Effect of Paralympic powerlifting training on sleep and its relationship with training load

Abstract Aim: This study aims to compare the sleep parameters in Paralympic powerlifting athletes during days with and without training, and to analyze the relationship between the training load and sleep on the same day and the relationship between the previous night's sleep and the training load of the following day. Methods: Actigraphy was used to analyze the sleep parameters of 11 Paralympic powerlifting athletes for 14 days (7 days without and with training), whereas Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) analysis was used to assess training load. In addition, the Horne and östberg chronotype questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale were applied. Results: Athletes show morning and indifferent chronotype and low daytime sleepiness. We found that on training days, sleep onset latency (SOL) was lower (average 5.3 min faster), whereas total sleep time (TST) and sleep efficiency (SE) were higher (TST averaged 169 min and SE 7% higher) compared to non-training days. In addition, the TST of the night before the training days correlated positively with the RPE of the following day, and the training volume correlated negatively with the SE of the same day. Conclusion: Our findings show that Paralympic powerlifting training had positive effects in increasing TST and SE and decreasing SOL on training days. These results show the positive effects of this type of training in improving sleep in athletes with physical disabilities. In addition, a good night's sleep the day before training can make it possible to put more effort into the next day's training. Therefore, guiding athletes to sleep more before training with more intense loads is recommended.

Comparison between ActiGraph GT3X and ActivPAL to assess sedentary behavior during the school period

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to compare the sedentary time measured using the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer with the measurement of sitting and standing time obtained by ActivPAL inclinometers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted with a sample of 60 schoolchildren (34 males) of one elementary public school in Brazil. The students used both an ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer and an ActivPAL inclinometer, concurrently, positioned at the beginning and removed at the end of the school shift, for four days. For analysis, paired Student's t-tests, Pearson's correlation coefficients, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland-Altman plots were used. Results: When comparing sedentary time with sitting time, although correlated (r = 0.53; p < 0.001), the mean minutes were different (134.2 min/day in ActiGraph GT3X vs 120.3 min/day in ActivPAL; p < 0.001), with a bias of 13.9 min/day. When comparing the measurement of sedentary time with the sum of the sitting time plus standing time, different mean minutes were also observed (134.2 min/day in ActiGraph GT3X vs 177.0 min/day in ActivPAL; p < 0.001), and although the correlation was stronger (r = 0.75; p < 0.001), the bias was higher (−42.8 min/day). Conclusion: Sedentary time derived from the ActiGraph GT3X device should be used with caution to evaluate sedentary behavior in a school setting and may be interpreted only as non-moving activities (stationary behavior).

Comparison and correlation analysis of sleep parameters between watch-type sleep monitor (Actiwatch) and polysomnography / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#With the rapid development of sleep medicine, there are various methods for detecting sleep diseases. This study compared the correlation between the lightweight watch-type sleep monitor (Actiwatch) and the "gold standard" polysomnography (PSG) in the Chinese population, in order to provide a basis for clinical application.@*METHODS@#From August 2018 to December 2019, 121 subjects who simultaneously performed sleep breathing monitoring (PSG) and wearing a watch-type sleep monitor (Actiwatch) in the Sleep Center of Peking University People's Hospital were enrolled. All subjects received PSG and Actiwatch at the same time, and filled out the sleep diary next morning. Monitoring indicators were collected for linear correlation analysis and paired t test to compare the differences.@*RESULTS@#Under low sensitivity conditions, the correlation coefficient of total sleep time (TST) between PSG and Actiwatch was 0.53 (P < 0.05). Paired t test analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the TSTs of Actiwatch and PSG (t=-0.890, P=0.36). According to age stratification, the smaller the age, the stronger the correlation between the TSTs of Actiwatch and PSG, and the coefficient could be up to 0.92 (P < 0.05). Paired t test showed that there was no significant difference between them (t=-1.057, P=0.35). According to the stratification by diagnosis, the correlation coefficient between the TSTs of Actiwatch and PSG in normal PSG group could be as high as 0.79 (P < 0.05), the results of paired t test showed that there was no significant difference between the TSTs of Actiwatch and PSG in normal PSG group (t=-0.784, P=0.44).@*CONCLUSION@#As a wearable home recorder, when the analysis parameters of Actiwatch were set as low sensitivity, PSG and Actiwatch had the highest TST correlation. The younger the age, the stronger correlation between the TSTs of Actiwatch and PSG. The PSG and Actiwatch subjects with normal PSG presentation had a higher TST correlation.

