Lifestyle and anthropometric indicators have greater associations with steps/day in boys than in girls / Indicadores de estilo de vida e antropométricos possuem maiores associações com passos/dia nos meninos do que nas meninas: iscole brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association of lifestyle, anthropometric, sociodemographic, family and school environment indicators with the number of steps/day in children. Methods: The sample consisted of 334 children (171 boys) from nine to 11 years old. Participants used the Actigraph GT3X accelerometer to monitor the number of steps/day, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) for seven consecutive days. Height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and body fat were also measured. Lifestyle indicators such as diet, environment, neighborhood, and parental schooling level were obtained with questionnaires. For the identification of variables associated to the number of steps/day, multiple linear regression models were used. Results: The mean steps/day of boys and girls were statistically different (10,471 versus 8,573; p<001). Among boys, the variables associated to the number of steps/day were: MVPA (β=0.777), ST (β=-0.131), BMI (β=-0.135), WC (β=-0.117), and BF (β=-0.127). Among girls, the variables associated to the number of steps/day were: MVPA (β=0.837), ST (β=-0.112), and parents' educational level (β=0.129). Conclusions: Lifestyle indicators, body composition variables and parental educational level influence the number of steps/day of children, and MVPA and ST are common for both sexes.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação dos indicadores de estilo de vida, antropométricos, sociodemográficos, ambiente familiar e escolar com a quantidade de passos/dia em crianças. Métodos: A amostra constituiu-se de 334 crianças (171 meninos) de 9 a 11 anos. Os participantes utilizaram o acelerômetro Actigraph GT3X para monitorar a quantidade de passos/dia, a atividade física moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) e o tempo sedentário (TS) durante sete dias consecutivos. Estatura, massa corporal, índice de massa corpórea (IMC), circunferência de cintura (CC) e gordura corporal também foram mensurados. Indicadores de estilo de vida, como dieta, ambiente, vizinhança e nível de escolaridade dos pais, foram obtidos por questionários. Para identificar as variáveis associadas à quantidade de passos/dia, utilizaram-se modelos de regressão linear múltipla. Resultados: As médias de passos/dia dos meninos e das meninas foram estatisticamente diferentes (10.471 versus 8.573; p<0,001). Nos meninos, as variáveis associadas à quantidade de passos/dia foram: AFMV (β=0,777), TS (β=-0,131), IMC (β=-0,135), CC (β=-0,117) e gordura corporal (β=-0,127). Já entre as meninas, as variáveis associadas à quantidade de passos/dia foram: AFMV (β=0,837), TS (β=-0,112) e nível educacional dos pais (β=0,129). Conclusões: Indicadores de estilo de vida, variáveis de composição corporal e nível educacional dos pais influenciaram a quantidade de passos/dia das crianças. A AFMV e o TS foram comuns para ambos os sexos.

Comparación de los niveles de actividad física durante la vida universitaria / Comparison of the physical activity levels during the university life

Background: A high percentage of Chilean university students are inactive. Aim: To determine differences in physical activity (PA) levels and energy expenditure in a group of university students according to their length of stay in the university. Material and Methods: We studied 56 students aged 22 ± 2 years (29 women). They wore a triaxial accelerometer during seven days, determining steps/day, steps/min, sedentary time and PA levels. Participants also answered a PA questionnaire. Their weight and height were measured. They were divided in two groups according to the time spent at university (1-2 years and 3-5 years). Results: No significant differences in energy expenditure were observed between both groups of students. The number of steps/day and steps/ min was significantly higher in the group with 3 to 5 years in the university than their counterparts with 1-2 years. Conclusions: As the university years increase, there is a tendency to increase the time spent walking (18.3%) but without an increase in the moderate-vigorous PA.

El auto-reporte de actividad física y comportamientos sedentarios no concuerda con la acelerometría en escolares mexicanos / Accelerometry does not match with self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviors in Mexican children

Resumen: Introducción: La evaluación precisa de la actividad física (AF) en escolares es necesaria para implementar estrategias que favorezcan estilos de vida activos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la validez de un cuestionario autoadministrado de AF y actividades sedentarias y ligeras (ASL) desarrollado para escolares mexicanos, analizando las diferencias en la validez de acuerdo con el estado de nutrición. Métodos: Escolares de 8-12 años de edad contestaron un cuestionario autoaplicable en el cual se evaluaron las ASL y AF moderada y vigorosa (AFMV). Se determinaron los minutos a la semana dedicados a ASL y AFMV en niños que portaron un acelerómetro triaxial. La concordancia entre los dos métodos para detectar el tiempo que los niños invierten en ver televisión se evaluó mediante coeficientes de correlación intraclase y el método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: La estimación de AFMV por cuestionarios fue mayor que la de acelerometría por 117.6 min/semana, mientras que la estimación de ASL fue menor por 1,924.7 min/semana. No se detectó correlación entre el tiempo evaluado con acelerómetros y el reportado en el cuestionario para las ASL y AFMV. En niños con índice de masa corporal normal, se detectó una correlación baja entre el tiempo reportado y el medido por acelerometría para jugar videojuegos con las actividades sedentarias (ric = 0.29, p = 0.031). Conclusiones: Los escolares sobreestiman las AFMV y subestiman las ASL. El peso corporal puede ser un factor que influya en dichos sesgos.

