The effect of single-bulb garlic oil extract toward the hematology and histopathology of the liver and kidney in mice

Single garlic has been used as a traditional medicine for hypercholesterolemia and increasing stamina. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of single-bulb garlic oil (SGO) extract toward hematology and histopathology liver and kidney in mice. Male mice (strain Balb-C, 12 weeks old, weight of 28±3 g) was treated by SGO for 28 days (once per days) with various doses K- (Normal); K+ (SGO 0.0 mg/kg BW); T1 (SGO 6.25 mg/kg BW); T2 (SGO 12.5 mg/kg BW); T3 (SGO 25.0 mg/kg BW); T4 (SGO 50.0 mg/kg BW). The end of the treated mice was sacrificed. Blood was collected to analyze hematology. Liver and kidney were collected then made microanatomy slide with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. Parameters of hematology are the levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, and number of leukocytes. Histopathology of liver and kidney determine by cell necrosis. The result of the research showed that SGO increased the number of erythrocytes and leucocytes but there is no effect on the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit. Histopathology on liver and kidney showed there is no effect in necrosis. The conclusion is the single-bulb garlic oil extract safe if consumed continuously

Pharmacological and antioxidant actions of garlic and/or onion in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] in rats

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease [NAFLD] includes a broad spectrum of fat-induced liver injury, ranging from mild steatosis to cirrhosis and liver failure. This study investigates the hepatoprotective properties of garlic and onion in NAFLD rat model. Ninety male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 9 groups; normal [I], NAFLD induced with high fat diet [HFD; II], NAFLD switched to regular diet [RD; III], NAFLD-HFD or NAFLD-RD treated with garlic [IV, V] onion [VI, VII] or the combined garlic+onion [VIII, IX] respectively. A NAFLD rat model was established by feeding the animals with a high-fat diet for 12 wk. These animals were then treated with garlic or/and onion or vehicle for 8 wk [weeks 13-20] and then killed to obtain serum samples and liver tissues. Liver histology, lipids, parameters of oxidative stress, TNF-alpha and TGF-p were measured. The liver in NAFLD-HFD showed typical steatosis, accompanied with mild to moderate lobular inflammatory cell infiltration. Serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, leptin, cholesterol, triglycerides, TNF-alpha, TGF-P and hepatic MDA were significantly increased [P<0.05] compared with normal group. This was accompanied with reduction of hepatic GSH, GR, GPx, GST, SOD and serum adiponectin. These changes were to a less degree in NAFLD-RD group. Combined administration of garlic+onion produced a better and significant decrease in liver steatosis, serum liver enzymes, oxidative markers and lipid peroxidation versus each one alone. In the same time, NAFLD-induced inflammation was also mitigated via reduction of TNF-alpha and TGF-P. In addition, these results were better in the group IX versus group VIII

Light and electron microscopic study on the effect of diazepam on the cardiac muscle of adult albino rat and the possible role of garlic

Diazepam is a drug that belongs to a group of pharmacological agents called benzodiazepines. Several studies have indicated that diazepam exerts a myocardial depressant effect. Garlic preparations have been used widely for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular conditions. This work aimed to study the effect of diazepam on the cardiac muscle of adult albino rat and the possible role of garlic as a protective agent. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into four equal groups: control group, garlic-treated group [250mg/kg body weight], diazepam-treated group [1mg/kg body weight], and both garlic and diazepam-treated group. The animals were treated orally daily for 4 weeks. Specimens from the cardiac muscle were processed for light and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical study was carried out using an antibody against vimentin. Specimens from diazepam-treated animals showed focal disruption of cardiac myocytes, peripheral deeply stained nuclei, and vacuolated sarcoplasm. Focal aggregation of mononuclear cells and dilated congested blood vessels were also observed in between the myocytes. Ultrastructurally, irregular indented nuclei, focal lysis of the myofibrils, loss of normal cross striations, swelling of mitochondria, and distortion of intercalated disks were also observed. Immunohistochemical study showed a highly significant increase in vimentin immunoreaction in the endomysial and perimysial sheaths, in the walls of blood vessels, and in some interstitial cells. In contrast, minimal changes were observed in rats treated concomitantly with both garlic and diazepam, with a non significant increase in the immunoreaction. Diazepam induced structural changes in rat cardiac muscle that could be ameliorated by concomitant treatment with garlic