Behavior-analytic intervention for women with fibromyalgia and insomnia: a single subject design

Abstract This study evaluated the effects in the pain and sleep, and the clinic significance after an analytic-behavioral intervention to manage the condition of the physical and interpersonal environment related to pain. Four women with fibromyalgia and insomnia participated in a study with intervention withdrawal multiple baseline design and initial, intermediate, final, and follow-up assessments. Self-report instruments were used to assess pain intensity and disability, sleep quality, and insomnia severity, besides the actigraphy. Data showed that the intervention (20 sessions) was effective in reducing the sleep and pain problems in all participants by shifting two participants from clinical to non-clinical status in sleep indicators. The gains were maintained or increased in follow-up measures. However, the results should take into consideration the clinical condition and other variables that may have individually impacted the results.

Unveiling sleep mysteries: Sleep-wake cycle as a biological parameter of the circadian typology (Chronotype) / Revelando mistérios do sono: Ciclo sono-vigília como parâmetro biológico da tipologia circadiana (cronotipo)

The sleep-wake cycle that is circadian rhythm may have different patterns according to sex, environment and genetics determinants. This chronological cycle type, chronotype, may be populational expressed by the extremes, early or later going to bed and waking up, in a continuum. The first, the Morning-type individuals (the lark) and the later, the Evening types (the owl). Between the two extremes, there is the majority of these chronotypes ­ the intermediate ones. These patterns may be classified according to the questionnaires such as Horne and Ostberg Morningness/ Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the Munich Chrono Type Questionnaire (MCTQ). The rural population tends to be Morning-type, as well as children and younger women, more than men. The Morning person tends to be more healthy than the Evening ones who are more prone to diseases, as depression and metabolic syndrome. This basic knowledge may be helpful to patient's counseling and management: to avoid mismatch of circadian physiology and social duties / sleep. This circadian desynchrony can increase the risk of diseases, consequently there is a need to chrono-medicine into current treatment strategies.

O ciclo sono-vigília, que é um ritmo circadiano, pode ter padrões diferentes de acordo com os determinantes sexuais, ambientais e genéticos. Esse tipo de ciclo cronológico, cronótipo, pode ser expresso em termos populacionais pelos extremos, indo cedo ou mais tarde para a cama ou saindo dela, em um continuum. O primeiro, os indivíduos do tipo Manhã (a cotovia) e o posterior, os tipos da Tarde (a coruja). Entre os dois extremos, há a maioria desses cronotipos - os intermediários. Esses padrões podem ser classificados de acordo com questionários como o Horne e Ostberg Morningness/Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) e o Munich Chrono Type Questionnaire (MCTQ). A população rural tende a ser do tipo matutino, assim como crianças e mulheres mais jovens, mais que os homens.A pessoa da manhã tende a ser mais saudável do que as da noite, mais propensa a doenças, como depressão e síndrome metabólica. Esse conhecimento básico pode ser útil para o aconselhamento e tratamento dos pacientes: para evitar incompatibilidade entre a fisiologia circadiana e os deveres sociais / sono. Essa dessincronia circadiana pode aumentar o risco de doenças, consequentemente, é necessário a cronomedicina nas atuais estratégias de tratamento.

Effects of resistance exercise training and stretching on chronic insomnia

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of resistance exercise and stretching on sleep, mood, and quality of life in chronic insomnia patients. Methods: Three 4-month treatments included: resistance exercise (n=10), stretching (n=10), and control (n=8). Sleep was evaluated with polysomnography, actigraphy, and questionnaires. Mood and quality of life were assessed with the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36-Item Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. Results: There were no significant treatment differences between resistance exercise and stretching. However, compared with the control treatment, resistance exercise and stretching led to significantly greater improvements in Insomnia Severity Index scores (-10.5±2.3, -8.1±2.0 vs. 2.3±1.8, respectively), and actigraphic measures of sleep latency (-7.1±4.6, -5.2±1.9 vs. 2.2±2.1 min), wake after sleep onset (-9.3±2.8, -7.1±3.0 vs. 3.6±4.2 min), and sleep efficiency (4.4±1.8, 5.0±0.8 vs. -2.3±2%). Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global scores (-5.3±0.8, -3.9±1.5 vs. -0.1±0.8) and sleep duration (1.2±0.3, 1.6±0.6 vs. -0.1±0.2 h) also improved following both experimental treatments compared with control. PSQI-Sleep efficiency increased after resistance exercise compared with control (19.5±3.9 vs. 2.1±4.3%). No significant differences were observed in polysomnography or quality of life measures. Tension-anxiety was lower in the stretching group than the control group. Conclusion: Moderate-intensity resistance exercise and stretching led to similar improvements in objective and subjective sleep in patients with chronic insomnia. Clinical trial registration: NCT01571115

