Ferramentas para a organização do processo de trabalho na segurança do paciente / Herramientas para organizar el proceso de trabajo en seguridad del paciente / Tools to organize the work process in patient safety

RESUMO Objetivo discutir acerca da utilização das ferramentas de Análise de Modo e Efeitos de Falha e sua aplicação na assistência à saúde. Método trata-se de um artigo de reflexão visando à apresentação do formato próprio de aplicação de ambas as ferramentas seguida das suas diferenças de execução nos processos de trabalho. Resultados ambos os modelos possuem a mesma finalidade, sendo direcionados para a detecção de falhas antes mesmo da sua manifestação, auxiliando diretamente na promoção da segurança. A análise do erro, com a participação das equipes e a geração de índices de falhas, repercute no planejamento e na implementação de ações práticas voltadas à segurança do paciente. Conclusão e implicações para a prática embora semelhantes, existem, entre eles, distinções quanto à priorização das falhas para elencar ações práticas corretivas, principalmente no cálculo do Índice de Prioridade de Risco relacionado à gravidade, na probabilidade de ocorrência e na detecção das falhas. Ambas as ferramentas se mostram como importantes aliadas dos gestores de saúde para a detecção de falhas graves que colocam em risco a assistência livre de eventos adversos.

RESUMEN Objetivo discutir el uso de las herramientas de Análisis de Modos y Efectos de Falla y su aplicación en la atención médica. Método este es un artículo de reflexión, con el objetivo de presentar el formato propio de aplicación adecuado para ambas herramientas, seguido de sus diferencias de ejecución en los procesos de trabajo. Resultados ambos modelos tienen el mismo propósito, dirigidos a la detección de fallas incluso antes de su manifestación, ayudando directamente en la promoción de la seguridad. El análisis del error con la participación de los equipos y la generación de tasas de fracaso tiene repercusiones en la planificación e implementación de acciones prácticas dirigidas a la seguridad del paciente. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica aunque son similares, existen distinciones con respecto a la priorización de fallas para enumerar acciones correctivas prácticas, principalmente en el cálculo del Índice de Prioridad de Riesgo relacionado con la gravedad, la probabilidad de ocurrencia y la detección de fallas. Se ha demostrado que ambas herramientas son aliadas importantes para los gerentes de salud para la detección de fallas graves que ponen en riesgo la atención libre de eventos adversos.

ABSTRACT Objective to discuss the use of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis tools and their application in health care. Method this is a reflection article, aiming at presenting the proper application format for both tools, followed by their differences in execution in the work processes. Results both models have the same purpose, being directed to the detection of failures even before their manifestation, directly assisting in the promotion of safety. The analysis of the error with the participation of the teams and the generation of failure rates has repercussions on the planning and implementation of practical actions aimed at patient safety. Conclusion and implications for the practice although similar, there are distinctions regarding the prioritization of failures to list practical corrective actions, mainly in the calculation of the Risk Priority Index related to severity, probability of occurrence and failure detection. Both tools are shown to be important allies to health managers for the detection of serious failures that put care free from adverse events at risk.

Sistematização da assistência de Enfermagem perioperatória: avaliando os processos de trabalho no transoperatório / Systematization of perioperatory Nursing assistance: evaluating work processes in the Transoperatory

Objetivo: avaliar o fluxo de trabalho do transoperatório, utilizando a ferramenta de Análise de Modos de Falhas e Efeitos (FMEA). Metodologia: estudo metodológico por meio da FMEA. O campo de ação foi um Centro Cirúrgico (CC) de um hospital de Porto Alegre/RS, do período de julho a agosto de 2018. Realizaram-se grupos de trabalho para analise dos processos. Resultados: ocorreram 10 reuniões, com 13 profissionais que avaliaram o fluxo de trabalho para "agendamento de cirurgias", "farmácia satélite", "Centro de Materiais e Esterilização (CME)" e "CC". As etapas analisadas apresentaram diversos modos de falhas potenciais, causas e efeitos, descrevendo-se os processos identificados de alto risco. Conclusões: a FMEA permitiu avaliar os processos de trabalho do transoperatório delimitando as falhas e riscos, com ações de melhorias nas práticas assistenciais, para segurança do paciente e implementação da SAEP. (AU)