Abstract: Background: An accurate assessment of physical activity in schoolchildren is necessary to implement strategies that promote active lifestyles. The objective of this study was to validate a self-administered questionnaire to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviors and to analyze differences in the validity according to nutritional status in Mexican schoolchildren. Methods: Schoolchildren of 8-12 years of age answered a self-report physical activity and sedentary behaviors questionnaire to evaluate sedentary and light physical activity (SLPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The data of children who wore a triaxial accelerometer days was analyzed. Concordance between both methods to determine the time schoolchildren spend watching television was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman method. Results: The estimation of MVPA by questionnaires was higher than that of accelerometers by 117.6 minutes per week, and the estimation of SLPA was lower by 1,924.7 minutes per week. No correlation between the time assessed by accelerometers and the time reported in the questionnaires for SLPA and MVPA was detected. In normal-weighted children, a low correlation between the time dedicated to play videogames with sedentary activities (ric =0.29, p=0.031) assessed by accelerometers was observed. Conclusions: Schoolchildren over-estimate MVPA and under-estimate SLPA. Body weight can be a factor influencing such bias.

Interpretación de la maniobra de pivote mediante el uso de acelerómetros en pacientes que acuden a consulta ortopédica / Interpretation of the pivot test using accelerometers in the orthopedic practice

Los ligamentos cruzados (LC) de la rodilla, anterior (A) y posterior (P), localizados dentro de la articulación, unen fémur y tibia, dando estabilidad sobre la dirección anteroposterior de un hueso sobre otro. El LCA puede lesionarse mediante rotaciones provocadas en algún deporte que implique giro con el pie apoyado sobre el suelo. Las lesiones del LCA se determinan con maniobras como la de Lachman, cajón y pivote. Se utilizan acelerómetros que permiten graficar la maniobra de pivote en pacientes que acuden a consulta ortopédica, utilizando la prueba de KT1000 como estándar de oro. El trabajo ha sido aprobado por el Comité de Ética del Hospital. Estudio descriptivo entre casos y controles. Resultados: 92 pacientes aceptaron participar mediante consentimiento informado, nueve casos resultaron con KT1000 positivo, de los negativos, seleccionamos nueve controles afines a edad y género. Alteraciones de KT1000 fueron mayores en mujeres (78%) y en 67% de los casos la pierna alterada fue la derecha. Los resultados promedio de KT1000 en casos fue de 5.44 mm, en controles de 0.66 mm. Los acelerómetros permitieron graficar la maniobra de pivote y observamos gráficas similares tanto en casos y controles, solamente se muestran diferencias notables en un paciente masculino con KT1000 de 15 mm que fue sometido a reparación de LCA izquierdo, la maniobra se realizó al estar sedado. Concluimos que el paciente, en estado consciente, pone resistencia en la maniobra, a diferencia de la obtenida con anestesia, y que el uso de acelerómetros permite documentar la maniobra de pivote observando diferencias entre un LCA normal y uno lesionado.

The anterior (A) and posterior (P) cruciate ligaments (CL) of the knee, located inside the joint, connect the femur and the tibia and thus provide stability in the anteroposterior axis of one bone over the other. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) may be injured as a result of rotation when practicing a sport involving turning with the foot on the ground. ACL injuries are diagnosed with maneuvers like the Lachman, drawer and pivot. Accelerometers were used to plot the pivot maneuver in patients seeing the orthopedist surgeon using the KT1000 test as gold standard. This case-control descriptive study was approved by the Hospital's Ethics Committee. Results: 92 patients accepted to participate through an informed consent; nine cases were KT1000 positive, and nine age- and gender-matched controls were selected among KT1000 negative patients. KT1000 alterations were greater among females (78%) and in 67% of cases the right leg was affected. Mean KT1000 results were 5.44 mm in cases and 0.66 mm in controls. Accelerometers allowed plotting the pivot maneuver and the resulting charts for cases and controls were similar. Remarkable differences were seen only in one male patient with a 15 mm KT1000, who underwent repair of the left ACL; the maneuver was performed under sedation. We concluded that conscious patients oppose the maneuver, unlike anesthetized patients, and that the use of accelerometers helps document the pivot maneuver which, in turn, helps detect differences between a normal ACL and an injured one.