Effect of number of hours and days of accelerometer use on physical activity estimates in adolescents / Efeito da quantidade de horas e dia de uso do acelerômetro sobre as estimativas de atividade física em adolescentes

Abstract The study analyzed the effect of number of hours and days of accelerometer use on estimates of physical activity (PA) time in adolescents. Cross-sectional study of 784 adolescents from 10 to 14 years old (53.9% girls). Overlapping 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were used to compare mean light (LPA), moderate (MPA), vigorous (VPA) and moderate to vigorous (MVPA) physical activity times and prevalence of sufficient PA levels between different numbers of hours (≥6, ≥8 and ≥10 hours/day) and days (≥3, ≥4, ≥5 and 7 days of use). The criterions of ≥6 hours/day with ≥3, ≥4, ≥5 e 7 days and ≥8 hour/day with ≥3, ≥4 e ≥5 days of accelerometer use underestimated, in average, the LPA time in 23.1 and 12.6 min/day, respectively, compared ≥10 hours/day. There were no significant differences in mean MPA, VPA and MVPA times and prevalence of sufficient PA levels between the number of hours and days of use analyzed. To produce accurate estimates of PA time in teenagers, ≥3 days of accelerometer use was adopted for ≥10 hours/day of LPA and ≥ 6 hours/day of MPA, VPA and MVPA.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar o efeito da quantidade de horas e dias de uso do acelerômetro sobre as estimativas de tempo de atividade física (AF) em adolescentes. Estudo transversal com 784 adolescentes de 10 a 14 anos de idade (53,9% do sexo feminino). Os tempos médios de atividade física leve (AFL), moderada (AFM), vigorosa (AFV), moderada a vigorosa (AFMV) e as prevalências de níveis suficientes de AF entre diferentes quantidades de horas (≥6, ≥8 e ≥10 horas/dia) e dias (≥3, ≥4, ≥5 e 7 dias/uso) de uso do acelerômetro foram comparadas pelas interseções dos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Os critérios de ≥6 horas/dia com ≥3, ≥4, ≥5 e 7 dias e ≥8 horas/dia com ≥3, ≥4 e ≥5 dias de uso do acelerômetro subestimaram, em média, o tempo de AFL em 23,1 e 12,6 min/dia, respectivamente, comparados a ≥10 horas/dia.Não houve diferenças significativas nos tempos médios de AFM, AFV, AFMV e nas prevalências de níveis suficientes de AF entre as quantidades de horas e dias de uso analisadas. Para produzir estimativas precisas do tempo de AF em adolescentes foi necessário adotar ≥3 dias de uso do acelerômetro durante ≥10 horas/dia para AFL e ≥6 horas/dia para AFM, AFV e AFMV.

A Patient with the Disrupted Sleep-Wake Rhythm after Traumatic Brain Injury / 신경정신의학

Many patients with a traumatic brain injury (TBI) experience a range of sleep problems. Although some studies investigated the pathophysiology of sleep-wake cycle disturbances in TBI patients, it has not been clarified. This paper presents a middle aged female patient who showed sleep deprivation and sleep-wake cycle disturbances for approximately three months after TBI. The improvement in the subjective and objective sleep quality was shown by the sleep diary and actigraphy during this period. Moreover, the dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) had been delayed before returning to the normal range in 3 months. In addition, the patient showed an improvement in the neurocognitive function, including attention, memory and language function, along with a consolidation of the sleep-wake cycle. This case showed that the sleep disturbance following a TBI was probably caused by the disrupted melatonin rhythm based on the abnormality of the DLMO. In addition, the cognitive dysfunction after TBI could be associated with sleep-wake cycle disturbances because its gradual improvement occurred as the sleep disturbance diminished. Further studies on the change in circadian rhythm after a brain injury related to neurocognitive impairment are required.

