Factors associated with postoperative complications following appendectomy in elderly patients

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Appendicitis in elderly patients is more challenging due to delayed presentation and higher comorbidities, which are associated with increased postoperative morbidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate factors that predict 30-day complications in elderly patients undergoing appendectomy. METHODS: The records of elderly patients who underwent appendectomy were reviewed. The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative complications. Independent variables examined included demographic data, comorbidities, preoperative laboratory values, pathological findings, and surgical features. Both univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with postoperative complications. RESULTS: Evaluation was performed on 80 patients, comprising 63.8% females with a mean age of 71.3 years. Notably, 19 (23.8%) patients had one or more complications within 30 days after surgery. No significant difference was found between patients with and without complications in respect of age, gender, or laboratory features. The rates of American Society of Anesthesiologists scores 3-4 (p=0.006), hypertension (p=0.016), cardiovascular disease (p=0.049), and obesity (p=0.040) were significantly higher for patients with complications than for those without. On multivariate analysis, obesity (OR 9.41), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 9.72), and open appendectomy (OR 14.87) were independently associated with 30-day postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Older patients undergoing appendectomy tend to have poorer outcomes than younger patients. Therefore, it is critical to identify factors that could reduce the possibility of adverse outcomes in this frail population. The results of this study suggest that obesity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and an open approach are independent factors for complications in elderly patients undergoing appendectomy.

Comparación de los desenlaces clínicos con cuatro técnicas de apendicetomía laparoscópica tras la implementación de políticas de reúso de dispositivos médicos / Comparison of clinical outcomes with four laparoscopic appendectomy techniques after implementation of medical devices reuse policy

Resumen Objetivo: En este estudio se comparan los desenlaces clínicos de cuatro técnicas de apendicectomía laparoscópica utilizadas en una institución colombiana para el manejo de la apendicitis aguda tras la adopción de políticas de reúso y reprocesamiento de dispositivos médicos para la Región de las Américas (2014). Materiales y Método: Mediante el análisis de varianza de una vía (ANOVA) y la prueba de Kruskal Wallis, se compararon las tasas de infección de sitio operatorio (ISO), reoperación no planeada, readmisión y mortalidad (en los primeros 30 días del postoperatorio) de las siguientes técnicas: Técnica 1: Ligadura del muñón apendicular con endonudo y disección del mesenterio apendicular con electrocoagulación bipolar convencional; Técnica 2: Clipaje del muñón con endoclip de polímero y disección del mesenterio con electrocoagulación bipolar convencional; Técnica 3: Clipaje del muñón con endoclip de polímero y disección del mesenterio con electrocoagulación monopolar; Técnica 4: Clipaje del muñón y disección roma y ligadura del mesenterio con endoclip de polímero. Resultados: Se incluyeron 551 pacientes. No se encontraron diferencias en los ANOVAs en cuanto a las características demográficas de los pacientes por cada técnica. Los desenlaces globales fueron: ISO (5,44%), reoperación no planeada (3,08%), readmisión (15,97%) y mortalidad (0,18%). Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p < 0,05) en estos desenlaces explicados por mayores tasas de ISO y reoperación con la Técnica-1. Conclusiones: Los desenlaces globales de la apendicectomía laparoscópica tras la adopción de políticas de reúso de dispositivos médicos se encuentran dentro de los aceptados globalmente cuando se utilizan las Técnicas 2-3-4 en poblaciones equivalentes de pacientes con apendicitis aguda. En este contexto, nuestros resultados invitan a utilizar con precaución la Técnica-1.

Aim: The present study sought to compare the clinical outcomes between four operative techniques for laparoscopic appendectomy in a Colombian institution, following the adoption of reuse and reprocessing policies for medical devices in the Region of Americas (2014). Materials and Methods: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to compare the rates of Surgical Site Infection (SSI), unplanned reoperation, readmission and mortality (confined to 30 days after surgery) of these operative techniques: Technique 1: Ligature of appendiceal stump with endo stitch plus mesenteric dissection with conventional bipolar electrocoagulation; Technique 2: Clipping of stump with polymer endoclip plus mesenteric dissection with conventional bipolar electrocoagulation; Technique 3: Clipping of stump with polymer endoclip plus mesenteric dissection with monopolar electrocoagulation; Technique 4: Clipping of stump plus mesenteric dissection with polymer endoclip. Results: A total of 551 patients were included. No differences were found in the demographic characteristics of the patients between techniques during ANOVAs. The global outcomes were SSI (5.44%), unplanned reoperation (3.08%), readmission (15.97%) and mortality (0.18%). Significant differences were found (p < 0.05) in these outcomes explained by higher rates of SSI and unplanned reoperation with Technique 1. Conclusions: The overall outcomes of laparoscopic appendectomy, after the adoption of policies for the reuse and reprocessing of medical devices, are similar to those accepted globally when using operative techniques 2-3-4 in equivalent populations of patients with acute appendicitis. In this context, our results invite to use with caution technique-1.