Objective: to evaluate the intraoperative workflow using the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis tool. Methodology: a methodological study using Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. The field of action was a Surgical Center of a hospital in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, from July to August 2018. Work groups were held to analyze the processes. Results: there were 10 meetings, with 13 professionals who evaluated the workflow for "surgery scheduling", "satellite pharmacy", "Materials and Sterilization Center" and "Surgical Center". The steps analyzed presented several ways of potential failures, causes and effects, describing the identified processes of high risk. Conclusions: the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis allowed to evaluate the work processes of the intraoperative delimiting the failures and risks, with actions of improvements in the assistance practices, for patient safety and Systematization of Nursing Care in the Perioperative period implementation. Descriptors: Healthcare Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Perioperative Care, Patient Safety, Nursing. (AU)

Objetivo: evaluar el flujo de trabajo del transoperatorio utilizando la herramienta de Análisis de Modos de Fallas y Efectos. Metodología: estudio metodológico utilizando la Análisis de Modos de Fallas y Efectos. El campo de acción fue un Centro Quirúrgico de un hospital de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, del período de julio a agosto de 2018. Se realizaron grupos de trabajo para analizar los procesos. Resultados: se realizaron 10 reuniones, con 13 profesionales que evaluaron el flujo de trabajo para "programación de cirugías", "farmacia satélite", "Centro de Materiales y Esterilización" y "Centro Quirúrgico". Las etapas analizadas presentaron diversos modos de fallas potencial, causas y efectos, describiendo los procesos identificados de alto riesgo. Conclusiones: la Análisis de Modos de Fallas y Efectos permitió evaluar los procesos de trabajo del transoperatorio delimitando las fallas y riesgos, con acciones de mejoras en las prácticas asistenciales, para seguridad del paciente e implementación de la Sistematización de la Asistencia de Enfermería Perioperatoria. (AU)

Risk Analysis of Radiotherapy Implementation Process Based on Failure Mode and Effect Analysis / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Providing a risk assessment method for the implementation of radiotherapy to identify possible risks in the implementation of the treatment process, and proposing measures to reduce or prevent these risks.@*METHODS@#A multidisciplinary expert evaluation team was developed and the radiotherapy treatment process flow was drawn. Through the expert team, the failure mode analysis is carried out in each step of the flow chart. The results were summarized and the (risk priority ordinal) score was obtained, and the quantitative evaluation results of the whole process risk were obtained.@*RESULTS@#One hundred and six failure modes were obtained, risk assessment of (20%) high risk failure model are 22 and severity (≥ 8) high risk failure model are 27. The reasons for the failures were man-made errors or hardware and software failures.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Failure mode and effect analysis can be used to evaluate the risk assessment of radiotherapy, and it provides a new solution for risk control in radiotherapy field.

Evaluación de los riesgos del proceso de gestión de medicamentos y productos médicos / Risk assessment in the management process of medical drugs and devices

OBJETIVOS: Establecer los riesgos del proceso de gestión de medicamentos y productos médicos para priorizar la implementación de acciones de mejora y medidas preventivas. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se utilizó la primera fase de la metodología de Análisis Modal de Fallos y Efecto (AMFE) hasta la valoración del riesgo. La conducción del servicio de farmacia identificó para cada uno de los subprocesos del proceso mencionado, los posibles modos de fallo, las causas y sus efectos y analizó, para cada uno de ellos, su frecuencia, gravedad y detectabilidad. Se confeccionó la matriz de riesgo y se calculó el puntaje de riesgo y el índice de prioridad de riesgo. RESULTADOS: Se establecieron 47 modos de fallo. Los subprocesos que presentan todos sus modos de fallo con mayor gravedad fueron la planificación de la compra (PC) y el reenvasado de comprimidos (RC). Los Modos de Fallo de mayor puntaje de riesgo fueron la incorrecta reposición del insumo en el equipo automatizado sin considerar las fechas de vencimiento ya existentes en el mismo y recibir productos de diferentes marcas y/o medidas. El de mayor índice de prioridad de riesgo fue recibir productos de diferentes marcas y/o medidas. Conclusión: La aplicación del AMFE a nuestro proceso de gestión de medicamentos y productos médicos nos permitió priorizar a los subprocesos de PC y RC para realizar las acciones correctivas y medidas preventivas, por ser estos los de mayor riesgo.

