Biosorption of lead(II) and chromium(VI) on groundnut hull: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamics study / Biosorción de plomo (II) y cromo (VI) en cáscaras de maní: estudio de equilibrio, cinética y termodinámica

The biosorption of lead(II) and chromium(VI) on groundnut hull was investigated. Batch biosorption experiments were conducted to find the equilibrium time and biosorption capacity. Effect of parameters like pH, temperature and initial metal concentration was studied. The maximum biosorption capacity of lead(II) and chromium(VI) was found to be 31.54 +/- 0.63 and 30.21 +/- 0.74 mg g-1, respectively. The optimum pH for lead(II) and chromium(VI) removal was 5 ± 0.1 and 2 +/- 0.1, respectively. The temperature change, in the range of 20 - 45ºC affected the biosorption capacity. The maximum removal of lead(II) was achieved at 20 +/- 2ºC, where as maximum uptake of chromium(VI) was observed at 40 +/- 2ºC. The biosorption data was fitted to the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The Langmuir model showed better representation of data, with correlation coefficient greater than 0.98. The kinetics of biosorption followed the pseudo second order kinetics model. The thermodynamics parameters were evaluated from the experimental data.

Avaliação biofarmacotécnica in vitro de formas farmacêuticas sólidas contendo doxiciclina / In vitro biopharmaceutical evaluation of solid dosage formas containg doxycycline

A absorção de fármacos a partir de formas farmacêuticas sólidas, administradas por via oral, depende de sua liberação, da dissolução ou solubilização dos mesmos em condições fisiológicas e da permeabilidade das membranas do trato gastrintestinal. Portanto, a dissolução in vitro é fundamental para se prever o desempenho in vivo do fármaco. Pretendeu-se neste trabalho, realizar avaliação biofarmacotécnica in vitro através de testes físico-químicos e avaliação da cinética e eficiência de dissolução de quatro lotes de duas formulações do mercado nacional contendo 100mg de doxiciclina. Utilizou-se o método descrito pela Farmacopéia Americana para realização do ensaio de dissolução. A análise da cinética de dissolução foi avaliada por meio dos parâmetros...

Comparación del crecimiento in vitro de Streptococcus mutans y Lactobacillus acidophilus con edulcorantes / In vitro growing of Mutans Streptococci and Lactobacilli Acidophillus with sweeteners

Se realizó un estudio comparativo in vitro en el cual se analizó el crecimiento del Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) y el Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophillus) en un medio mínimo con edulcorantes (xilitol, sorbitol, aspartamo, sucralosa y sacarina sódica), en concentraciones del 1, 2, 3, 4, y 5 por ciento, y con observaciones a las 0, 12, 24, 36 y 48 horas. El propósito fue analizar el potencial cariogénico de los sutitutos del azúcar. Se tomaron como control positivo la sacarosa y negativo el medio sin edulcorante. El crecimiento fue medido por medio de la absorbencia en los diferentes tiempos de observación. Los resultados se analizaron por medio de la prueba de H de Kruskall Wallis (p menor 0.01). Se encontró que el xilitol, el sorbitol y la sacarina sódica reducen el crecimiento in vitro del S. mutans y el L. acidophilus; en cambio, la sucralosa y el aspartamo lo estimulan

Absorçäo de líquido de irrigaçäo na ressecçäo transuretral da próstata em cäes / Irrigating fluid absorption during transurethral resection of the prostate in dogs

Trinta e dois cäes submetidos a entubaçäo do ducto torácico e cateterismo bilateral dos ureteres, foram divididos em 3 grupos: A- 4 cäes inoculados com RISA 131 I ou EDTA 51 Cr por via intravenosa ou peri-prostática; B- controle de 8 cäes submetidos a irrigaçäo vesical e prostática com 8 litros de glicina a 1,2 por cento contendo os marcadores radioativos; C- 8 cäes manejados como em B mas sujeitos à RTU da próstata. Os cäes foram acompanhados por 5 horas. A absorçäo de líquido de irrigaçäo foi calculada pelos métodos volumétrico e radioisotópico. Em 5 horas, 97 por cento da RISA 131 I inoculada via intravenosa permanecia neste espaço enquanto apenas 4,6 por cento da injetada no espaço peri-prostático penetrou no compartimento vascular. Para o EDTA 51 Cr, 63,6 por cento da massa inoculada no espaço peri-prostático foi recuperada na urina após 5 horas. O método volumétrico mostrou absorçäo média de 22,7 ml no grupo B e 276 ml no C, e o radioisotópico de 6,3 ml e 165,4 ml, respectivamente. O modelo experimental tem similaridades com o ser humano

Absorción y eliminación de amiodarona después de su administración oral e intravenosa en individuos sanos / Amiodarone absorption and disposal after intravenous administration in healthy individuals

We studied amiodarone absorption and disposal in 8 male helathy subjects aged 21ñ1 years old and weighting 69.8ñ7.1 kg. An intravenous dose of 5 mg/kg and an oral dose of 600 mg of amiodarone were administrated. Amiodarone concentrations were measured by HPLC and calculations were performed using a compartment model independent pharmacokinetic analysis program. After oral administration a Cmax of 1.17ñ0.3 mg/ml was achieved at 3.25ñ0.46 h (tmax). Absolute bioavailability ranged from 50.4 to 87.8 percent (68.6ñ12.6 percent). Compared to previous reports, the variability of this parameter is similar and the mean value is one of the highest informed. After intravenous administration, amiodarone had a half life of 7.35ñ0.96 h, a total body clearence of 4.25ñ0.73 ml/kg/min and a distribution volume of 2.99ñ0.71 l/kg. Except the later figure, which is in the inferior range, all other parameters are within previously reported values. It is concluded that amiodarone absorption and disposal values found in chilean subjects are similar to those reported abroad

The effect of soaking time on water time on water absorption and solid losses of whole and dehulled soybeans / Efecto del tiempo de remojo en la absorción de agua y pérdida de sólidos en soya entera y descascarada

Dehulled entire soybean cotyledons are required for the preparation of many interesting products. Removing hulls had a dramatic effect on the rate of water uptake during soaking. Maximum uptake was reached in only 3 hr compared to the 12 hr needed by whole beans. This saves time and reduces microbial groeth during soaking. The amount of water absorbed by beans, with and without hulls, was similar once corrected for solid losses and surface water. Removal of fibrous shells during dehulling increased both the protein and oil contents by 2 per cent. Dehulled beans steadily lost solids during soaking. Losses were 8.6 per cent compared to 0.7 per cent whole beans when maximum uptakes were first reached. Way of avoiding or reducing these losses are discussed