Complicações pós-operatórias em apendicectomias: análise comparativa entre as abordagens aberta e videolaparoscópica / Postoperative complications in appendectomies: comparative analysis between open and laparoscopic approaches

Introdução: A apendicectomia é o tratamento de escolha da apendicite aguda. Embora a preferência pelas técnicas minimamente invasivas seja tendência mundial, a cirurgia aberta ainda é realidade na maioria dos hospitais públicos. O índice de complicações pós-operatórias varia de acordo com a técnica cirúrgica empregada. O presente estudo objetiva comparar a incidência de complicações pós-operatórias entre a apendicectomia aberta e laparoscópica. Métodos: Coorte retrospectiva incluindo pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia no Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre entre novembro de 2015 a novembro de 2019. Foram avaliados dados demográficos, tempo de evolução dos sintomas, técnica cirúrgica, achados transoperatórios, necessidade de drenos ou ostomias, tempo cirúrgico, tempo de internação, experiência do cirurgião e desfechos. Resultados: Foram incluídos 358 pacientes, com idade de 32 ± 13,8 anos, e predomínio do sexo masculino (58,9%); 58,1% foram submetidos a cirurgia aberta, 41,9% a laparoscopia e 8% necessitaram conversão. As apendicites foram classificadas como complicadas em um terço dos casos. O tempo cirúrgico foi menor na cirurgia aberta (79,3 ± 38,8 vs. 104 ± 35,2 minutos; p < 0,001). O índice de complicações pós-operatórias foi de 21,2%, sendo significativamente maior na técnica aberta (26,4% vs. 13%; p = 0,003). O tempo de internação, a necessidade de reintervenção e mortalidade não apresentaram diferença entre as técnicas. Conclusão: Embora a apendicectomia aberta seja um procedimento seguro, com bons resultados e baixa morbimortalidade, a laparoscopia oferece potenciais vantagens em termos de evolução pós-operatória, inclusive em casos complicados. Deve ser indicada rotineiramente havendo disponibilidade de material e capacitação da equipe cirúrgica. (AU)

Introduction: Appendectomy is the treatment of choice for acute appendicitis. Although the preference for minimally invasive techniques is a worldwide trend, open surgery remains a reality in most public hospitals. The rate of postoperative complications varies according to the surgical technique employed. The present study aimed to compare the incidence of postoperative complications between open and laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included patients undergoing appendectomy at the Hospital de Pronto Socorro de Porto Alegre between November 2015 and November 2019. Demographic and clinical data, duration of symptoms, surgical technique, intraoperative findings, use of abdominal drains or stomas, operative time, length of stay, surgeon's experience, and outcomes were assessed. Results: Three hundred and fifty-eight patients were included, predominantly male (58.9%), with a mean age of 32 ± 13.8 years; 58.1% underwent open surgery, 41.9% underwent laparoscopic surgery, and 8% required conversion. One third of the cases were classified as complicated. The mean operative time was shorter for open surgery (79.3 ± 38.8 vs. 104 ± 35.2 minutes; p < 0.001). The rate of postoperative complications was 21.2%, with a significantly higher incidence in the open technique (26.4% vs. 13%; p = 0.003). Length of stay, reoperation rate, and mortality did not differ between the techniques. Conclusions: Although open appendectomy is a safe and efficient procedure, associated with low morbidity and mortality rates, laparoscopy provides potential clinically beneficial advantages in terms of postoperative outcomes, even in complicated cases. Therefore, it should be routinely performed where laparoscopic equipment and skillful staff are available. (AU)

Apendicectomía profiláctica en la dotación Antártica: experiencia del Hospital de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile / Prophylactic appendectomy in the Antarctic endowment: experience of the Chilean Air Force Hospital

Resumen Objetivo: Reportar y caracterizar las complicaciones quirúrgicas de las apendicectomías laparoscópicas electivas profilácticas, realizadas a pacientes destinados a dotación antártica, realizadas en Hospital clínico de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile (FACh). Materiales y Método: Análisis retrospectivo descriptivo de fichas clínicas de todos los pacientes sometidos a apendicectomía laparoscópica profiláctica entre los años 2013 y 2017 en Hospital FACh. Se registraron variables demográficas y quirúrgicas de los pacientes. Las complicaciones fueron registradas y clasificadas de acuerdo a Clavien-Dindo. Resultados: Se incluyeron 200 pacientes, 96% hombres y solo 4% mujeres. Se registraron 6 pacientes (3%) con complicaciones quirúrgicas, clasificadas como grado I según Clavien-Dindo. Discusión: No existen reportes de complicaciones en apendicectomías profilácticas. En nuestra serie éstas alcanzan el 3%. Conclusiones: La apendicectomía profiláctica es una cirugía segura, con escasas complicaciones, pero existen y se desarrollan en un paciente que estaba previamente sano.