OBJECTIVE: To establish the risks in the management process of medical drugs and devices in order to prioritize the implementation of actions for improvement and preventive steps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first step of the Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) was used until the risk assessment. The pharmacy service management identified the potential failure modes, and the causes and effects for each of the subprocesses of this process, and analyzed the occurrence, severity and detection for each of them. A risk matrix was developed and the risk score and risk priority number (RPN) were calculated. RESULTS: 47 failure modes were established. The subprocesses that show all their failure modes on the highest severity were purchase planning (PP) and tablet repackaging (TR). The failure modes with the highest risk score were the incorrect replacement of supplies in the automated equipment without considering the existing expiration date and receiving products of different trademarks and/or measures. The failure mode with the highest RPN was receiving products of different trademarks and/or measures. CONCLUSION: The application of the FMEA to our medical drugs and devices management process has allowed us to prioritize the PP and TR subprocesses in order to take corrective actions and preventive steps, since these subprocesses have the highest risk.

Incidencia de la insatisfacción laboral en la eficiencia de la gestión. Caso Clínica Estomatológica / Incidence of the occupational dissatisfaction in the efficiency of management. Case Dental Clinic

Introducción: la calidad en la gestión de los servicios asistenciales, es una exigencia que produce beneficios tanto para la población como para las instituciones de salud, máxime en Cuba, donde "Los servicios de salud son gratuitos, pero cuestan". Los costos de calidad son indicadores de eficiencia, particularmente en las partidas asociadas a fallos que evalúan los recursos malgastados por una deficiente gestión y sobre lo cual deberán enfocarse las acciones para la mejora. Objetivo: identificar los costos por fallos, en estrecha relación con el análisis de sus causas y la satisfacción de los trabajadores. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo. La metódica radicó en la investigación de campo en base a encuestas aplicadas a los trabajadores, revisión de documentos, evaluación de partidas de costos por extensión del sistema contable o estimación, según el caso, así como el análisis causal desarrollado por un grupo de expertos de la organización, con representación de las diferentes áreas de la clínica objeto de estudio. Resultados: se evalúan monetariamente fallos incurridos durante el año 2014, ascendiendo a $ 12260,49, los mayores montos estuvieron asociados a reelaboraciones y desperdicios. El análisis causal mostró una fuerte incidencia de los trabajadores en la ocurrencia de dichas ineficiencias, predominando las negligencias. La insatisfacción de los trabajadores, fue de una media general de 2,94 (por debajo de 3), lo que se puede interpretar como que estos reciben menos de lo que esperan, esencialmente, en cuanto a salario, condiciones laborales y participación en la toma de decisiones. Conclusiones: se establecen los montos de los costos asociados a fallos en la gestión de los servicios de la Clínica Estomatológica III Congreso del PCC, en línea con el análisis de la satisfacción de los trabajadores como elemento causal fundamental que incide en la calidad de los servicios en dicha organización, la cual debe establecer plan de mejoras en su gestión (AU).

Introduction: the quality of management in health care services is an exigency producing benefits both for the population and for health institutions, especially in Cuba, where "health services are free, but they cost." The quality costs are indicators of efficiency, particularly in the items associated to failures assessing resources misspent for a deficient management, and on which the actions should be focused for getting improvement. Objective: to identify the costs by failures, in tight relation with the analysis of their causes and workers´ satisfaction. Materials and methods: a descriptive study was carried out. Methodologically, it was a field research on the bases of surveys applied to workers, documental reviewing, and evaluation of cost items by extension of the accounting system or estimation, according to the case, and also the causal analyses performed by an expert group of the organization, with representatives of the different areas of the clinic being studied. Results: the failures that occurred during 2014 are monetarily evaluated, coming to $ 12 260.49. The highest amounts were associated to re-elaborations and wastes. The causal analysis showed a strong incidence of the workers in the occurrence of those inefficiencies, predominating negligence. The workers´ dissatisfaction was in general average 2.94 (under 3), what may be interpreted like if they receive less than they expect, essentially as for salary, working conditions and participation in decision-making. Conclusions: the amount of the cost associated to failures in the management of the services in the Dental Clinic "III Congreso del PCC" is established, aligned with the analysis of the workers´ satisfaction as main causal element striking in the quality of the services in that institution; they should elaborate and carried out a plan for the improvement of their management (AU).