Avaliação do efeito do alho (Allium sativum L. ) sobre o colesterol plasmático em coelhos com hipercolesterolemia induzida / Evaluation of garlic (Allium sativum L. ) effects on the serum cholesterol of rabbits with induced hypercholesterolemia

A utilização de plantas no tratamento de doenças ou como meio curativo é uma tradição popular e altamente difundida, sendo que muitos trabalhos abordam as propriedades terapêuticas e farmacológicas do alho na redução das hiperlipidemias. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência do extrato aquoso (E.A.) do alho (Allium sativum L.) no tratamento do colesterol plasmático em coelhos com hipercolesterolemia experimental. Os animais foram divididos em G1 (grupo controle) e G2 (grupo tratado com alho). O experimento foi desenvolvido em três fases: na 1ª fase os animais receberam dieta comercial de coelhos para avaliar o nível basal de colesterol nos animais; na 2ªfase, todos os animais passaram a receber dieta suplementada com gema de ovo, até o final do experimento, para desenvolver hipercolesterolemia, e; na 3ª fase os animais do grupo G2 receberam o tratamento com E. A. de alho. O colesterol na 1ª fase foi de 39,94 ± 9,57 mg dL-1. Na 2ª fase houve elevação significativa (p<0,05) no nível de colesterol plasmático nos dois grupos -acima de 100 mg dL-1. Com relação ao tratamento, o alho não promoveu redução no colesterol plasmático dos coelhos, contrapondo os dados da literatura.

The use of plants to treat diseases or even to cure them is a high diffused popular tradition, and several studies discuss the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of garlic in the reduction of hyperlipidaemias. The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of the aqueous extract of garlic (Allium sativum) to treat the serum cholesterol of rabbits with experimental hypercholesterolemia. The animals were divided into G1 (control group) and G2 (group treated with garlic). The experiment was developed according to 3 phases: during the 1st phase, all animals were provided with a regular diet to evaluate the basal cholesterol; during the 2nd phase, all animals received a supplemented diet until the end of the experiment, in order to develop hypercholesterolemia and, in the 3rd phase, the animals on G2 received the garlic treatment. The cholesterol registered on the 1st phase was 39.94 ± 9.57 mg dL-1. On the 2nd phase, there was an increase on the serum cholesterol level in both groups - higher than 100 mg dL-1. Concerning the treatment, the garlic did not reduce the serum cholesterol in rabbits.

prophylactic role of garlic and vitamin e in hepatotoxicity induced by isoniazid and rifampicin in albino rats

Administration of Isoniazid [INH] and Rifampicin [RIF] the most common medication prescribed against tuberculosis, produces many metabolic and morphological aberrations in liver due to the fact thai liver is the main detoxifying site for these antitubercular drugs. This work was done to study the hepatoprotective effect of garlic and vitamin [vit] E aginst hepatotoxic effect of INH, and RIF. The expriemental work was done in Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University in a period of April to June 2011. One hundred and sixty adult male albino rats weighting 150-200 grams were divided into seven groups, one control and the other six for the drugs. Control group is subdivided into four subgroups [la, Ib, Ic, Id]. Group II ingested Garlic oil, group III ingested vitamine E, group IV ingested INH+ RIF, group V ingested INH+ RIF+ Garlic oil, group VI ingested INH+ RIF+ vit E, and finally group VII ingested INH+ RIF+ Garlic oiH vit E. The ingestion was done through orogastric tube. After four weeks biochemical studies [ALT, AST, and Total Bilirubin] were done for all rats in all groups, then the rats were sacrified and histopathological studies were done for their livers. Biochemical analysis revealed significant increased in AST, ALT, and Total Bilirubin in the group IV, V, VI and VII in comparison with control groups, and revealed significant decrease in the group V, VI, and VII in comparison with group IV. Histopathological examination of the group IV revealed necro-inflammatory foci with infilteration of the hepatic lobules with inflammatory cells and inflammation in the portal tract. Histopathological examination of the liver section of group V, VI, and VII showed mild necrosis and inflammation in hepatic lobules, and showed mild inflammation in the portal tract. We concluded that the liver is highly affected by ingestion of INH and RIF. But ingestion of garlic and /or vit E which is naturally occurring antioxidants can decrease this harmful effect of these two drugs on the liver

