Expression of CD48 as a live marker to distinguish division of hematopoietic stem cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

Hematopoietic stem cells are capable of self-renewal or differentiation when they divide. Three types of cell divisions exist. A dividing stem cell may generate 2 new stem cells (symmetrical renewal division), or 2 differentiating cells (symmetrical differentiation division), or 1 cell of each type (asymmetrical division). This study was aimed to explore an efficient and stable method to distinguish the way of cell division in hematopoietic stem cells. Previous studies showed that the distribution of Numb in a cell could be used to distinguish the type of cell division in various kinds of cells. Therefore, the distribution of Numb protein was detected by immunofluorescence in mitotic CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells of mice exploring the relationship between Numb protein and centrosomes. Since CD48 positive marks the HSC that have lost the ability to reconstitute the blood system in mice, CD48 marker could be used to distinguish cell fate decision between self-renewal and differentiation as a living marker. In this study, the CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells were sorted from bone marrow cells of mice and the cells were directly labeled with Alexa Fluor (AF) 488-conjugated anti-CD48 antibody in living cultures. After 3 days, the percentage of AF488(+) cells was evaluated under microscope and by FACS. Then colony forming cell assay (CFC) was performed and the ability of cell proliferation were compared between AF488(+) and AF488(-) cells. The results showed that Numb could be used to distinguish different cell division types of hematopoietic stem cells, which was symmetrically or asymmetrically segregated in mitotic CD48(-)CD150(+)LSK cells. The self-labeled fluorochrome could be detected both by FACS as well as microscope. There were about 40% AF488(+) cells after 3 day-cultures in medium titrated with self-labeled AF 488-conjugated anti-CD48 antibody, and the results were consistent between confocal fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The colony forming ability of AF488(+) cells was significantly higher than that of AF488(-) cells (P < 0.05). The proliferation ability of AF488(-) cells was also significantly higher than AF488(+) cells (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the expression of CD48 can distinguish cell division of hematopoietic stem cells and can be used as a live marker for the loss of stemness. In comparison with the Numb protein staining, this method can be used in living cells, thus provides greater convenience for subsequent cell culture studies and cell transplantation experiments.

Detection of the expression of NK ligands in acute leukemia cell lines by real-time PCR / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression profile of NK ligands in acute leukemia cell lines and investigate the differential expression pattern between acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Using quantitative real-time PCR, 23 NK ligands (MICA, MICB, ULBP-1, ULBP-2, ULBP-3, ULBP-4, HLA-E, HLA-G, CD48, NBTA, HLA-F, LLT-1, PVR, Nectin2, CD72, CD80, ICAM-1, LFA-3, CRACC, Fas, DR4, DR5, TNFR1) were detected in 6 acute leukemia cell lines, including 3 ALL cell lines (CEM, Jurkat T, Reh) and 3 AML cell lines (HL-60, KG-1a, NB4), respectively. Independent-samples t test analysis was performed to determine statistical significance.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Using β-actin as reference gene, the relative expression results showed that the expression of 4 NK ligands between ALL and AML is significantly different. Specifically, the level of ULBP-2 is higher in ALL (CEM: 1, Jurkat T: 0.617, Reh: 0.246) than that in AML (HL-60: 0.000, KG-1a: 0.003, NB4: 0.000)(P = 0.047). However, the expressions of CD48, PVR(PVR-1, PVR-2) and DR4 is higher in AML (HL-60: 13.987, 4.403, 10.334, 8.711; KG-1a: 5.387, 2.900, 7.315, 4.512; NB4: 7.763, 3.248, 7.049, 6.127) than that in ALL (CEM: 1, 1, 1, 1; Jurkat T: 2.035, 1.553, 3.888, 0.449; Reh: 1.559, 0.000, 0.000, 1.304) (P = 0.044, 0.014, 0.014, 0.011). And there're no significant differences between the rest 19 NK ligands.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ULBP-2, CD48, PVR and DR4 might play an important role in the distinct mechanisms in leukemogenesis between ALL and AML and could be potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.</p>

