Abscesso subperiosteal com extensão epidural devido à rinossinusite aguda em criança de dez anos / Subperiosteal abscess with epidural extension due to acute rhinosinusitis in a ten-year-old child

RESUMO A rinossinusite aguda é uma das afecções mais prevalentes das vias aéreas superiores. Fatores anatômicos presentes em crianças e jovens propiciam o aparecimento de complicações orbitárias. Embora mais raras, as complicações intracranianas das rinossinusites perfazem um grau alto de letalidade, são mais comuns em pacientes acima de sete anos, e devem ser tratadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar.

ABSTRACT Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most prevalent diseases of the upper airways. Anatomical factors present in children and young people allow for the onset of orbital complications. Although rare, intracranial complications of sinusitis account for a high degree of lethality, are more common in patients over the age of seven, and should be treated by a multidisciplinary team.

Adolescence spinal epidural abscess with neurological symptoms: case report, a lesson to be re-Iearnt

Epidural abscess of the spinal column is a rare condition that can be fatal if left untreated. It promptly progresses and can cause neurologic paralysis, urinary retention or cauda equina syndrome. Compromised immune system that occurs in patients with diabetes mellitus, AIDS, chronic renal failure, alcoholism, or cancer is a predisposing factor. It mostly occurs in adults. Here we would like to report a case of spontaneous pyogenic lumbar epidural abscess with neurological deficit diagnosed in a 15 year old boy. We treated this case successfully with surgical microscopic decompression and drainage

Síndrome confusional agudo como forma de presentación de un absceso espinal / Acute confusional syndrome as way of presentation of a spinal abscess

La alteración del nivel de conciencia puede ser producida por múltiples causas, es un síndrome que requiere de una actuación ordenada, rápida y eficaz; ya que se trata de una urgencia médica en la que el tiempo siempre va en contra del paciente. La aproximación al paciente geriátrico con alteración del nivel de conciencia debe ir encaminada al tratamiento de su causa y prevención de sus complicaciones. Objetivo: presentar un caso poco frecuente con un absceso espinal que debutó con un síndrome confusional agudo. Caso Clínico: paciente de 62 años de edad que inicia de forma aguda con cambio en su comportamiento, insomnio, abandono de hábitos cotidianos, se le olvida donde deja las cosas y está muy irritable. Al examen físico se encuentra: trastornos en la perceptividad y esfera cognitiva, dolor a la percusión, movilización de las apófisis espinosas dorsales I y II. Se practicó una resonancia magnética nuclear de región dorsal, la cual demostró la presencia de una lesión en el espacio epidural que se extendía desde el segundo al sexto segmento dorsal .Se llevó de forma urgente al salón de operaciones, se realizó abordaje posterior al raquis dorsal, a través del cual se evacuó un absceso epidural. En un período de 12 días las manifestaciones neuropsiquiatras desaparecieron. Conclusiones: el síndrome confusional agudo es una enfermedad que se puede ver entre el 10-15 por ciento de los pacientes con una enfermedad médico-quirúrgico, incidencia que se eleva hasta el 30 por ciento en los ancianos, y puede ser la forma de presentación poco frecuente de una infección intrarraquídea. El diagnóstico oportuno y tratamiento eficaz impidieron la progresión de las manifestaciones neurológicas y revirtieron la sintomatología.

The alteration of the level of consciousness may be produced by multiple causes; it is a syndrome that requires an orderly, quick and effective performance; since it is a medical urgency in which time always goes against the patient. The approach to the geriatric patient with alteration of the level of consciousness should be guided to the treatment of its cause and to the prevention of their complications. Objective: to present an infrequent case with a spinal abscess that started with an acute confusional syndrome. Clinical case: a 62 years old patient begins with an acute change in his behavior, insomnia, abandonment of daily habits, forgot things and also very irritable. To the physical examination were found: perceptivity disorders and cognitive sphere, pain at percussion, mobilization of I and II dorsal spines (DI-DII). A nuclear magnetic resonance of dorsal region was practiced, which showed up a lesion in the epidural space that extended from the second to the sixth segment (DII to DVI). He was taken urgently to the surgical room; he was carried out a posterior approach to the dorsal rachis, through which an epidural abscess was evacuated. In twelve days, neuropsychiatry manifestations disappeared. Conclusions: acute confusional syndrome is a disease that may be found between 10-15 percent of patients with a medical-surgical disease, incidence that rises until 30 percent in the old men, and may be an infrequent form of presentation of an intrarrhachidian infection. The opportune diagnosis and effective treatment impeded the progression of neurological manifestations and the symptomatology was reverted.

Empiema raquídeo en pediatría: dificultades en el diagnóstico y las decisiones terapéuticas / Spinal empyema in children: difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment decisions

El empiema raquídeo es una patología poco frecuente en niños. La sospecha clínica del mismo es fundamental para realizar un diagnóstico temprano e iniciar un tratamiento adecuado y oportuno que cambie el pronóstico vital y funcional del paciente. Sin embargo, el mismo es dificultoso en la mayoría de los pacientes dada la poca expresividad clínica al inicio de la enfermedad. En cuanto al tratamiento, se propone que es médico y quirúrgico, estando en discusión la exclusividad del primero y el momento oportuno para el segundo en algunos casos. Se presenta el caso de un niño de 7 años, que presentó un empiema raquídeo en el contexto de una infección de cuero cabelludo. Su presentación clínica, al igual que lo descripto en la literatura, fue insidiosa. Se inició tratamiento antibiótico, pero el aumento de la colección evidenciada en la resonancia magnética requirió la decomprensión quirúrgica. El paciente evolucionó de manera favorable, sin signos neurológicos deficitarios.