Aim: To present and characterize surgical complications of elective prophylactic appendectomies, performed in patients for the Antarctic endowment at the Hospital Clínico de la Fuerza Aérea de Chile. Materials and Method: Retrospective descriptive analysis of all patients operated of prophylactic laparoscopic appendectomy between 2013 and 2017. Demographic and surgical variables of the patients were recorded and analysed. Complications were classified according Clavien-Dindo. Results: 200 patients were included, 96% mens. Six patients (3%) had a surgical complication, all classified as Grade I. Discussion: There are no previous reports of surgical complications on prophylactics appendectomies. The complications rate is 3%. Conclusions: The prophylactic appendectomy is a safe surgery with a low rate of complications, although its exists and develops in a previously healthy patient.

Auditing Appendectomy in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria

Appendicitis is the leading cause of surgical admission in most hospitals in Nigeria and the removed appendix, a frequent surgical specimen in most routine histopathological laborato-ries in Nigeria. The aim of this study is to audit the appendectomy procedures in Benue State University Teaching Hospital. Sixty-two appendices removed for acute appendix in Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria middle belt, over an 8-year period were analyzed. Twenty-eight (45%) were found to be normal, while 29 (46%) showed histopathological eviden-ce of acute inflammation. There were 5 (9%) cases of unusual pathologies which include a case each of metastatic adenocarcinoma and chronic granulomatous inflammation (2% each) and 3 (5%) cases of schistosomiasis. The Negative Appendectomy Rate (NAR) was 27% in females compared with 18% in males. Adult (>16 years) represented 29% of the NAR. The overall NAR was 45%. The NAR in this study is considerable higher when compared with existing literature. In a poor resource center like Benue State University Teaching Hospital, due diligence in taking detailed history coupled with good clinical examination cannot be over emphasized. The use of a combination of Total Leukocyte Count (TCC) and C-Reactive Protein (CPR) in every patient may help in reducing NAR, though it's definitely going to be impossible to eradicate it.

Osificación heterotópica mesentérica precoz posabdomen abierto y su manejo quirúrgico: presentación de un caso / Mesenteric heterotopic ossification after open abdomen and its surgical management: presentation of a case

OBJETIVO: Reportar el caso de un paciente con antecedente de múltiples cirugías por peritonitis y abdomen abierto, con hallazgo intraoperatorio de osificación heterotópica en el mesenterio. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente masculino de 59 años, con antecedente de apendicectomía complicada hace 12 meses, que en esa oportunidad requirió manejo de abdomen abierto, colectomía derecha e ileostomía terminal. Un año posapendicectomía reingresa para reconstitución de tránsito con hallazgo intraoperatorio de masa calcificada en mesenterio, de 15 x 10 x 6 cm, cuyo estudio histológico informa osificación heterotópica mesentérica. Esta entidad es de baja frecuencia, asociada al antecedente de trauma y cirugía abdominal, y se ha descrito como causa de morbimortalidad. El manejo quirúrgico resectivo es factible por equipos con experiencia. CONCLUSIÓN: Se describe un caso con antecedente de abdomen abierto, con posterior hallazgo de osificación heterotópica mesentérica. Este caso clínico es representativo por sus factores de riesgos clásicos y manejo empleado para su resolución.

OBJECTIVE: Report the case of a patient with a history of multiple surgeries due to peritonitis and open abdomen, with intraoperative finding of mesenetrioc heterotopic ossification. CLINICAL CASE: A 59-year-old male patient with a history of complicated appendectomy 12 months ago, which requires the management of an open abdomen, right colectomy and terminal ileostomy. One year after appendectomy, is readmitted for transit reconstitution. Intraoperative finding were calcified mass in mesentery, of 15 x 10 x 6 cm, whose histological study reports mesenteric heterotopic ossification. This entity has low frequency, and is associated with a history of trauma and abdominal surgery, is described as a cause of morbidity and mortality. Resective surgical management is feasible for experienced teams. CONCLUSION: A case with antecedent of open abdomen is described, with later finding of mesenteric heterotopic ossification. This clinical case is representative for its classic risk factors and management used for its resolution.

Impact of the appendiceal position on the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric appendicitis / Impacto da posição do apêndice sobre o diagnóstico e tratamento de apendicite da infância

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate how symptoms vary according to the appendiceal position in pediatric patients and to demonstrate that the laparoscopic approach is safe and effective in any appendiceal location by comparing each location to another. Methods: The medical records of 1,736 children aged 14 or younger who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy over a period of 14 years were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided according to the position of the appendiceal tip into four groups: anterior, pelvic, retrocecal and subhepatic. The Kruskal-Wallis and chi-square tests were used with the Bonferroni correction, with a significant p<0.05. Results: The appendiceal location was anterior in 1,366 cases, retrocecal in 248 cases, pelvic in 66 cases and subhepatic in 56 cases. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of patient age and gender. Abdominal pain was the only symptom with statistically significant differences between the groups. The rate of perforated appendicitis was higher in the subhepatic and pelvic positions. Intraoperative complications and conversions were not statistically significant. Technical difficulties and operative time were higher in subhepatic position. The rate of postoperative complications was similar between the different locations, except for bowel obstruction, which was higher in pelvic appendicitis. Conclusions: The clinical symptoms of appendicitis hardly ever change with the position of the appendix. The laparoscopic approach is safe and effective, regardless the appendiceal location.

