RESUMEN
1. Patients with chronic Chagas' disease have abnormally low gastric acid secretion and increased gastrin release both during fasting and after different stimuli. Regardless of the relationship between intragastric acidity and gastrin secretion, it is uncertain whether hypergastrinemia in Chagas' disease is caused by an increased population of antral gastrin (G) cells (hyperplasia) or by enhanced cell activity (hyperfunction). 2. We therefore estimated G cell number in antral biopsies from 16 chagasic patients and 13 control subjects using a peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunohistochemical technique. All subjects underwent a gastric secretion test to determine peak acid output following intravenous pentagastrin instillation. 3. Antral G cell number in Chagas' disease patients was not significantly different from that observed in the control group (number of cells/mm2, median and (range): 128 (44-284) vs 138 (65-285)). 4. In chagasic patients, peak acid output was significantly lower than in controls (mmol/h, median and (range): 9.819 (3.024-21.564) vs 17.490 (9.423-25.848)). 5. These results suggest that the increase in gastrin release associated with reduced gastric acid secretion in Chagas' disease is mediated by antral G cell hyperfunction rather than by hyperplasia