Absceso Espinal Epidural secundario a bloqueo terapéutico: presentación de un caso / Epidural spinal abscess secondary to therapeutic blockade: presentation of a case

El Absceso Espinal Epidural es una colección purulenta que se localiza entre la duramadre y el canal raquimedular, siendo una entidad rara, y constituye una situación devastadora, causando una alta morbimortalidad si no se le da un seguimiento adecuado. Se origina por extensión directa (contigüidad, procedimientos invasivos locales) o por diseminación a partir de focos infecciosos a distancia (vía hematógena). Tiene una incidencia de 1 por cada 10 000 pacientes, con mayor afección en la tercera edad (sexta década), sin obviar las demás, incluyendo la infancia, con reportes en la literatura de más de 90 casos; con el advenimiento de drogas que se utilizan por vía endovenosa hay tendencia a aumentar en la población joven, así como, un predominio del sexo masculino. Es una patología de baja incidencia, la fiebre y el dorso lumbalgia son los síntomas más frecuentes, seguido de dolor de distribución radicular asociado a déficit motor y trastornos de esfínter tanto anal como vesical. En ocasiones puede desarrollar un cuadro séptico, llegando al shock séptico. El estudio de elección es la resonancia magnética con gadolinio. Constituye una urgencia tanto neuroquirúrgica como infectológica. En los pacientes con déficit neurológico, la cirugía es el tratamiento de elección, sumado a la antibióticoterapia.

Spinal epidural abscess: report of five cases

Spinal epidural abscess [SEA] is a rare disease, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Recently, incidence of the disease is increasing because of increased predisposing factors. Five cases with spinal epidural abscess admitted with neurologic deficits are reported here. Of these, one was an IV-drug abuser while in another case osteomyelitis resulted from tuberculosis. No source of infection was identified in other cases. All patients underwent urgent decompressive multilevel laminectomy followed by antibiotic therapy based on blood culture results. Finally, 3 patients could ambulate independently while the other two patients were left without improvement in neurologic status. SEA is a devastating condition if not diagnosed and treated promptly and effectively. Preoperative MR imaging provides a noninvasive, accurate means of diagnosis in this condition. Recent advances in the surgical treatment of SEA have resulted in the increased use of less-invasive surgical techniques, thereby decreasing the morbidity associated with surgery in both the short and long term

Extensive spinal epidural abscess

Spinal epidural abscess [SEA] is a rare clinical entity associated with a high morbidity and mortality. It usually spans 3-4 levels. The literature contains very few reports of extensive or panspinal epidural abscesses and hence there is no consensus on management of such cases. We describe a case of 56 years old male presenting with a posteriorly located SEA extending from the Foramen Magnum to thoracolumbar junction. The abscess had led to quadriparesis for the last 24 hours. This abscess was treated operatively by performing noncontiguous minimally invasive decompressions of the cervical and thoracic spine. The patient showed progressive improvement in neurologic status and was walking with minimal support at 4 months of follow-up

Espondilodiscitis y absceso epidural candidiásico / Candida spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess

Candida spondylodiscitis associatd with epidural abscess is rarely seen. We present a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma who received chemotherapy and developed systemic Candida infection, which was complicated by Candida spondylodiscitis and epidural abscess

Candida spondylodiscitis associatd with epiduralabscess is rarely seen. We present a patient with Hodgkin lymphoma who received chemotherapyand developed systemic Candida infection, which was complicated by Candida spondylodiscitis and epiduralabscess

Cervical Epidural Abscess Secondary to Aorto-Duodenal Fistula: A Case Report

Although cervical epidural abscess is rare, it should be strongly suspected in any patient with unexplainable neck pain and fever, especially when the patient has a predisposing factor for this infectious process. The authors report a case of cervical epidural abscess in a 39-yr-old man with an aorto-duodenal fistula, which complicated the interposition of artificial graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture, which had undertaken 40 months before. Timely detection and intervention rendered him a full neurological recovery. This extremely rare case is presented with a literature review.

Abscesso epidural raquiano piogênico / Pyogenic epidural spinal abscess in adolescents

O acometimento bacteriano não tuberculoso do espaço epidural raquiano é raro nas primeiras décadas de vida. Apesar do aparente aumento na incidência constatado nas casuísticas modernas, a descrição dessa entidade patológica em nosso meio permanece esporádica. Os autores apresentam três casos em adolescentes com idade média de 13,6 anos. As peculiaridades da apresentação clínica e do manejo terapêutico ideal são discutidas. Ressaltam que um elevado grau de suspeição clínica deve ser mantido para evitar um retardo no diagnóstico desses pacientes.

The nontuberculous epidural spinal abscess is a rare form of spinal infection in the first decades of life. Despite the recent increase in its incidence, the reports in our Country remains sporadic. Three cases in adolescents ? mean age of 13.6 years ? are reported. The clinical apresentation and the ideal manageent are discussed. A high grade of clinical suspicion is strongly recommended to avoid a diagnostic delay.