Altered Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Associated with Mood and Sleep in Shift Workers: Cerebral Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Shift work disrupts the body's circadian rhythms and increases the risk of health problems. Despite evidence of neuropsychological disturbances in shift workers (SW), the brain functional status as measured by brain perfusion in chronic shift work has not been evaluated previously. We investigated the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in SW using perfusion MRI (pMRI) and evaluated the relationships between altered rCBF and sleep, mood, psychometric measures, and quality of life. METHODS: Fifteen rotational SW and 15 day workers (DW) were enrolled. The participants were all female nurses working at a university-affiliated hospital. During 2 weeks of actigraphy they underwent pMRI scanning and psychometric testing on the last day immediately after working. Demographic characteristics, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and mood were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The participants were aged 35.3±2.9 years (mean±SD) and had been performing their current work for more than 2 years. The demographic characteristics did not differ between SW and DW, but the levels of insomnia, anxiety, depression, and hyperactivity-restlessness in psychometric measures were higher in SW than in DW. Cerebral perfusion in SW was significantly decreased in the cuneus, fusiform/parahippocampal gyri, and cerebellum of the right hemisphere, while it was increased in the inferior occipital gyrus of the left hemisphere. Perfusion changes in SW were significantly correlated with depression and insomnia severity. The onset and duration irregularity of sleep among SW were related to insomnia, mood, hyperactivity/ restlessness, and quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: SW experience considerably more insomnia and mood disturbances than do DW, and this is significantly related to perfusion changes in multiple brain areas.

Smart technologies toward sleep monitoring at home

With progress in sensors and communication technologies, the range of sleep monitoring is extending from professional clinics into our usual home environments. Information from conventional overnight polysomnographic recordings can be derived from much simpler devices and methods. The gold standard of sleep monitoring is laboratory polysomnography, which classifi es brain states based mainly on EEGs. Single-channel EEGs have been used for sleep stage scoring with accuracies of 84.9%. Actigraphy can estimate sleep effi ciency with an accuracy of 86.0%. Sleep scoring based on respiratory dynamics provides accuracies of 89.2% and 70.9% for identifying sleep stages and sleep effi ciency, respectively, and a correlation coeffi cient of 0.94 for apnea–hypopnea detection. Modulation of autonomic balance during the sleep stages are well recognized and widely used for simpler sleep scoring and sleep parameter estimation. This modulation can be recorded by several types of cardiovascular measurements, including ECG, PPG, BCG, and PAT, and the results showed accuracies up to 96.5% and 92.5% for sleep effi ciency and OSA severity detection, respectively. Instead of using recordings for the entire night, less than 5 min ECG recordings have used for sleep effi ciency and AHI estimation and resulted in high correlations of 0.94 and 0.99, respectively. These methods are based on their own models that relate sleep dynamics with a limited number of biological signals. Parameters representing sleep quality and disturbed breathing are estimated with high accuracies that are close to the results obtained by polysomnography. These unconstrained technologies, making sleep monitoring easier and simpler, will enhance qualities of life by expanding the range of ubiquitous healthcare.

Effects of Light on Daytime Sleep in 12 Hours Night Shift Workers: A Field Study

OBJECTIVES: Night shift workers suffer from sleep and daytime disturbances due to circadian misalignment. To investigate the role of environmental light in daytime sleep following 12 h-night shift work. METHODS: We enrolled 12 h-shift female nurses working at one university-affiliated hospital (n=10, mean age 26.6 years, shift work duration 3.8 years). This is a cross-over study to compare sleep between under light exposure (30 lux) and in the dark (<5 lux) following 12 h-night duty. Two sessions of experiments were underwent and the interval between sessions was about a month. Psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) had performed on awakening from sleep at each session and sleep-wake pattern had been monitored by actigraphy throughout the study period. Daytime sleep was also compared with night sleep of age-and gender matched daytime workers (n=10). RESULTS: Sleep parameters and PVT scores were not different between two light conditions. Activities during sleep seemed to be more abundant under 30 lux condition than in the dark, which was not significant. Compared to night sleep, daytime sleep of shift workers was different in terms of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Three shift workers showed sleep onset REM sleep and first REM sleep period was the longest during daytime sleep. CONCLUSIONS: Unexpectedly, daytime sleep of 12 h night shift workers was well-maintained regardless of light exposure. Early occurrence of REM sleep and shorter sleep latency during daytime sleep suggest that shift workers meet with misalignment of circadian rhythm as well as increased homeostatic sleep pressure drive.