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar como os sintomas variam de acordo com a posição do apêndice em pacientes pediátricos e demonstrar que a laparoscopia é segura e eficaz em qualquer posição do apêndice, comparando-as. Métodos: Os prontuários de 1.736 pacientes pediátricos com idade ≤14 anos submetidos à apendicectomia laparoscópica em um período de 14 anos foram analisados retrospectivamente. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com a posição do apêndice: anterior, pélvica, retrocecal e sub-hepático. Os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e do qui-quadrado foram usados com a correção de Bonferroni, sendo significante p<0,05. Resultados: A posição do apêndice era anterior em 1.366 casos, retrocecal em 248 casos, pélvica em 66 casos e sub-hepática em 56 casos. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os grupos quanto às variáveis idade e sexo. A dor abdominal foi a única variável com diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos. A taxa de apêndice perfurado foi superior nas posições sub-hepática e pélvica. As complicações intraoperatórias e a taxa de conversão não foram estatisticamente significativas. As dificuldades técnicas e o tempo cirúrgico foram superiores em posição sub-hepática. A taxa de complicações pós-operatórias foi semelhante entre as diferentes posições, exceto a obstrução intestinal, que foi superior em posição pélvica. Conclusões: Os sintomas da apendicite dificilmente variam com a posição do apêndice. A laparoscopia é segura e eficaz, independentemente da posição do apêndice.

Edema agudo de pulmón no cardiogénico en el postoperatorio inmediato / Noncardiogenic acute pulmonary edema in the immediate postoperative period

Acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema is a rare clinical entity which sometimes complicates the perioperative period. Even though one of the main causes is the acute obstruction of the airway, which may occur during a laryngospasm event, its etiology is varied and must be known for an adequate clinical management. We report the case of an 18 year old patient who developed postoperative acute non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, probably of mixed etiology.

El edema agudo de pulmón (EAP) no cardiogénico es una entidad poco habitual que complica en ocasiones el período perioperatorio. Aunque una de las principales causas es la obstrucción aguda de la vía aérea que puede ocurrir durante un episodio de laringoespasmo, su etiología es variada y debe ser conocida para un adecuado manejo clínico. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 18 años que desarrolló un EAP no cardiogénico postoperatorio, de etiología probablemente mixta.

Asociación de invaginación y malrotación intestinal con el Síndrome de Waugh / Association of invagination and intestinal malrotation with Waugh's síndrome

RESUMEN El síndrome de Waugh es una patología del neonato caracterizado por la asociación de una malrotación intestinal a una intususcepción. Existen pocos casos documentados en la literatura, lo que conlleva una baja incidencia. Presentamos el caso de un neonato femenino de 4 meses de edad quien fue llevada a tratamiento quirúrgico con oclusión intestinal y evolución posoperatoria favorable. El objetivo del trabajo es presentar el caso de un síndrome de Waugh en un lactante en cuyo cuadro se debe mantener una alta sospecha diagnostica, apoyándose con la toma de estudios de imagen complementarios ante un cuadro de dolor abdominal en pacientes lactantes cuya resolución diagnostica siempre resulta un reto para el médico. Si bien estas acciones podrán en un futuro reflejar un aumento en la incidencia de este síndrome, también es posible que el manejo de dicho síndrome se optimice. Paciente femenina de 4 meses de edad la cual fue sometida a tres intentos de desinvaginación hidrostática antes de pasar a laparotomía exploradora para corrección definitiva de su patología. La asociación de invaginación con mal rotación intestinal actualmente es subdiagnósticada, debido a la tendencia conservadora actual. Es importante realizar más estudios de imagen antes de iniciar con cualquier estrategia terapéutica, para no retrasar el manejo quirúrgico definitivo que este requiere. De esta manera se podrá ganar en la calidad de los pronósticos de los pacientes(AU)

ABSTRACT Waugh's syndrome is a neonatal pathology characterized by the association of intestinal malrotation and intussusception. There is a low number of cases documented in literature, which implies low incidence. Here is a 4 months-old female neonate who was surgically treated because of intestinal occlusion, and her postoperative recovery was favorable. The objective was to present a Waugh's syndrome case in a newborn in which high diagnostic suspicion is important, supported by complementary imaging studies when we face abdominal pain in neonates whose diagnostic resolution is always a challenge to the physician. These actions may show an increase in the incidence of this syndrome in the future; it is also possible that the management of this disease be optimized. Hydrostatic disinvagination was performed three times in this patient before undergoing exploratory laparotomy for final correction of her pathology. The association of invagination and intestinal malrotation is poorly diagnosed at present, due to current conservative tendencies. However, it is important to perform more imaging studies before adopting any therapeutic strategy to avoid delays in the definitive surgical management of this disease(AU)

