Manifestaciones orales de la viruela símica y recomendaciones para su prevención en la práctica odontológica / Oral manifestations of monkeypox and recommendations for its prevention in dental practice

El brote reciente de viruela símica ha despertado el interés de la comunidad internacional por su creciente número de contagiados en países no endémicos. Entre sus síntomas se encuentran la fiebre, dolor de cabeza, fatiga, dolor muscular, exantema y linfadenoma. La cavidad bucal es el lugar en el que suelen aparecer los primeros signos de la enfermedad. Por tanto, el objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer las principales manifestaciones orales de la viruela del mono y enumerar algunas recomendaciones de prevención. Para ello, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica entre 2012 y 2022 en la base de datos PubMed, usando las palabras clave, en inglés, monkeypox, oral manifestation y transmission. Se garantizó que, de los 14 documentos seleccionados, al menos el 80%, fueran publicaron en 2022. Las manifestaciones orales más frecuentes fueron: úlcera eritematosa, vesículas-ulcerosas y las asociadas a linfadenopatía (disfagia, odinofagia y faringitis). Entre las recomendaciones se encuentran: uso de mascarilla N95 y visores faciales, lavado constante de manos y espacios y atención de contagiados solo por eventos agudos (urgencias). Aunque no se ha confirmado, es posible que el Tecovirimat sea de ayuda en pacientes con sintomatología grave. Se concluye que es necesario que los odontólogos sepan distinguir los signos orales de la enfermedad para que contribuyan a cortar la cadena de contagio y deriven prontamente a los sospechosos para que se hagan las pruebas diagnósticas y las terapias medicamentosas de manera oportuna(AU)

The recent outbreak of monkeypox has aroused the interest of the international community due to its growing number of infections in non-endemic countries. Its symptoms include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, rash, and lymphadenoma. The oral cavity is the place where the first signs of the disease usually appear. Therefore, the objective of this work was to establish the main oral manifestations of monkeypox and list some prevention recommendations. For this, a bibliographic review was carried out between 2012 and 2022 in the PubMed database, using the keywords, in English, monkeypox, oral manifestation and transmission. It was guaranteed that, of the 14 selected documents, at least 80% would be published in 2022. The most frequent oral manifestations were: erythematous ulcer, ulcer-vesicles and those associated with lymphadenopathy (dysphagia, odynophagia and pharyngitis). Among the recommendations are: use of N95 mask and face visors, constant washing of hands and spaces, and attention to those infected only due to acute events (emergencies). Although it has not been confirmed, it is possible that Tecovirimat is helpful in patients with severe symptoms. It is concluded that it is necessary for dentists to know how to distinguish the oral signs of the disease so that they contribute to breaking the chain of contagion and promptly refer suspects to diagnostic tests and drug therapies in a timely manner(AU)

Oral mucosal lesions in complete denture wearers

To determine the frequency of oral lesions related to gender, age, the length of time of denture usage, the balance of denture and cleaning methods. 106 patients who had old complete dentures and came to Dental Department to have new complete dentures were registered in the study. Frequency in relation to different factors was estimated. Cleaning methods and frequency were divided into 3 subgroups respectively as tooth brush and tooth paste/soap, denture cleansing tablets and sodium carbonate and 3 times a day, every day, every 3 days and once a week. Distributions of oral lesions in different areas were noted. The data obtained were evaluated by one-way ANOVA u test, student t test. The level of statistical significance was set at p<0.05. In 106 patients [51 men and 55 women], 37-80 years of age with a mean age of 60.28 years, oral lesions were present more as the age increases, the more lesions were observed In female patients and associated with unstable dentures. The patients displayed statistically significant difference in presence of oral lesions with the method of cleaning and the way the patients used their dentures. The complete denture wearers should be educated about the importance of periodic examination due to changes of supporting tissues and early detection of mucosal lesions to maintain their oral and denture hygiene in optimum level

Prevención del cáncer bucal: lesiones cancerizables de la cavidad bucal / Prevention of oral cancer: cancerous lesions of the oral cavity

El cáncer bucal representa el 3 por ciento de los tumores malignos humanos. En nuestro país, la sobrevida es del 39 por ciento a los 5 años, lo que significa la muerte de la mayoría de los pacientes (61 por ciento) a los cinco años. Mundialmente, existen campañas con el fin de concientizar a la población sobre la existencia y prevención del cáncer bucal. La forma de prevenirlo es reconocer por parte del odontólogo, las lesiones que más frecuentemente pueden transformarse en cáncer, como ser el liquen no reticular en su forma erosiva, atrófica y queratósica, la ulceración traumática, la queilitis crónica y la leucoplasia. En este artículo se darán pautas claras y simples para reconocer, identificar y controlar las mencionadas lesiones, con el objetivo de orientar el diagnóstico precoz.

[Oral ulcers in patients undergoing chemotherapy; clinical characteristics and their relation with herpes simplex virus type I]

Several studies have shown that herpes simplex infection is the most prevalence etiologic factor for oral ulcers in patients under chemotherapy, and in leukemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics of oral ulcers and their relation with herpes simplex virus infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy. This descriptive and cross- sectional study was performed on patients receiving chemotherapy in Kerman hospital in 2006. Forty one patients [31 males and 10 females] with oral ulcers were studied. The most common type of cancer was acute lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed in 20 patients. Samples were prepared from ulcers by sterile swabs and were sent to laboratory for Polymerase Chain Reaction [PCR] procedure. The obtained data were analyzed by chi- square and t- test using SPSS 13.5 program. In this study, of all patients with oral ulcers, 75.6% were men and 24.4% were women. The result of PCR test was positive in 28 cases [68.3%]. Thirty patients [73.2%] had single oral ulcer and 11 cases [26.8%] were suffered from multiple ulcers. The most prevalence sites for the oral ulcers were tongue, buccal mucosa, and lip. It was concluded that the etiologic factor of oral ulcers in more than 50% of the patients under chemotherapy was herpes virus infection. Therefore, the antivirus treatment with prophylaxis should be performed for these patients. In addition, it must be considered that the clinical symptoms in diagnosis of this infection are not sufficient, and other tests such as PCR should be used

Evaluation of an oral preventive protocol in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia

This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of a preventive oral protocol in children receiving antineoplastic treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) before initiating a larger intervention study. During a seven month period, fourteen children from two to ten years old with a diagnosis of ALL were evaluated. Patients with ALL who received a 0.12 percent chlorhexidine mouth rinse (seven children) were compared to a control group of patients who were not given the same preventive treatment (seven children) as to the occurrence of oral mucosal complications. Children in both groups received daily oral hygiene care, and were examined daily by the pediatric dentistry team until discharge. A significant decrease in the incidence of oral mucositis and ulceration was observed in the children who received a 0.12 percent chlorhexidine mouth rinse (p < 0.05 by Fisher's exact test). The findings obtained in the present trial are encouraging, and suggest that the systematic application of a preventive protocol reduces the incidence of oral complications in children with ALL receiving chemotherapy