Application evaluation of failure mode and effect analysis in optimization of vascular recanalization process / 中华危重病急救医学

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical application and effect evaluation of failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) in the optimization of vascular recanalization in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).@*METHODS@#A total of 389 STEMI patients admitted to the emergency department of the Fifth Central Hospital in Tianjin from January 2014 to January 2015 were served as the control group, and 398 STEMI patients admitted to the chest pain center of the Fifth Central Hospital in Tianjin from January 2016 to October 2017 were served as the experimental group. In the control group, routine emergency treatment was used. At the same time, the intervention room was 24-hour prepared for emergency vascular recanalization. The experimental group used FMEA. Through the usage of FMEA, the main factors those caused the delay in revascularization treatment were determined, and the revascularization process was optimized for these influencing factors, thereby shortening the "criminal" blood vessel opening time of patients. The door-to-balloon dilatation time (D-to-B time), troponin testing time, placement time of the catheterization room, initiation of the catheterization room to balloon dilatation time, and preoperative and 1 week postoperative N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, heart function parameters [left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular short axis shortening rate (FS), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD)] within 1 week, 3 months and 6 months after intervention, and the incidence of main cardiovascular adverse events within 1 month after intervention, hospital mortality, the length of hospital stay, and readmission within 1 year in the patients of two groups were recorded.@*RESULTS@#D-to-B time (minutes: 70.6±3.6 vs. 79.4±8.7), troponin testing time (minutes: 17.1±2.3 vs. 65.2±6.5), placement time of the catheterization room (minutes: 28.9±9.8 vs. 52.3±12.2) and activation of the catheterization room to balloon expansion time (minutes: 47.3±9.3 vs. 65.1±7.2) in the experimental group were significantly shorter than those in the control group (all P < 0.01). The NT-proBNP levels at 1 week after intervention in the two groups were lower than the preoperative levels, slightly lower in the experimental group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in cardiac function at 1 week and 3 months after intervention between the two groups. The LVEF and FS at 6 months after intervention in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group [LVEF: 0.622±0.054 vs. 0.584±0.076, FS: (38.1±4.3)% vs. (35.4±6.2)%, both P < 0.01], and LVESD and LVEDD were decreased significantly [LVESD (mm): 31.2±3.8 vs. 34.7±4.2, LVEDD (mm): 49.2±5.3 vs. 52.4±5.6, all P < 0.01]. The length of hospital stay in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that in the control group (days: 8.3±3.2 vs. 13.2±6.8, P < 0.01), the incidence of major cardiovascular adverse events within 1 month after intervention [13.6% (54/398) vs. 19.8% (77/389)], hospital mortality [1.8% (7/398) vs. 4.9% (19/389)], and readmission rate within 1 year [9.5% (38/398) vs. 14.5% (56/389)] in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The usage of FMEA to optimize the vascular recanalization procedure can shorten the emergency treatment time of STEMI patients, reduce the occurrence of adverse events, and improve the prognosis.

Influence of Different Dentin Substrate (Caries-Affected, Caries-Infected, Sound) on Long-Term muTBS

