete casos, e 90% dos casos apresentaram recorrência da úlcera após um ano.

Introduction: Leprosy-induced plantar ulcers result from a lack of plantar sensitivity. Objective: This study aimed to describe the treatment provided to patients with leprosy-induced plantar ulcers. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with plantar ulcers treated at Sarah Hospital in Brasilia from 2006 to 2016 and collected information about sex, age, etiology, location, and treatment. Results: A total of 27 patients (17 [62.96%] men, 10 [37.04%] women; 40.74% were aged 41­60 years) were treated from Goiás and the Federal District. All required ≥1 surgical procedure. Conclusion: A higher frequency of advanced grade was observed in men, primarily on the first toe. All needed surgical and non-surgical procedures and achieved complete wound healing. Transtibial amputation was required in 1 case and toe amputation in 7 cases; 90% patients developed ulcer recurrence after 1 year.

Bacterial genus is a risk factor for major amputation in patients with diabetic foot / Gênero bacteriano é fator de risco para amputação maior em pacientes com pé diabético

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate whether bacterial genus is a risk factor for major amputation in patients with diabetic foot and infected ulcer. Methods: we conducted a case-control, observational study of 189 patients with infected ulcers in diabetic feet admitted to the Vascular Surgery Service of the Risoleta Tolentino Neves Hospital, from January 2007 to December 2012. The bacteriological evaluation was performed in deep tissue cultures from the lesions and amputation was considered major when performed above the foot'smiddle tarsus. Results: the patients'mean age was 61.9±12.7 years; 122 (64.6%) were men. The cultures were positive in 86.8%, being monomicrobial in 72% of the cases. In patients with major amputation, Acinetobacter spp. (24.4%), Morganella spp. (24.4%), Proteus spp. (23.1%) and Enterococcus spp. (19.2%) were the most frequent types of bacteria. The most commonly isolated species were Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis. As predictors of major amputation, we identified the isolation of the generaAcinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp., serum creatinine ≥1.3mg/dl and hemoglobin <11g/dl. Conclusion: the bacterial genera Acinetobacter spp. and Klebsiella spp. identified in infected ulcers of patients with diabetic foot were associated with a higher incidence of major amputation.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar se gênero bacteriano é fator de risco para amputação maior em pacientes com pé diabético e úlcera infectada. Método: estudo observacional do tipo caso-controle de 189 pacientes com úlcera infectada em pé diabético admitidos pelo Serviço de Cirurgia Vascular do Hospital Risoleta Tolentino Neves, no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2012. A avaliação bacteriológica foi realizada em cultura de tecido profundo das lesões e a amputação foi considerada como maior quando realizada acima do médio tarso do pé. Resultados: a média de idade dos pacientes foi 61,9±12,7 anos e 122 (64,6%) eram homens. As culturas foram positivas em 86,8%, sendo monomicrobianas em 72% dos casos. Nos pacientes com amputação maior, os gêneros de bactérias mais frequentes foram Acinetobacter spp. (24,4%), Morganella spp. (24,4%), Proteus spp. (23,1%) e Enterococcus spp. (19,2%) e as espécies mais isoladas foram Acinetobacter baumannii, Morganella morganii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Proteus mirabilis. Identificou-se como fatores preditivos para amputação maior o isolamento dos gêneros Acinetobacter spp. e Klebsiella spp.,e níveis séricos de creatinina ≥1,3mg/dl e de hemoglobina <11g/dl. Conclusão: os gêneros bacterianos Acinetobacter spp. e Klebsiella spp. identificados nas úlceras infectadas dos pacientes com pé diabético associaram-se a maior incidência de amputação maior.

Reconstrucción de partes blandas de la planta del pie: retrospective analysis of 12 patients / Soft tissue reconstruction of the sole: retrospective analysis of 12 patients

Background: An adequate reconstruction of foot soft tissue, specially in the sole, is crucial to restore functional capacity. Aim: To report the experience with reconstruction of sole soft tissues. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of 12 patients aged 19 to 72 years (seven males), subjected to reconstruction of soft tissue defects in the sole. Results: The lesions were secondary to excisions of malignant melanomas in seven patients, old traumatisms in two patients, a burn lesion in one patient and a diabetic ulcer in one patient. The reconstruction techniques used were skin grafts in one patient, local flaps in eight and free flaps in three patients. Five patients experienced complications and one of these required a new reconstructive surgery. Functional recovery was adequate in 11 patients. Conclusions: Reconstructive surgery of the sole can achieve an adequate functional recovery in most operated patients.

Se presenta una casuística de 12 pacientes que requirieron reconstrucción de la planta del pie en el Hospital de la Universidad Católica entre los años 2005 y 2008. La etiología principal fueron lesiones tumorales en 7 casos; las técnicas de reconstrucción fueron: injerto de piel (1 paciente), colgajos locales (8 pacientes) y colgajos libres (3 pacientes). Hubo complicaciones en 5 pacientes, uno de los cuales requirió una nueva cirugía reconstructiva. La recuperación funcional fue adecuada en 11 de los 12 pacientes.