SLAM family predicting the initiation potential of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia in NOD/SCID mice / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The SLAM family recently has been reported to show an important biological role in lymphocyte development and immunological function, and it is efficient to highly purify hematopoietic stem cells using a simple combination of SLAM family members. To elucidate the presence of this family on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), as well as its relationship with the leukemia-initiating potential, we analyzed the expression pattern of this family members on human ALL progenitor cells, combined with serial xenotransplantation assay.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Expression analysis was carried out by flow cytometry. We combined the expression pattern of human CD(150), CD(244) and CD(48) with serial xenotransplantation of B-ALL progenitor cells to indicate their relationship.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD(48) and CD(244) were expressed on most B-ALL progenitor cells, the percentage being (93.08 ± 6.46)% and (63.37 ± 29.31)%, respectively. Interestingly, the proportion of CD(150)(+) cells declined obviously in engrafted cases ((24.94 ± 7.32)%) compared with non-engrafted cases ((77.54 ± 5.93)%, P < 0.01), which indicated that only blast cells with low percentage of CD(150)(+) population were able to reconstitute leukemia into primary, secondary and tertiary NOD/SCID mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SLAM family members are present on B-ALL progenitor cells and the leukemia-initiating potential of leukemic blasts is correlated negatively with the proportion of CD(150)(+) cells, the percentage of which can serve as a useful predictor for engraftment success of B-ALL to immune deficient mice.</p>

Ascaris lumbricoides: Capacidad inhibitoria relacionada al antígeno P1 / Ascaris lumbricoides: Inhibitory capacity in relation to P1 antigen

El Sistema de Grupo Sanguíneo P tiene un único antígeno: P1 que fue identificado en varias especies parásitas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la capacidad inhibitoria de A. lumbricoides en relación al antígeno P1. Se trabajó con 11 extractos parasitarios (EA). Para evaluar la capacidad inhibitoria de los extractos en relación a los epitopes P1, se realizó la técnica semicuantitativa de inhibición de la aglutinación. Se prepararon dos series de diluciones de anticuerpo monoclonal anti- P1; a la primera se le agregó PBS a todos los tubos y a la otra, igual volumen de EA. El sistema revelador fue una suspensión de eritrocitos P1. Se determinó el título del anticuerpo monoclonal en ambas series. Se consideró significativa la aglutinación cuando hubo una diferencia de 2 o más diluciones entre ambos títulos. De los 11 EA estudiados, 8 presentaron epitopes P1. A estos 8 extractos se les calculó el Poder Inhibitorio y se lo relacionó con su contenido proteico a los fines de poder comparar la capacidad inhibitoria entre los extractos. La técnica aplicada permitió evidenciar la presencia de epitopes del Sistema P en extractos de A. lumbricoides y comparar la capacidad inhibitoria de los extractos en relación a epitopes P1.

P Blood Group has a unique antigen: P1. It was identified in various parasite species. The aim of this work was to determine A. lumbricoides´s Inhibitory Capacity in relation to P1 antigen. The work was based on 11 parasite extracts (AE). The semiquantitative inhibition agglutination technique was used to assess the extracts´ Inhibitory Capacity in relation to P1 antigen. Two series of anti- P1 monoclonal antibody dilutions were prepared. PBS was added to the first series and an equal volume of AE to the second. Suspensions of P1 red cells were used as a revealing system. Monoclonal antibody titres were determined in both series. The agglutination was considered significative when there was a difference of two or more dilutions between the titres. Eight of the 11 extracts studied presented P1 epithopes. Inhibitory power of these 8 extracts was calculated and it was related with their protein concentrations to compare the Inhibitory Capacity among the extracts. The technique used made it possible to prove P System epithopes presence and to compare the extracts´ Inhibitory Capacity in relation to P1 epithopes.