Fatores preditores de complicações pós-operatórias em apendicectomias / Predicting factors of postoperative complications in appendectomies

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar os principais fatores de risco para complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia por apendicite aguda. Métodos: foram analisados retrospectivamente 1241 pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia aberta ou laparoscópica. Os pacientes foram alocados em quatro grupos: Grupo 1, sem complicações pós-operatórias, e Grupos 2, 3 e 4, com complicações pós-operatórias, definidas de acordo com sua gravidade, conforme classificação de Clavien-Dindo I, II e ≥III, respectivamente. Resultados: pacientes com idade ≥38,5 anos tiveram complicações mais graves (p<0,0001). Os pacientes do Grupo 1, sem complicações pós-operatórias, foram predominantemente operados por via laparoscópica. Os Grupos 2, 3 e 4 foram, em sua maior parte, operados por via convencional (p<0,0001). Razão de chances de complicações para apendicite complicada foi de 3,09, 3,04 e 12,41 para os Grupos 2, 3 e 4, respectivamente (p<0,0001). Risco anestésico, duração do procedimento e tempo de internação hospitalar estiveram relacionados com maior risco e gravidade de complicações (p<0,0001). Conclusão: os principais fatores preditores de complicações pós-operatórias em pacientes operados por apendicite aguda foram: idade ≥38,5 anos, acesso cirúrgico convencional ou aberto, apendicite complicada, ASA≥2 e tempo cirúrgico >77 minutos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the main risk factors for postoperative complications in patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis. Methods: we retrospectively analyzed 1241 patients undergoing open or laparoscopic appendectomy. Patients were allocated to four groups: Group 1, without postoperative complications, and Groups 2, 3, and 4, with postoperative complications defined according to their severity, following Clavien-Dindo classification (I, II, and ≥III, respectively). Results: patients aged ≥38.5 years had more severe complications (p<0.0001). Patients in Group 1, without postoperative complications, had, for the most part, a laparoscopic approach. Groups 2, 3, and 4 underwent, predominantly, to an open surgery (p<0.0001). In cases of acute appendicitis, the odds ratio (OR) for complications was 3.09, 3.04, and 12.41 for Groups 2, 3, and 4, respectively (p<0.0001). Anesthetic risk, duration of the procedure, and length of hospital stay were related to a higher risk and severity of complications. Conclusion: the main predicting factors of postoperative complications in patients operated for acute appendicitis were: age ≥38.5 years, conventional or open surgical access, complicated appendicitis, ASA≥2, and surgical time >77 minutes.

Incidence and etiology of surgical site infections in appendectomies: a 3-year prospective study

Objectives: Surgical site infections [SSIs] constitute a threat, especially in complicated appendicitis, and are commonly due to gram-negative organisms. We sought to describe the incidence of SSIs in appendectomies performed during a three-year period [January 2013 to December 2015] in a community hospital in Qatar, and compare this with external benchmarks

Methods: We conducted a longitudinal study at The Cuban Hospital, Qatar. We used the standardized surveillance criteria to define SSI developed by the Centers for Disease Control. Information about age, sex, smoking habits, diabetes mellitus status, body mass index, and the result of bacteriologic studies were collected

Results: Of a total 603 patients, 22 [3.6%] cases of SSI were reported, with an infection rate of 13.6%, 4.5%, and 1.0% in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. SSIs were observed more frequently in patients with contaminated/dirty wounds [6.6%]. About 65% of isolates from the surgical site were multidrug-resistant organisms [Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.]

Conclusions: This study describes the incidence of SSI in appendectomy, which could be used as a benchmark for the facility improvement program. The high frequency of multidrug-resistant organisms in SSIs requires additional studies focused on evaluating the effectiveness of the current preventive practices with a particular reference to antimicrobial prophylaxis

Apendicite como complicação em pós-operatório de lipoaspiração / Appendicitis as a complication after liposuction

Introdução: A demanda por cirurgia plástica estética tem aumentado progressivamente, devido principalmente às novas técnicas cirúrgicas e maior aceitação social. Dentre os procedimentos mais frequentemente realizados estão: cirurgias de mamas (aumento ou redução), lipoaspiração, abdominoplastia e cirurgias faciais. A apendicite aguda é a causa mais comum de abdome agudo e a apendicectomia é uma das cirurgias mais realizadas em todo o mundo. Sua maior incidência ocorre em adultos jovens, no sexo masculino e em indivíduos da raça branca. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de apendicite aguda como complicação em pós-operatório de lipoaspiração, ressaltando sua correlação com o procedimento cirúrgico. Método: Foi realizada pesquisa na base de dados do Medline/PubMed, no período de junho a dezembro de 2015, avaliando todos os artigos publicados que referissem complicações em lipoaspiração, principalmente aqueles casos associados à apendicite. Conclusões: As complicações pós-cirúrgicas são aflitivas tanto para o paciente quanto para o médico e, devido ao crescimento contínuo do número de cirurgias plásticas, são cada vez mais frequentes, merecendo um estudo mais detalhado e de aplicação prática. A elaboração de um escore preditivo de complicações da cirurgia plástica auxiliaria o cirurgião a definir condutas preventivas, permitindo melhores escolhas e melhor discussão de riscos com o paciente já no pré-operatório.