The Effects of Fatigue on Cognitive Performance in Police Officers and Staff During a Forward Rotating Shift Pattern

BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the effects of a forward rotating shift pattern on police employee performance and well-being. This study sought to compare sleep duration, cognitive performance, and vigilance at the start and end of each shift within a three-shift, forward rotating shift pattern, common in United Kingdom police forces. METHODS: Twenty-three police employee participants were recruited from North Yorkshire Police (mean age, 43 years). The participants were all working the same, 10-day, forward rotating shift pattern. No other exclusion criteria were stipulated. Sleep data were gathered using both actigraphy and self-reported methods; cognitive performance and vigilance were assessed using a customized test battery, comprising five tests: motor praxis task, visual object learning task, NBACK, digital symbol substitution task, and psychomotor vigilance test. Statistical comparisons were conducted, taking into account the shift type, shift number, and the start and end of each shift worked. RESULTS: Sleep duration was found to be significantly reduced after night shifts. Results showed a significant main effect of shift type in the visual object learning task and NBACK task and also a significant main effect of start/end in the digital symbol substitution task, along with a number of significant interactions. CONCLUSION: The results of the tests indicated that learning and practice effects may have an effect on results of some of the tests. However, it is also possible that due to the fast rotating nature of the shift pattern, participants did not adjust to any particular shift; hence, their performance in the cognitive and vigilance tests did not suffer significantly as a result of this particular shift pattern.

La actigrafía como herramienta diagnóstica / ROLE OF ACTIGRAPHY IN THE STUDY OF SLEEP AND CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS : ACCURACY, SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF ACTIGRAPHY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP DISORDERS

El diagnóstico y tratamiento de los trastornos de sueño, especialmente los asociados al Ritmo Circadiano, utilizan métodos costosos, invasivos e incómodos tanto para los pacientes como para los médicos, quienes deben realizar un seguimiento de los hábitos de sueño. La actigrafía ha sido aceptada como una herramienta válida para el estudio y diagnóstico de trastornos circadianos. Más de 300 dispositivos se comercializan actualmente para el uso personal, pero pocos de estos han sido probados para un uso diagnóstico. En este estudio comparativo compuesto por 21 sujetos, se informa acerca de los patrones de sueño y actividad registrados por algunos dispositivos, como Micro-Mini Motionlogger Watch, Condor Act Trust, MisFit Flash y Fitbit Flex. No se observan diferencias significativas en el análisis del patrón de actividad de descanso entre dispositivos. Tampoco se observan para el sueño Onset (inicio), el Tiempo Total de Sueño y la Eficiencia del Sueño. Según el tipo de estudio y análisis deseado, éstos dispositivos pueden resultar alternativos para los registros de actividad y sueño.

This is a comparative analysis of actigraphy performance in comparison with different sleep Parameters. Actigraphy is a non-invasive and valid method of monitoring human rest activity cycles. The report describes the role of actigraphy to assess the study of sleep-wake patterns and circadian rhythms, evaluating its development as a diagnostic tool, with a comparative analysis of actigraphy performance in comparison with different sleep parameters. The diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders, especially those associated with the cicardian rhythm, employ very expensive costs, invasives or unconfortable for the patients the same as for physicians, who must perform a demand of the sleeping habits. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders has identified more than 80 sleep disorders, all of them have associated treatments. Actinography has been accepted as a valid tool for the study and diagnosis of circadian disorders. All these aspects are discussed in the article

Validation of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire in Korean Older Adults

