Diagnosis and treatment of benign liver nodules: Brazilian Society of Hepatology (SBH) recommendations

ABSTRACT Space-occupying lessions of the liver may be cystic or solid. Ultrasonography is an extremely useful method for initial screening, and suffices for diagnosis of simple hepatic cysts. Complex cysts and solid masses require computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging for confirmation. Wide surgical excision is indicated in cystadenoma or cystadenocarcinoma. Clinical and epidemiological data are important, as nodules in noncirrhotic livers are more likely to be benign. Hemangiomas, the most common benign tumors, require no follow-up after diagnostic confirmation if they are small and asymptomatic. Patients with giant, symptomatic hemangiomas or compression of adjacent structures should be referred to hepatobiliary centers for potential surgery. The genetic heterogeneity of hepatocellular adenoms and their epidemiology and prognosis prompted classification of these tumors into four subtypes based on histology and immunohistochemistry. The major complications of hepatocellular adenoms are rupture with bleeding and malignant transformation. Rupture occurs in approximately 30% of cases. The main risk factors are tumors size >5 cm and inflammatory subtype. Hepatocellular adenoms may enlarge during pregnancy due to marked hormonal stimulation. As oral contraceptive pills and anabolic steroids have associated with hepatocellular adenoms growth, particularly of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alfa subtype, these drugs should be discontinued. Focal nodular hyperplasia is the second most common benign tumor of hte liver. It is most frequent in women aged 20 to 60, and 70% to 90% of cases are asymptomatic. In the adsence of a central scar and/or other hallmarks of Focal nodular hyperplasia, with uncertainty between this diagnosis and hepatocellular adenoma, liver-specific contrast agentes are indicated.

RESUMO As lesões que ocupam espaço no fígado podem ser císticas ou sólidas. A ultrassonografia é extremamente útil como rastreamento inicial, bastando como método diagnósticos em casos de cistos simples. Em cistos complexos e em nódulos sólidos é necessária a complementação diagnóstica com tomografia computadorizada ou ressonância magnética. Em casos de cistadenoma ou cistadenocarcinoma, a ampla retirada cirúrgica está indicada. Dados clínico-epidemiológicos são importantes, já que nódulos em fígados não-cirróticos têm maiores probabilidades de serem benignos. Para os hemangiomas, tumores benignos mais frequentes, após a confirmação diagnóstica não existe necessidade de acompanhamento sistemático quando os nódulos são pequenos e assintomáticos. Hemangiomas gigantes sintomáticos ou comprimindo órgãos vizinhos devem ser encaminhados a centros de referência para avaliação de intervenção cirúrgica. A heterogeneidade genética nos adenomas hepatocelulares bem como características epidemiológicas e prognósticas motivou sua classificação em quatro subtipos, com base em achados histológicos e de imunohistoquímica. As principais complicações que ocorrem com o adenomas hepatocelulares são ruptura com hemorragia e transformação carcinomatosa. A primeira ocorre em cerca de 30% dos casos e o principal fator de risco para esta complicação são tumores maiores do que 5 cm, do subtipo hiperplasia nodular focal 1A, esses medicamentos devem ser suspensos. A hiperplasia nodular focal é o segundo tumor benigno mais frequente, mais comum nas mulheres entre 20 e 60 anos, sendo assintomáticos em 70% a 90% dos casos. Na ausência de lesão cicatricial central e/ou outros sinais sugestivos de hiperplasi nodular focal, havendo dúvida diagnóstica com adenoma hepatocelular, o uso de contraste hepatespecíficos está indicado.

Inflammatory Hepatic Adenoma / 대한소화기학회지

No abstract available.

Recurrence of Multiple Focal Nodular Hyperplasia in a Young Male Patient / 대한소화기학회지

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most common benign hepatic tumor that is usually found in women. Diagnosis of FNH mainly depends on imaging studies such as color Doppler flow imaging, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. It is characterized by the presence of stellate central scar and is nowadays incidentally diagnosed with increasing frequency due to advances in radiologic imaging technique. FNH typically presents as a single lesion in 70% of cases and generally does not progress to malignancy or recur after resection. Herein, we report a case of a young male patient with recurrent multiple FNH who underwent surgical resection for presumed hepatic adenoma on computed tomography.

Imaging findings of hepatic adenoma / 대한간학회지

No abstract available.

Hepatic adenomatosis in glycogen storage disease / 대한간학회지

No abstract available.