Introduction: The demand for aesthetic plastic surgery has increased steadily mainly for the appearance of new surgical techniques and these procedures greater social acceptance. Most frequent procedures are: breast surgery (augmentation or reduction), liposuction, tummy tuck surgery and facial surgery. Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen. The appendectomy constitutes one of the most common surgery performed worldwide. Appendicitis has a high incidence among young white adult men. We report a case of acute appendicitis as a complication after liposuction, emphasizing such complication correlation with the surgical procedure. Methods: We searched scientific data from June to December 2015 indexed in Medline / PubMed database related to complications in liposuction, especially cases associated with appendicitis. Conclusion: Postoperative complications are distressing for both patient and physician. The number of plastic surgeries is still rising and procedures are becoming more frequent, therefore, procedure-related facts should be further study. The development of predictive score of complications in plastic surgery would help surgeons to define preventive measures, take best choices and perform better discussion related to risks of the patient already in the postoperative period.

Comparison of two maintenance electrolyte solutions in children in the postoperative appendectomy period: a randomized, controlled trial / Comparação de duas soluções para manutenção hidroeletrolítica no pós-operatório de apendicectomia em crianças: um estudo controlado e randomizado

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To compare two electrolyte maintenance solutions in the postoperative period in children undergoing appendectomy, in relation to the occurrence of hyponatremia and water retention. METHODS: A randomized clinical study involving 50 pediatric patients undergoing appendectomy, who were randomized to receive 2,000 mL/m2/day of isotonic (Na 150 mEq/L or 0.9% NaCl) or hypotonic (Na 30 mEq/L NaCl or 0.18%) solution. Electrolytes, glucose, urea, and creatinine were measured at baseline, 24 h, and 48 h after surgery. Volume infused, diuresis, weight, and water balance were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients had initial hyponatremia; in this group, 13 received hypotonic solution. Seventeen patients remained hyponatremic 48 h after surgery, of whom ten had received hypotonic solution. In both groups, sodium levels increased at 24 h (137.4 ± 2.2 and 137.0 ± 2.7 mmol/L), with no significant difference between them (p = 0.593). Sodium levels 48 h after surgery were 136.6 ± 2.7 and 136.2 ± 2.3 mmol/L in isotonic and hypotonic groups, respectively, with no significant difference. The infused volume and urine output did not differ between groups during the study. The water balance was higher in the period before surgery in patients who received hypotonic solution (p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: In the post-appendectomy period, the use of hypotonic solution (30 mEq/L, 0.18%) did not increase the risk of hyponatremia when compared to isotonic saline. The use of isotonic solution (150 mEq/L, 0.9%) did not favor hypernatremia in these patients. Children who received hypotonic solution showed higher cumulative fluid balance in the preoperative period.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Comparar duas soluções de manutenção hidroeletrolítica no período pós-operatório (PO) de crianças submetidas à apendicectomia quanto à ocorrência de hiponatremia e retenção hídrica. MÉTODOS: Estudo clínico randomizado que envolveu 50 pacientes pediátricos submetidos à apendicectomia, randomizados para receber 2.000 ml/m2/dia de solução isotônica (Na 150 mEq/L ou NaCl 0,9%) ou hipotônica (Na 30mEq/L ou NaCl 0,18%). Eletrólitos, glicose, ureia e creatinina foram mensurados no início do estudo, 24 e 48 horas após a cirurgia. Foram analisados volume infundido, diurese, peso e balanço hídrico. RESULTADOS: Apresentaram hiponatremia inicial 24 pacientes. Desses, 13 receberam solução hipotônica. Dezessete pacientes permaneceram hiponatrêmicas 48 horas após a cirurgia, 10 haviam recebido solução hipotônica. Nos dois grupos os níveis de sódio aumentaram na 24ª hora PO (137,4 ± 2,2 e 137,0 ± 2,7) e não houve diferença entre eles (p = 0,593). Níveis de sódio 48 h após a cirurgia foram 136,6 ± 2,7 e 136,2 ± 2,3 no grupo isotônico e hipotônico respectivamente sem diferença significativa. Os volumes infundidos e a diurese não diferiram entre os grupos durante o estudo. O balanço hídrico foi maior no período anterior à cirurgia no grupo de pacientes que receberam solução hipotônica (p = 0,021). CONCLUSÕES: No período pós-apendicectomia, o uso da solução hipotônica não aumentou o risco de hiponatremia quando comparado com uma solução salina isotônica. O uso da solução isotônica não favoreceu a hipernatremia nesses pacientes. Crianças que receberam solução hipotônica apresentaram maior balanço hídrico cumulativo no período pré-operatório.