Dorsal resection of metatarsal head for diabetic foot plantar ulcers

Treatment of diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers is a difficult challenge for general surgeon. Major changes have taken place in the management of diabetic foot ulcers in the past decade. A full appreciation of the causes of foot ulceration, and accurate categorization of the patient population combined with early, aggressive surgical care have led to a considerable reduction of patient morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of surgical excision of the metatarsal head from the dorsal aspect of the foot on healing of diabetic plantar foot ulcers. A prospective study was carried out on 66 diabetic patients with plantar forefoot ulcers. All ulcers had remained unhealed despite intensive conservative treatment. All patients were subjected to metatarsal head resection operation through dorsal incision to alleviate high pressure areas and enable rapid healing of ulcers. The study was performed during the period 2002 - 2007. The mean age was 49.9 +/- 7.2 years. The mean preoperative time for which ulcers had been present was 21.1 +/- 2.3 months. The mean postoperative time was 3.1 +/- 1.2 months without recurrence. The mean follow up period was 12.1 +/- 6.2 months during which we recorded minor complications in seven patients. The numerous manifestations of diabetic neuropathy affect up to 50% of patients but despite much intensive research, the pathophysiology remains unclear. Neurological deficits in combination with prolonged hyperglycemia play an important role in the evolution of these lesions. Creation of high plantar pressure areas with increased shear forces on the sole lead to prominence of metatarsal heads that act as a hummer striking point during ambulation. Metatarsal head resection is designed to reduce the pressure at the ulcer site enabling rapid healing. The results of our study show that all ulcers healed within a short time [3.1 +/- 1.2 month] without recurrence. metatarsal head resection is a simple and reliable procedure for treatment of diabetic neuropathic ulcers

The vacuum assisted closure of complex wounds: report of 3 cases

Treatment of wounds using conventional methods is frequently limited by inadequate local wound conditions, or by a poor systemic clinical situation. Vacuum system may promote faster granulation tissue formation, remove excessive exudate, increase blood flow in the wound, and attract the borders of the wound to the center, reducing its dimension. We present 3 cases of patients with difficult wounds, due to bad local conditions, or poor clinical situation, in whom we used a vacuum system to prepare the wound for the surgical closure. One patient had a pressure ulcer, another had a diabetic foot ulcer, and the third one had an open foot stump. In the 3 cases a significant improvement of the wound conditions was achieved after 7 to 8 days, allowing successful surgical treatment with flap or skin grafts

Techniques for covering soft tissue defects resulting from plantar ulcers in leprosy: Part II--First toe web and dorsal foot flaps.

The first toe web flap consists of the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the contiguous sides between the great and second toes. It is based on the first dorsal metatarsal artery or the common plantar digital artery. This flap was used as artery pedicled island graft to reconstruct losses of skin and soft tissue cushion in the ball of the foot in the first and second metatarsal head region in 16 cases. Follow-up examination revealed that ulceration had recurred in one case due to dehiscence of the flap margin 12 months post-operatively. The other 15 patients have done well without recurrence at 48 to 124 months follow-up examination. The dorsal flap of the foot based on the dorsalis pedis artery, the corresponding veins and the deep peroneal nerve was designed in 1974 to resurface skin and soft tissue defects in the sole of the foot. This flap was used in 30 cases of leprosy with excellent results. During follow-up 36 to 120 months after surgery the plantar ulcer had recurred in only one case. All the others have done well. The long-term curative effect has thus proved satisfactory.

Techniques for covering soft tissue defects resulting from plantar ulcers in leprosy: Part I--General considerations and summary of results.

Recurrent plantar ulceration is a common and serious complication occurring consequent to impairment of the tibial nerve in leprosy patients. In spite of many therapies and long therapeutic course, it is extremely difficult to abolish this complication in many cases because of extensive skin and soft tissue cushion loss due to repeated infection. Since the early 70's we have been using microscopic surgical techniques to reconstruct the ulcerated area using eight types of the flaps. In this series of papers we review our experience (76 patients). Post-operatively, the flaps survived in all cases, the long-term results have proved satisfactory, and recurrent ulceration occurred in only three patients.

Calcifilaxia en tres pacientes con insuficiencia renal terminal / Calciphilaxis in thre patients with end stage renal disease

Calcifilaxia es una afección poco frecuente y grave que afecta casi exclusivamente a pacientes con enfermedad renal terminal y se caracteriza por presentar necrosis cutáneas que evoluciona e4n un alto porcentaje a la muerte por sepsis. En todos los casos se observa estrechamiento y oclusión de arterias y arteriolas con calcificación intramural, con ó sin fibrosis de la intima y formación de trombos en venúlas y arteriolas de pequeño y mediano calibre. Su etiología es incierta y las terapeúticas instituidas hasta el momento insatisfactorias

Tratamento do mal perfurante plantar pela técnica de plastia plantar en V-Y / Treatment of the plantar penetrating disease by the plantar plasty technique in V-Y

Vinte e dois pacientes com úlcera plantar foram submetidos a 25 procedimentos cirúrgicos para excisao parcial da cabeça do metatarsiano envolvido e plastia plantar em V-Y. Três pacientes tinham lesoes bilaterais e foram operados de ambos os lados. Vinte e um pacientes apresentavam úlceras relacionadas com polineuropatia periférica (PNP) diabética e um com PNP alcóolica. Dezoito pacientes eram do sexo masculino e quatro do feminino, com idades variando entre 42 e 82 anos. As úlceras estavam presentes entre 2 e 24 meses e o tamanho variou de 1,5 a 3,5 cm. Sua localizaçao mais freqüente foi ao nível da cabeça do l( metatarsiano. Todos apresentaram boa integraçao do retalho. Quatro doentes tiveram infecçao superficial, com cicatrizaçao secundária. Nao houve recidiva da úlcera no período médio de seguimento de 19 meses (2 a 36 meses). Conclui-se que esta técnica mostrou-se muito eficiente para o tratamento do "mal perfurante plantar".