Detection of Malignant Primary Hepatic Neoplasms with Gadobenate Dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) Enhanced T1-Weighted Hepatocyte Phase MR Imaging: Results of Off-site Blinded Review in a Phase-II Multicenter Trial

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) enhanced MR imaging for the detection of liver lesions in patients with primary malignant hepatic neoplasms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with histologically proven primary malignancy of the liver were evaluated before and after administration of Gd-BOPTA at dose 0.05 or 0.10 mmol/kg. T1-weighted spin echo (T1W-SE) and gradient echo (T1W-GRE) images were evaluated for lesion number, location, size and confidence by three off-site independent reviewers and the findings were compared to reference standard imaging (intraoperative ultrasound, computed tomography during arterial portography or lipiodol computed tomography). Results were analyzed for significance using a two-sided McNemar's test. RESULTS: More lesions were identified on Gd-BOPTA enhanced images than on unenhanced images and there was no significant difference in lesion detection between either concentration. The largest benefit was in detection of lesions under 1 cm in size (7 to 21, 9 to 15, 16 to 18 for reviewers A, B, C respectively). In 68% of the patients with more than one lesion, Gd-BOPTA increased the number of lesions detected. CONCLUSION: Liver MR imaging after Gd-BOPTA increases the detection of liver lesions in patients with primary malignant hepatic neoplasm.

Cistoadenoma y cistoadenocarcinoma hepáticos / Hepatics cystoadenoma and cystoadenocarcinoma

Las formaciones quísticas adenomatosas, benignas y malignas intrahepáticas son sumamente raras, a tal punto que en la actualidad, en la literatura internacional, se llevan publicados unos 80 casos de Cistoadenomas y unos 30 de Cistoadenocarcinomas. En los últimos cinco años hemos tratado en el Servicio de Cirugía un caso de cada uno de ellos, su nosología los métodos diagnósticos utilizados, el tratamiento efectuado y su evolución ulterior, la revisión de la literatura y la discusión de distintos aspectos controvertidos de estas afecciones son la propuesta de esta presentación.

Abdomen agudo por adenoma hepático pediculado complicado por torsión / Acute abdomen caused by torsion of pedunculated hepatic adenoma

El adenoma hepático es un tumor benigno de baja incidencia con formas de presentación variadas. Menos frecuente aún es la forma pediculada, de localización extrahepática. La aparición del tumor con dolor abdominal agudo, suele estar provocada por hemorragia intratumoral. Se compaginan los hallazgos obtenidos mediante la exploración con radiografía simple, ecografía y tomografía computada, a propósito de un caso de adenoma pediculado hepático, complicado con torsión, en una paciente de 26 años, que consulta por un cuadro clínico de abdomen agudo

Spontaneously occurring liver cell adenoma in an adult male.

Spontaneously occurring liver cell adenoma is an extremely rare event. One such tumour in an adult male which was resected surgically is reported here.

Procesos hemorrágicos hepáticos no traumáticos. Utilidad de la tomografía axial computada / Non traumatic liver hemorrhagic process. CT evaluation

Se estudiaron 42 pacientes (17 hombres y 25 mujeres), dos de ellas embarazadas y una en puerperio, para valorar la utilidad de la TAC en la detección de procesos hemorrágicos no traumáticos (PHNT) en 42 hepatopatías locales y difusas asociadas a hepatomegalia y masas palpables subcostales. Dieciocho pacientes (43 por ciento) presentaron PHNT. En 12 casos, sospechados por clínica, laboratorio, rayos X y US (67 por ciento) y en otros 15 por TAC (83 por ciento). Dos requirieron arteriografías (11 por ciento) y uno RM (6 por ciento) ante tomografías dudosas. Tres PHNT se localizaron en segmento hepático IV, tres en IV y V, dos en el VI, once en ambos hemihígados y uno en hemihígado izquierdo. Los PHNT se comprobaron mediante biopsia, estudios postmorten, aspiración dirigida o laparotomía. El US proporcionó imagen diagnóstica de la hepatopatía en 86 por ciento de los casos (36/42) y la TAC en 93 por ciento (39/42). Se destaca la utilidad de la TAC para sospechar PHNT en adenoma hepatocelular (3/3), hematomas de embarazo y puerperio (3/3), quistes hepáticos (1/4), policistosis (2/2), y colangiocarcinoma (1/1), así como sus limitaciones en hemangiomas gigantes (2/7) y metástasis (2/10)