La escala de Alvarado como recurso clínico para el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda / Alvarado score used as a clinical resource for diagnosing acute apendicitis

Introducción: la apendicitis aguda es causa de muerte de no recibir asistencia médica de forma correcta. Un estudio en 33 hospitales de Cuba, en el año 2011 encuentra que en el 28 % de las urgencias quirúrgicas los pacientes adultos son apendicectomizados. Objetivo: determinar la utilidad de la escala de Alvarado para el diagnóstico de la apendicitis aguda en nuestros medio. Métodos: se seleccionaron 50 pacientes operados de urgencia con diagnóstico inicial de apendicitis aguda en el Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Freyre de Andrade desde el 1ro de agosto de 2012 hasta el 31 de julio de 2013 y se aplicó esta escala en retrospectivo relacionando el diagnóstico operatorio con los resultados histopatológicos. Resultados: se comprobó la enfermedad histológicamente en 43 (86 por ciento) de los operados. Siete pacientes (14 por ciento) con apéndice cecal normal. Los enfermos incluidos en el grupo de alto riesgo (8-10 puntos) de la escala de Alvarado, se les confirmó la enfermedad con la histología. Los pacientes con apendicitis aguda comprobada por histología se ubicaron en las escalas de alto y mediano riego lo que consideramos una fortaleza de la escala. Conclusiones: las cifras de apéndices normales no difieren en la literatura revisada. Los pacientes operados por apendicitis aguda y clasificada en el grupo de alto riesgo a todos se le confirmaron la enfermedad histológicamente(AU)

Introduction: acute appendicitis is a cause of death when the patient does not receive timely medical assistance. The study of 33 hospitals carried out in Cuba in 2011 found that 28 percent of the surgical emergencies in adult patients underwent appendectomy. Objective: to demonstrate the benefits of Alvarado score for diagnosing acute appendicitis in our conditions. Method: fifty patients, who had been operated on in the emergency service of Freyre de Andarade hospital due to initial diagnosis of acute appendicitis from August 1st 2012 to July 31st 2013, were selected. Alvarado score was retrospectively applied by relating the initial surgical diagnosis and the histopathological findings. Results: the initial diagnosis of the disease was histologically confirmed in 43 cases (86 percent).Seven patients (14 percent) had normal ceccal appendix. The patients included in the high risk group (8-10 points) in Alvarado score were confirmed with the histological tests. The patients with the confirmed diagnosis of acute appendicitis were classified into the high and medium risk scores which is considered as strength. Conclusions: the number of normal appendices does not differ from that of the reviewed literature. The surgical patients with acute appendicitis classified into the high-risk group were histologically confirmed(AU)

Retocolite ulcerativa não complicada / Ulcerative colitis not complicated

Retocolite ulcerativa inespecífica (RCU) e doença de Crohn (DC) são consideradas as principais doenças inflamatórias intestinais idiopáticas (DIIs). De etiologia ainda desconhecida, evoluem, clinicamente, por surtos recorrentes, intercalando episódios de atividade inflamatória, acompanhados de manifestações digestivas e extradigestivas, com períodos de remissão, ambos imprevisíveis...

Nonspecific ulcerative recolitis (NUC) and Chron's Disease (CD) are considered the mainly idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Etiology unknown, the nonspecific ulcerative recolitis has a clinical proceed, by recurrent outbreaks, episodes of intercalated inflammatory activity, following by digestive and extra digestive symptoms, with period of remission, both of them are unpredictable...

Comparative study between patients with acute appendicitis treated in primary care units and in emergency hospitals / Comparativo entre pacientes com diagnóstico de apendicite aguda atendidos em unidades de pronto atendimento e hospital de emergência

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the relationship of time of care, combined with possible post-appendectomy complications, with the promptness of transfer of patients seen in Emergency Care Units (UPA) to the emergency hospital. Methods: We analyzed patients with preoperative diagnosis of acute appendicitis undergoing appendectomy from January to July 2012. Patients were divided into two groups according to the site of the first care. Group A included patients who received initial care directly in the emergency department of the Lourenço Jorge County Hospital (HMLJ) and group B consisted of patients seen in the UPA and forwarded to HMLJ to undergo surgical treatment. Results: the average time between initial treatment and surgery in group A was 29 hours (SD = 21.95) and 54 hours in group B (SD = 54.5). Considering the onset of symptoms, the patients in group A were operated on average 67 hours after (SD = 42.55), while group B, 90 hours (SD = 59.58). After the operation, patients in group A were hospitalized, on average, for 94 hours (SD = 73.53) and group B, 129 hours (SD = 193.42). Conclusion: there was no significant difference in the time elapsed between the onset of symptoms, initial treatment and early surgical treatment, or time elapsed between surgery and discharge. .