Comportamiento de las reacciones adversas reportadas por productos naturales: Matanzas 2003-2008 / Behavior of adverse reactions caused by natural products: Matanzas 2003-2008

El uso de medicamentos naturales es fundamental dentro del procedimiento médico-farmacológico de la sociedad actual. Nuestro objetivo es evaluar el comportamiento del reporte de reacciones adversas a medicamentos naturales en la provincia Matanzas durante el período 2003-2008. Se realizó un estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo, observacional. Se consideró como elegible para el estudio el universo conformado por el conjunto de los reportes de sospecha de reacciones adversas a fitofármacos recogidos durante el período referido. Hubo un predominio en la frecuencia de aparición de las reacciones adversas a los medicamentos derivados de Ajo ( Allium sativum L. ), Eucalipto ( Eucalyptus sp. div. ) y Naranja Agria ( Citrus aurantium L. ), siendo estas reacciones de tipo leves y moderadas con afectación fundamental del sistema digestivo y la piel. Se reportaron reacciones adversas con el empleo de productos naturales en el período estudiado, siendo más frecuentes las reacciones clasificadas como moderadas según su gravedad y como probables según su relación de causalidad, con una mayor afectación del sistema digestivo y piel.

The usage of natural medicines is essential in the medico-pharmacological treatment nowadays. Our objective was evaluating behavior of the adverse reactions reports to natural medicines at the province of Matanzas during the period between 2003 and 2008. We carried out a longitudinal, retrospective, observational study. We considered as eligible to this study a universe formed by all the reports of suspected adverse reactions to phytomedicines recorded during the referred period. There was predominance in the frequency of adverse reactions to medicines prepared with Garlic ( Allium sativum L. ), Eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus sp. div. ) and Sour Orange ( Citrus aurantium L.); being these reactions light or moderated, and affecting mainly digestive system and skin. There were reported adverse reactions with the usage of natural products in the studied period, being more frequent the reactions classified as light according to their seriousness, and as probable according to the causality relation, highly affecting the digestive system and skin.

effect of silver nitrate, chloroformic garlic extract, and normal saline in induction of sclerosing cholangitis in rabbits

To evaluate the effects of 0.5% silver nitrate, 20% chloroformic garlic extract, and 0.9% normal saline in induction of sclerosing cholangitis in the bile ducts of rabbits. During a-6-months period from April to September 2006 in Shiraz University Laboratory Animal Research Center, we selected 3 equal groups of rabbits. We injected 0.5% silver nitrate, 20% chloroformic garlic extract, and 0.9% normal saline into the bile ducts of each group. The animals were euthanized, and autopsied after 4 months and the liver and bile ducts were removed and studied histopathologically. Cholangiography was undertaken to evaluate the presence and extent of any sclerosing cholangitis. Animals showed sclerosing cholangitis in silver nitrate group [7 [58%]], one [8%] in chloroformic garlic extract group and one [7%] in normal saline group. The difference between silver nitrate and chloroformic garlic extract groups were statistically significant and similar results were noticed between chloroformic garlic extract and normal saline groups. Twenty percent of chloroformic garlic extract had fewer complications such as sclerosing cholangitis, compared to other materials

Tintura de ajo en el tratamiento de la hipertensión y la cefalea / Garlic tincture in the treatment of hypertension and headache