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate psychometric properties of the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) in a sample of Korean older adults. METHODS: One-hundred ninety two participants aged 65 and over completed interview-based questionnaires about chronotype, insomnia, depression, and anxiety. Additionally, a small subset of subjects completed a 7-day sleep diary and actigraphy measurements. RESULTS: Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) scores were significantly negatively correlated with Midpoint of sleep on free days corrected for sleep debt accumulated through weekdays (MSFsc) (r=-0.45, p < 0.01) assessed by the MCTQ. MSFsc using the MCTQ was significantly positively correlated with MSFsc assessed by both the sleep diary (r=0.74, p < 0.05) and actigraphy (r=0.76, p < 0.05). Additionally, MSFsc assessed by the MCTQ was significantly positively correlated with insomnia (r=0.26, p < 0.01), depression (r=0.25, p < 0.01), and anxiety (r=0.18, p < 0.05). Finally, based on MEQ scores, we derived a cut-off score for the MCTQ that distinguishes morning type and other types (intermediate/evening types) in older adults. CONCLUSION: The results of these studies supported the validity of the MCTQ in Korean older adults. Additionally, while sleep rhythms in elder adults may be more advanced, eveningness tendency may be still important and indicative of sleep and psychological disturbance.

Uso da actigrafia na avaliação do ritmo atividade-repouso em pacientes com doença de Parkinson / Use of actigraphy on assessment of activity-rest rhythm in patients with Parkinson's disease

Distúrbios do sono são os mais comuns sintomas não-motores encontrados na doença de Parkinson (DP). OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a relação entre actigrafia e distúrbios do sono mais incidentes na DP. MÉTODOS: Pacientes com e sem DP foram avaliados quanto aos sintomas motores, qualidade do sono, cronotipo e objetivamente através do uso do actímetro. RESULTADOS: Encontrou-se uma significante redução da qualidade do sono entre os pacientes com DP (p = 0.0023), uma pior qualidade subjetiva do sono, maior uso de medicamentos para insônia, mais distúrbios do sono e uma maior fragmentação do ritmo atividade-repouso (IV) (p=0.0271). CONCLUSÃO: Pacientes com DP possuem uma pior qualidade de sono e um ritmo atividade-repouso mais fragmentado. A actigrafia pode ser útil na avaliação da qualidade do sono e do ciclo atividade repouso em pacientes com DP, contribuindo para o rastreio e acompanhamento de eventuais distúrbios do ritmo circadiano a esta doença associados. (AU)

Sleep disorders are the most common non-motor symptom found in Parkinson's Disease (PD). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between actigraphy and more incidents sleep disorders in PD. METHODS: Patients with and without PD were assessed regarding motor symptoms, sleep quality, chronotype and objectively through the use of an actimeter. RESULTS: It was found a significant reduction of sleep quality among the patients with PD (p = 0.0023), a worse subjective sleep quality, they used more medications to sleep, they had more sleep disorders and a significantly higher fragmentation of pace (IV) (p = 0.0271). CONCLUSION: Patients with PD have a worse sleep quality and a rest-activity rythm fragmented. Actigraphy can be useful for assessing the quality of sleep and activity/rest cycle in patients with PD, contributing to the screening and follow-up of any circadian rhythm disorders associated to this disease. (AU)

Perfil do sono de pacientes idosos submetidos à hemodiálise / Sleep profile of elderly patients undergoing hemodialysis

Introdução: Distúrbios do sono são frequentemente observados na população idosa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, por meio de análises qualitativas e paramétricas, o sono de pessoas idosas submetidas à hemodiálise. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em três centros de hemodiálise, com amostra de conveniência composta por 28 pacientes que preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Foi analisada a qualidade do sono por meio do índice de Pitsburgh e medidas actimétricas por sete dias com as seguintes variáveis: tempo total de sono noturno (TTSN), tempo acordado após iniciar o sono (TAIS), número de despertares noturnos (despertares), tempo total de sono diurno (TTSD), número de cochilos e percentual de sono noturno (% sono). RESULTADOS: 17 pacientes (58,6%) apresentavam PSQI > 5, caracterizando um sono de má qualidade nos últimos 30 dias. As análises actimétricas demonstraram parâmetros ruins na média: TTSN de 341,2 ± 90,8 minutos por noite; TAIS de 91,1 ± 46,44 minutos por noite; %sono de 79,6 ± 9,8 por noite; 28,5 ± 11,4 despertares por noite; 48,5 ± 14,6 cochilos por dia e TTSD de 222,4 ± 73,9 minutos por dia. Conclusão: Este estudo observou, por meio de análise qualitativa subjetiva (PSQI) e por parâmetros actimétricos (actimetria), que idosos submetidos à hemodiálise apresentam má qualidade do sono.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances are frequently observed in the elderly population. The objective of this study was to evaluate, by means of qualitative and parametric analyses, the sleep pattern of elderly people undergoing dialysis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at three hemodialysis centers, with a convenience sample composed of 28 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Their sleep quality was analyzed by means of the Pittsburgh index and actimetric measurements for seven days with the following variables: total nocturnal sleep time (TNST), time awake after the onset of sleep (TAOS), number of nocturnal awakenings (awakenings), total daytime sleep time (TDST), number of naps, and percentage of nocturnal sleep (% sleep). RESULTS: Seventeen patients (58.6%) presented PSQI > 5, characterizing poor quality sleep in the last 30 days. The actimetric analyses demonstrated poor parameters on average: TNST of 341. 2 ± 90.8 minutes per night; TAOS of 91.1 ± 46.44 minutes per night, % sleep of 79.6 ± 9.8 per night; 28.5 ± 11.4 times woken up per night; 48.5 ± 14.6 naps per day, and TDST of 222.4 ± 73.9 minutes per day. Conclusion: This study observed, by means of a subjective qualitative analysis (PSQI) and actimetric parameters (actimetry), that elderly people undergoing hemodialysis demonstrate having poor sleep quality.