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the μTBS in different dentin substrates and water-storage periods. Twenty-four dentin blocks obtained from sound third molars were randomly divided into 3 groups: Sound dentin (Sd), Caries-affected dentin (Ca) and Caries-infected dentin (Ci). Dentin blocks from Ca and Ci groups were subjected to artificial caries development (S. mutans biofilm). The softest carious tissue was removed using spherical drills under visual inspection with Caries Detector solution (Ca group). It was considered as Ci (softer and deeply red stained dentin) and Ca (harder and slightly red stained dentin). The Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive system was applied and Z350 composite blocks were built in all groups. Teeth were stored in deionized water for 24 h at 37 ºC and sectioned into beams (1.0 mm2 section area). The beams from each tooth were randomly divided into three storages periods: 24 h, 6 months or 1 year. Specimens were submitted to µTBS using EZ test machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min. Failure mode was examined by SEM. Data from µTBS were submitted to split plot two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests (a=0.05). The µTBS (MPa) of Sd (41.2) was significantly higher than Ca (32.4) and Ci (27.2), regardless of storage. Ca and Ci after 6 months and 1 year, presented similar µTBS. Mixed and adhesive failures predominated in all groups. The highest µTBS values (48.1±9.1) were found for Sd at 24 h storage. Storage of specimens decreased the µTBS values for all conditions.

Resumo O objetivo neste estudo foi avaliar a resistência de união à microtração (RUµT) de um sistema adesivo convencional (Adper Single Bond 2 - SB) em diferentes substratos dentinários e períodos de armazenagem. Vinte e quatro blocos de dentina foram obtidos de terceiros molares hígidos e separados aleatoriamente em 3 grupos (n=8): dentina sadia (Ds), dentina afetada (Da) e dentina infectada (Di). A Da e a Di foram submetidas ao desenvolvimento biológico artificial de cárie (S. mutans). O tecido cariado amolecido foi removido usando broca esférica sob inspeção visual com a solução Caries Detector (grupo Da). Considerou-se como Di a dentina amolecida e fortemente pigmentada de vermelho e como Da, a dentina hígida e levemente pigmentada de vermelho. O sistema adesivo SB foi aplicado de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante e blocos da resina composta Z350 foram construídos (6 mm de altura). O conjunto (dente/bloco de resina) foi armazenado em água deionizada por 24 horas a 37 °C. Estes foram seccionados em palitos (1,0 mm2 de área), que foram separados aleatoriamente em 3 períodos de armazenagem: 24 horas, 6 meses e 1 ano. Os palitos foram submetidos ao ensaio de resistência de união à microtração na máquina EZ teste a uma velocidade de 1,0 mm/min. Dados de RUµT foram submetidos à Análise de Variância 2 fatores em esquema de parcela subdividida e ao teste de Tukey (a=0,05). Os valores de resistência (MPa) da Ds (41,2) foram significativamente maiores do que os da Da (32,4) e Di (27,2), independente do tempo de armazenagem. Di e Da, 6 meses e 1ano, apresentaram valores similares de resistência de união. As falhas adesivas e mistas foram predominantes para todos os grupos. Em conclusão, os maiores valores de RUµT (48,1±9,1) foram verificados para a Ds e 24 h de armazenagem. A armazenagem diminuiu os valores de RUµT para todas as condições.

Chitosan in different concentrations added to a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system: influence on bond strength to dentin / Quitosana em diferentes concentrações adicionada a um sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos: influência na resistência de união à dentina

Objectives: the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of adding different concentrations of chitosan to an experimental two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system on the bond strength and failure mode to dentin. Material and Methods: thirty-two flat dentin surfaces were obtained from extracted human third molars and divided into four groups (n=8) for application of the adhesive systems: AD - conventional two-step adhesive system (Adper Single Bond 2); EXP ­ experimental two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system; Chi0.2% - EXP with addition of 0.2% Chitosan; Chi0.5% - EXP with addition of 0.5% Chitosan. Resin composite build-ups were made and the composite/ dentin specimens were sectioned to obtain rectangular beams with a bond area of approximately 1mm2 . After 24 hours, the sticks were submitted to microtensile bond strength tests in a universal test machine. The fracture pattern was evaluated under a stereoscopic loupe at 40X magnification. Results: one-way analysis of variance showed that the type of adhesive system had no significant effect on the bond strength values (p = 0.142), showing the mean bond strength values (standard deviation), in MPa, for the groups as follows: AD=20.1 (5.4); EXP=16.6 (2.3); Chi0.2%=16.1 (2.8); Chi0.5%=16.9 (2.3). In all the groups there was predominance of cohesive fractures in dentin, representing 68 to 82% of the failure modes. Conclusion: the addition of 0.2 or 0.5% of chitosan had no influence on the bond strength and failure mode of an experimental two-step etch-andrinse adhesive system to dentin. (AU)

Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da incorporação de diferentes concentrações de quitosana em um sistema adesivo experimental convencional de dois passos na resistência de união à dentina e modo de falha. Material e Métodos: trinta e duas superfícies de dentina planificadas foram obtidas de terceiros molares e separadas em quatro grupos (n=8) para aplicação dos sistemas adesivos: AD - sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos (Adper Single Bond 2); EXP ­ sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos experimental; Chi0,2% - EXP com incorporação de quitosana a 0,2%; Chi0,5% - EXP com incorporação de quitosana a 0,5%. Blocos de resina composta foram confeccionados e os espécimes de resina composte/ dentina foram seccionados para se obter palitos retangulares com interface adesiva foi seccionada para obtenção de palitos com área de união de aproximadamente 1mm2 . Após 24 horas, os palitos foram submetidos aos testes de resistência de união por microtração em máquina universal de ensaios. O modo de falha foi avaliada em lupa estereoscópica com aumento de 40 vezes. Resultados: análise de variância a um critério mostrou que o tipo de sistema adesivo não apresentou efeito significativo nos valores de resistência de união (p = 0,142), observando-se os respectivos valores de média (desvio-padrão), em MPa, para os grupos: AD=20,1 (5,4); EXP=16,6 (2,3); Chi0,2%=16,1 (2,8); Chi0,5%=16,9 (2,3). Para todos os grupos houve predominância de fraturas coesivas em dentina, representando 68 a 82% dos modos de falhas. Conclusão: a incorporação de quitosana a 0,2 ou 0,5% na influenciou a resistência de união à dentina e o modo de falha de um sistema adesivo convencional de dois passos experimental à dentina. (AU)

Experience of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in Transfusion Medicine / 대한수혈학회지

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusions are complicated procedures, and are highly sensitive to mistakes that could seriously endanger the life of patients. The failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) can be used to inspect and improve high risk processes. Here, we aimed to identify the risk factors of a blood transfusion process and to improve its safety by optimizing the process. METHODS: We conducted a weekly meeting from March to April 2014. We investigated the frequency of events for 2013 (before FMEA) and 2015 (after FMEA). The FMEA process was performed in eight steps and the improvement priorities were determined in accordance with the magnitude of calculated fatalities (multiplied by severity, occurrence, and detection scores). RESULTS: The whole process of blood transfusion was analyzed by detailed steps: Decision of blood transfusion, blood transfusion request, pre-transfusion test, blood product discharge, delivery, and administration process. Then, we identified the types of failures and likelihood of occurrence, discovery, and severity. Based on the calculated risk priority number, strategies to improve the highest failure modes were developed. Eleven transfusion-related events occurred before FMEA, and three events occurred after FMEA. CONCLUSION: In this study, we analyzed the failure modes that may occur during a transfusion procedure. The FMEA was a useful tool for analyzing and reducing the risks associated with a blood transfusion procedure. Continuous efforts to improve the failure modes would be helpful to further improve the safety of patients undergoing blood transfusion.

Mejora de la calidad del proceso quirúrgico en el Servicio de Cirugía General en el Hospital Aeronáutico Central mediante la realización de un AMFE / Improvement of the quality of the surgical process in the General Surgery Service at the Hospital Aeronáutico Central by means of an AMFE