Association between Objectively Measured Sleep Quality and Obesity in Community-dwelling Adults Aged 80 Years or Older: A Cross-sectional Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objective measures of sleep quality and obesity in older community-dwelling people. This cross-sectional study included 189 community-dwelling adults aged > or = 80 yr (83.4 +/- 2.5 yr [age range, 80-95 yr]). Participants wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) on their non-dominant wrist 24 hr per day for 7 consecutive nights. Sleep parameters measured included total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) during the night. Associations between sleep parameters and obesity were investigated by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In multivariate models, those with sleep efficiency lower than 85% had a 2.85-fold increased odds of obesity, compared with those with sleep efficiency of 85% or higher. Similarly, those with WASO of > or = 60 min (compared with or = 80 yr, even after controlling for potential confounding factors, including daily physical activity.

Association between Objectively Measured Sleep Quality and Obesity in Community-dwelling Adults Aged 80 Years or Older: A Cross-sectional Study

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objective measures of sleep quality and obesity in older community-dwelling people. This cross-sectional study included 189 community-dwelling adults aged > or = 80 yr (83.4 +/- 2.5 yr [age range, 80-95 yr]). Participants wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+) on their non-dominant wrist 24 hr per day for 7 consecutive nights. Sleep parameters measured included total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset (WASO) during the night. Associations between sleep parameters and obesity were investigated by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. In multivariate models, those with sleep efficiency lower than 85% had a 2.85-fold increased odds of obesity, compared with those with sleep efficiency of 85% or higher. Similarly, those with WASO of > or = 60 min (compared with or = 80 yr, even after controlling for potential confounding factors, including daily physical activity.

Descrição metodológica do uso de acelerometria para mensurar a prática de atividade física nas coortes de nascimentos de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 1993 e 2004 / Methodological description of accelerometry for measuring physical activity in the 1993 and 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohorts / Descripción metodológica del uso de acelerómetros para medir la actividad física en las cohortes de nacimiento de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, 1993 y 2004

O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar a metodologia de coleta de atividade física por meio de acelerometria nas coortes de nascidos em 2004 e 1993 em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, nos acompanhamentos dos 6-7 e 18 anos, respectivamente. Ao visitarem a sede para um amplo estudo de saúde, esses indivíduos receberam o acelerômetro e a posterior busca foi realizada no domicílio por meio de motociclistas da equipe de pesquisa. Os modelos utilizados foram o GENEA e GENEActiv, estimadores triaxiais da aceleração da gravidade (g), utilizados no punho de crianças e adolescentes por um período de 5 a 8 dias. O número de indivíduos com dados de acelerometria nas coortes foi de 3.331 crianças (93,7% do acompanhamento) e 3.816 jovens (92,9% do acompanhamento). Ao caracterizarmos a coleta de acelerometria em mais de 7.000 indivíduos, apresenta-se um arcabouço metodológico para o planejamento de novos estudos populacionais no tema, descrevendo situações específicas dessa experiência e qualificando a compreensão da atividade física no contexto de estudos epidemiológicos.

The aim of this study was to characterize the methodology of data collection on physical activity using accelerometry in two birth cohorts (2004 and 1993) in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, at the 6-7 and 18-year follow-up visits, respectively. During visits to the study headquarters for a health evaluation, cohort subjects received the accelerometer to be worn on the wrist for 5 to 8 days, after which the device was retrieved at their homes. Genea and GENEActiv triaxial estimators of gravity (g) acceleration were employed. Accelerometry data were collected from 3,331 children (93.7% of those included in follow-up) and 3,816 adolescents (99% of those in follow-up). The study characterizes the data collection methodology in more than 7,000 individuals and discusses issues in its implementation. It thus provides a methodological framework aimed at helping to plan future population-based studies with the use of such technology and to improve understanding of physical activity in the context of epidemiological studies.

El objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la metodología de recolección de la actividad física por acelerometría en las cohortes de nacidos en 2004 y 1993 en Pelotas, Río Grande do Sul, Brasil, en un seguimiento de 6-7 y 18, respectivamente. Al visitar la sede de un centro de salud general, estos sujetos recibieron el acelerómetro y la posterior encuesta en el domicilio se llevó a cabo por los responsables del equipo de investigación. Los modelos utilizados fueron el Genea y GENEActiv, estimadores triaxiales de la aceleración de la gravedad (g), que se utilizaron en niños y adolescentes durante un período de 5 a 8 días. El número de individuos con datos de acelerometría en las cohortes fue de 3.331 niños (93,7% de seguimiento) y 3.816 jóvenes (92,9% de seguimiento). Con el fin de caracterizar la recolección de acelerometría en más de 7.000 individuos, se presenta un marco metodológico para el diseño de nuevos estudios de población sobre el tema, describiendo situaciones específicas de la experiencia y calificando la comprensión de la actividad física en el contexto de los estudios epidemiológicos.