El ajo está incluido entre las plantas recomendadas por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba, por sus efectos favorables a la salud, siempre que no se use en exceso. El 80 por ciento de los pacientes que ingresan anualmente en la sala Cerebro Vascular del hospital "Dr Agosthino Neto" tiene un diagnostico relacionado con cefalea e hipertensión. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo en el período entre junio y septiembre de 2003 para demostrar el beneficio de administrar tintura de ajo a estos pacientes. Se destaca la actuación del personal de enfermería, ya que una vez que el médico lo autoriza, la enfermera (o) puede administrar el tratamiento tradicional sin ser indicado nuevamente. El universo de estudio quedó conformado por 100 pacientes divididos al azar en 2 grupos de 50 pacientes cada uno; a un grupo se le aplicó tintura de ajo y al otro, el tratamiento convencional. El 72,5 por ciento de los pacientes solucionó la cefalea por hipertensión con la tintura de ajo contra el 70,8 por ciento que lo hizo con el tratamiento convencional. La mejoría o curación en el tiempo arrojó que el mayor porcentaje de los pacientes resolvieron la hipertensión y la cefalea con la tintura de ajo entre los 15 y 30 min en relación con los pacientes tratados con los fármacos convencionales en el mismo tiempo. Se puede concluir que la tintura de ajo es válida para el tratamiento de la cefalea por hipertensión y es mucho más barata(AU)

The garlic is included among the plants recommended by the Ministry of Public Health of Cuba, for its favorable effects to the health, whenever it is not used in excess. The 80 percent of the patients that enter annually in the room Vascular Brain of the hospital Dr Net Agosthino he/she has an I diagnose related with migraine and hypertension. He/she was carried out a prospective descriptive study in the period between June and September of 2003 to demonstrate the benefit of administering dye of garlic to these patients. He/she stands out the infirmary personnel's performance, since once the doctor authorizes it, the nurse (or) he can administer the traditional treatment without being indicated again. The study universe was conformed by 100 patients divided at random in 2 groups of 50 patients each one; to a group he/she was applied dye of garlic and to the other one, the conventional treatment. 72,5 percent of the patients solved the migraine for hypertension with the dye of garlic against 70,8 percent that made it with the conventional treatment. The improvement or cure in the time threw that the biggest percentage in the patients(AU)

Evaluation of the nematicidal effects of smashed garlic, sincocin and nemaless on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting cowpea plants

The nematicidal effects of smashed garlic, sincocin-AG and nemaless on the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting cowpea were studied under greenhouse conditions. It was noticed that most treatments significantly [P

Respuesta vascular del Allium sativum (Ajo) en espirales de aorta de ratas antes y después de administrar fentolamina / Vascular response of the Allium sativum (Garlic) in spiral of rats aorta before and after to administer phentolamine

La administración de dosis crecientes (desde 1 x 10 -9) hasta 100 microgramos) del extracto del ajo (Allium sativuN), produjo contracción de los espirales de las aortas aisladas de las ratas. La actividad contráctil del ajo fue proporcional a la dosis utilizada; se produjo una contracción de 17.36 (por ciento) con la dosis más baja utilizada o sea 1 x 10 -9 microgramos. La dosis de 1 x 10 -6 microgramos produjo una contracción aproximada al 50 (por ciento) (57.3 por ciento) y la contracción máxima se produjo con la dosis de 100 microgramos. Las mismas dosis del ajo fueron nuevamente ensayadas, pero esta vez en presencia de 250 microgramos del bloqueador alfa adrenérgico, fentolamina. En este caso se observó una gran inhibición de la respuesta contráctil del ajo, lo que nos denota la aparente actividad alfa adrenérgica del ajo y que sería la responsable de la contractilidad de las aortas de las ratas. En la última parte de la experimentación, se ensayó una sola dosis del ajo 1 x 10 -6 microgramos y una sola dosis de adrenalina 10.1 microgramos antes y después de fentolamina. La fentolamina inhibió las respuestas del ajo y de la adrenalina, lo que nos confirma la actividad agonista alfa de estos compuestos. Se evidencia la gran actividad contráctil que posee el ajo para contraer las aortas de las ratas, sobre todo cuando se compara con la contracción de la adrenalina