Introducción: Se deben identificar y analizar los fallos existentes en el sistema para detectar los errores cometidos y aprender de ellos buscando así las causas que los originan y rediseñando los procesos en función de los resultados del análisis. El Análisis Modal de Fallos y Efectos (AMFE) es un estudio prospectivo de los riesgos y tiene por objetivo analizar áreas y servicios de alto riesgo con el fin de detectar dónde se pueden producir incidentes y establecer sistemas para evitar que ocurran. Objetivos: Optimizar la calidad del proceso quirúrgico en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Aeronáutico Central mediante la realización de un AMFE. Identificar y eliminar precozmente los fallos potenciales del proceso quirúrgico y desarrollar un Plan de Mejora de la Calidad del mismo.Material y Método: Estudio prospectivo de tipo AMFE realizado en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital Aeronáutico Central durante el período enero -abril de 2016. Resultados: Se identificaron como posibles fallos críticos con mayor índice probabilístico de riesgo a: caída del paciente de la mesa-camilla (IPR 423), falta de CO2 (IPR 280), reacción alérgica medicamentosa (IPR 160), paso incorrecto de camilla-mesa, mesa-camilla (IPR 90), quemaduras por electrobisturí (IPR 80), no controlar / cuantificar diuresis (IPR 80), no iniciar tolerancia digestiva en su debido momento (IPR 72) y falta de materiales laparoscópicos, protésicos o materiales inadecuados (IPR 40).Conclusiones: Los fallos en los procesos ocurren en todos los niveles de la organización, y su impacto es mayor cuanto más tardía es su detección. La aplicación de esta metodología fue de gran utilidad para la confección de un "Plan de mejora" con el fin de lograr

Introduction: Should be identified and analyzed the faults in the system to detect the commited mistakes and learn from them, looking for de causes that originate them and redesigning the processes in function of the analysis results. The Failure Mode and Effects Analys is (FMEA) is a prospective study about the risks and its objective is to analyze high risk areas and services with the porpouse of dectecting where the failures can be made and establish systems to avoid them. Objectives: Optimize the quality of surgical process in the General Surgery Department from Hospital Aeronáutico Central through an FMEA. Identify and eliminate in an early time the potential faults of the surgical process and develop a Quality Improvement Plan. Material and method: A FMEA prospective study carried out in the General Surgery Department from Hospital Aeronáutico Central during January-April 2017. Results: They were identified as possible critical failures with greater probabilistic index: patient ́s fall from table-stretcher (IPR 423), lack of CO2 (IPR 280), allergic drug reaction (IPR 160), wrong tranfer table-stretcher, stretcher-table (IPR 90), electrocautery burn (IPR 80), not controlling / quantifying diuresis (IPR 80), do not start digestive tolerance in due time (IPR 72) and lack of laparoscopic, prosthetic materials, or inadequate materials. Conclusions: The failures in the processes occur at all organization levels, and its repercussion is bigger the later its detection. The application of this methodology was of great utility for an "improvement plan" confection, in order to achieve a proper quality culture in the surgical process in our department.

A Study on Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) for Preoperative Risk Prevention / 간호행정학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this research was to provide patients with safe preoperative preparatory procedures by removing any risk factors from the preparatory procedures by using failure mode and effects analysis, which is a prospective risk-managing tool. METHODS: This was a research design in which before and after conditions of a single group were studied, Failure mode and effects analysis were applied for the preparatory procedures done before operations. RESULTS: The preparation omission rate before the operation decreased from 2.70% to 0.04%, and operation cancellation rate decreased from 0.48% to 0.08%. CONCLUSION: Failure mode and effects analysis which remove any risk factors for patients in advance of the operation is effective in preventing any negligent accidents.

[Assessment of hazard kiln cement factory with failure mode effects and criticality analysis [FMECA]]

Technique of Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis, FMECA, is a method for identifying and analyzing all potential failure modes of a system.This technique is used to prevent failures and to reduce their effects on the system. The main goal of this study was identifying and analyzing of the potential failure modes and assessing the effects of failures in the cement kiln by FMECA method. First the boundaries of the system were determined and then system was divided into its components [systems and subsystems] at a specified level with respect to the analysis goals. Then, effects of failures on production and system were appointed and causes and severity of failures were determined. Finally the results were recorded in FMECA appropriate worksheet. Meanwhile failure priority was presented. Totally one hundered failures were identified. While the highest risk priority number was related to body warping with RPN = 270, the lowest risk priority numbers [RPN=15] were associated to lacking of air supply by fan and unproperly acting of the main brake of kiln. The maximum frequency of failures was found in the kiln body. This study indicated that one failure may lead to other defects in various components of the system itself. Therefore, the implementation of a documentation system to record defects was emphasized in order to improve the machinery safety level. Furthermore, it can be concluded that a planned preventive maintenance could effectively decrease the probability of failures and number of defects consequently.