Comparisons of Subjective and Actigraphic Measurements of Sleep between Shift-working and Daytime Psychiatric Nurses / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Shiftwork is known to be one of the common causes of sleep and health problems and finally causes the decreased quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sleep patterns of shiftworking and daytime psychiatric nurses using actigraphy and compare it with subjective assessment for sleep. METHODS: Twenty-three shift-working and 25 daytime nurses were enrolled. They rated their sleep quality using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and other self-rating scales were measured for psychosocial aspects. Actigraphy was applied to the subjects for a total of 7 days to measure the sleep parameters. They also wrote sleep diaries during the period of wearing actigraphy. Sleep-related parameters of actigraphy, global score and components of PSQI, and the results of other self-rating scales were compared between shift-working and daytime nurses. RESULTS: Although the global score of PSQI did not show significant difference, the PSQI components showed significant differences between two groups: the shift-working nurses showed lower sleep quality, more sleep disturbance and hypnotic medication use, and worsened daytime dysfunction than daytime nurses. The shift-working nurses showed significantly shorter total time in bed and total sleep time, lower sleep efficiency, and longer average awakening time than those of daytime nurses in actigraphy. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that shift-working nurses experienced more sleep disturbances in both subjective and objective aspects of sleep than daytime nurses. This study also suggests that actigraphy may be useful to measure the objective aspects of sleep that are difficult to assess with subjective questionnaires alone.

Características sociodemográficas, laborais, cronotipo, qualidade do sono, sonolência e parâmetros objetivos do sono entre enfermeiros / Sociodemographic, work, chronotype, sleep quality, sleepiness and objective sleep parameters among nurses

Introdução: trabalhar em turnos interfere no ritmo circadiano e, em algumas pessoas, principalmente naquelas que têm um ritmo circadiano mais rígido, pode provocar alterações em sua saúde e bem-estar. Para além dos distúrbios do sono, outros processos de adoecimentos, têm sido relacionados com o trabalho por turnos. Objetivo: identificar as características sociodemográficas, ocupacionais, hábitos de vida, cronotipo, qualidade do sono, sonolência e parâmetros objetivos do sono entre enfermeiros. Método: estudo, exploratório, correlacional e quantitativo. Para a obtenção dos dados foram utilizados um questionário com perguntas sobre as características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e as condições de trabalho; o Inventário de Cronotipo, a Escala de Pittsburgh para avaliação da qualidade do sono e a Escala de Epworth, para avaliar a Sonolência. A avaliação do sono, foi realizada por meio do Diário de Sono e das actigrafias para a investigação dos trabalhadores nos períodos sono e vigília. Resultados: estudo realizado com 42 enfermeiros hospitalares, a qualidade do sono dos participantes foi comprometida; foi considerada boa por 9,5% dos participantes, má por 64,3% e com distúrbios do sono por 26,2%. Nos que realizavam turnos rotativos, essa qualidade do sono foi identificada como má por 26,2%. Nas actigrafias, foram encontrados os valores de Latência do sono (6,33-2,74) e a Eficiência (83,22-5,57). As médias e desvios padrão dos demais parâmetros foram: Tempo Total/minutos - 312,32-75,09. Os participantes dormiam de forma fragmentada, com eficiência do sono reduzida. Sobre o cronotipo os resultados foram; vespertinos 9 (21,4%), indiferentes 17 (40,5%) e matutinos 16 (38,1%). Sobre a sonolência diurna excessiva foram encontrados os valores: Normal 13 (31,0%), Limítrofe 7 (16,7%), Leve 8 (19,0%), Moderada 13 (31,0%) e Grave 1 (2,4%). Conclusões: observou-se um predomínio feminino. O cronotipo dos participantes, apresentou destaque os indiferentes. Os resultados de qualidade do sono foram negativos, demonstrando certo comprometimento. A sonolência diurna excessiva também foi observada em um maior número de participantes. O sono dos participantes, foi comprometido. Espera-se que este estudo possa corroborar com a busca de melhores condições de trabalho para os profissionais de saúde

Introduction: Working in shifts interferes with the circadian rhythm and, in some people, especially those who have a stricter circadian rhythm, it can cause changes in their health and well-being. In addition to sleep disorders, other illness processes have been linked to shift work. Objective: to evaluate sociodemographic and occupational characteristics, lifestyle habits, chronotype, sleep quality, sleepiness and objective sleep parameters among nurses. Method: exploratory study, correlational and quantitative. To obtain the data, a questionnaire was used with questions about sociodemographic characteristics, life habits and working conditions; the Chronotype Inventory, the Pittsburgh Scale to assess sleep quality and the Epworth Scale to assess sleepiness. The sleep assessment was carried out using the Sleep Diary and the actigraphies for the investigation of workers during sleep and wakefulness periods. Results: in a study carried out with 42 hospital nurses, the participants' sleep quality was compromised; was considered good by 9.5% of participants, poor by 64.3% and with sleep disorders by 26.2%. In those who worked rotating shifts, this quality of sleep was identified as poor by 26.2%. In the actigraphies, sleep latency (6.33-2.74) and efficiency (83.22-5.57) were found. The means and standard deviations of the other parameters were: Total Time/minutes - 312.32-75.09. The participants slept in a fragmented way, with reduced sleep efficiency. About the chronotype the results were; afternoon 9 (21.4%), indifferent 17 (40.5%) and morning 16 (38.1%). Regarding excessive daytime sleepiness, the following values were found: Normal 13 (31.0%), Borderline 7 (16.7%), Mild 8 (19.0%), Moderate 13 (31.0%) and Severe 1 (2 .4%). Conclusions: there is a female predominance. The chronotype of the participants highlighted the indifferent ones, followed by the morning ones. The sleep quality results were negative, demonstrating a certain impairment. Excessive daytime sleepiness was also observed in a larger number of participants. Participants' sleep was compromised. It is hoped that this study can corroborate the search for better working conditions for health professionals

Comparison of Wearable Activity Tracker with Actigraphy for Sleep Evaluation and Circadian Rest-Activity Rhythm Measurement in Healthy Young Adults

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the applicability of data obtained from a wearable activity tracker (Fitbit Charge HR) to medical research. This was performed by comparing the wearable activity tracker (Fitbit Charge HR) with actigraphy (Actiwatch 2) for sleep evaluation and circadian rest-activity rhythm measurement. METHODS: Sixteen healthy young adults (female participants, 62.5%; mean age, 22.8 years) wore the Fitbit Charge HR and the Actiwatch 2 on the same wrist; a sleep log was recorded over a 14-day period. We compared the sleep variables and circadian rest-activity rhythm measures with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests and Spearman's correlations. RESULTS: The periods and acrophases of the circadian rest-activity rhythms and the sleep start times did not differ and correlated significantly between the Fitbit Charge HR and the Actiwatch 2. The Fitbit Charge HR tended to overestimate the sleep durations compared with the Actiwatch 2. However, the sleep durations showed high correlation between the two devices for all days. CONCLUSION: We found that the Fitbit Charge HR showed high accuracy in sleep evaluation and circadian rest-activity rhythm measurement when compared with actigraphy for healthy young adults. The results suggest that the Fitbit Charge HR could be applicable on medical research as an alternative tool to actigraphy for sleep evaluation and measurement of the circadian rest-activity rhythm.