Objetivo: analisar, retrospectivamente, a relação tempo de atendimento aliado a possíveis complicações pós-apendicectomia com a presteza de transferência de pacientes atendidos em Unidades de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) para hospital de emergência. Métodos: foram analisados, no período de janeiro a julho de 2012, pacientes com diagnóstico pré-operatório de apendicite aguda, submetidos à apendicectomia. Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos conforme o local do primeiro atendimento. O grupo A incluiu os pacientes que receberam primeiro atendimento diretamente no setor de emergência do Hospital Municipal Lourenço Jorge (HMLJ) e o grupo B, constituiu-se de pacientes atendidos nas UPA e encaminhados para o HMLJ a fim de serem submetidos ao tratamento cirúrgico. Resultado: o tempo médio decorrido entre o atendimento inicial e a cirurgia, no grupo A, foi 29 horas (DP=21,95) e de 54 horas no grupo B (DP=54,5). Considerando o início dos sintomas, os pacientes do grupo A demoraram, em média, 67 horas para serem operados (DP=42,55), enquanto os do grupo B, 90 horas (DP=59,58). Após a operação, os pacientes do grupo A ficaram internados, em média, 94 horas (DP=73,53) e os do grupo B, 129 horas (DP=193,42). Conclusão: após análise dos resultados, concluiu-se que não houve diferença significativa no tempo decorrido entre o início dos sintomas, o atendimento inicial e o início do tratamento cirúrgico, nem no tempo decorrido entre o tratamento cirúrgico e a alta hospitalar. .

Hospitalization time after open appendectomy by three different surgical techniques / Tempo de internação após apendicectomia aberta por três técnicas cirúrgicas diferentes

BACKGROUND: The choice of surgical technique to approach the appendicular stump depends mostly on skill and personal preference of the surgeon or on the protocol used in the service, and the influence of this choice in hospitalization time is not evaluated. AIM: To evaluate the relation between surgical technique and postoperative hospitalization time in patients presenting with acute appendicitis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 180 patients who underwent open appendectomy. These where divided into three groups according to surgical technique: conventional appendectomy (simple ligation of the stump), tobacco pouch suture and Parker-Kerr suture. Data where crossed with hospitalization time (until three days, from four to six days and over seven days). RESULTS: A hundred and eighty patients with age from 15 to 85 years where included. From these, 95 underwent conventional technique, had an average hospitalization time of 3,9 days and seven had complications (surgical site infection, seroma, suture dehiscence and evisceration). In 67 patients, tobacco pouch suture was chosen and had average hospitalization time of 3,7 days and two complications (infection and seroma). In 18 Parker-Kerr suture was made, with average hospitalization time of 2,6 days, with no complication. Contingency coefficient between the variables hospitalization time and technique was 0,255 and Cramér's V was 0,186. CONCLUSION: There was tendency to larger hospitalization time and larger number of complications in conventional appendectomy, whereas in patients where Parker-Kerr suture was performed, hospitalization time was significantly smaller. .

RACIONAL: A escolha da técnica de tratamento do coto apendicular na maioria das vezes depende da habilidade e preferência do cirurgião ou do protocolo adotado no serviço, e não se avalia a influência desta escolha no tempo de internação. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre a técnica cirúrgica e o tempo de permanência hospitalar pós-operatória em pacientes com apendicite aguda. MÉTODOS: Análise retrospectiva dos pacientes submetidos à apendicectomia aberta. Foram avaliados três grupos de acordo com a técnica cirúrgica: convencional (ligadura simples do coto apendicular), sutura em bolsa de tabaco e sutura a Parker-Kerr. Os dados foram cruzados com intervalos de tempo de internação estipulados aleatoriamente (até três dias, de quatro a seis dias, e sete ou mais dias). RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 180 pacientes entre 15 e 85 anos. Destes, 95 foram submetidos à técnica convencional com média de 3,9 dias de internação e sete apresentaram complicações (infecção de ferida operatória, deiscência de sutura, evisceração e seroma). Em 67 pacientes foi feita sutura em bolsa de tabaco e a média de internação foi de 3,7 dias, com dois casos de complicação (infecção de ferida operatória). Em 18 foi feita a técnica de Parker-Kerr, e o tempo médio foi de 2,6 dias de internação, sem complicações descritas. O coeficiente de contingência entre as variáveis tempo de internação e técnica foi de 0,255 e o coeficiente V de Cramér foi de 0,186. CONCLUSÃO: Houve tendência ao maior tempo de recuperação e maior número de complicações na apendicectomia convencional, enquanto nos pacientes com apendicectomia à Parker-Kerr o tempo ...

Underweight Body Mass Index as a Predictive Factor for Surgical Site Infections after Laparoscopic Appendectomy

PURPOSE: Analyses of risk factors associated with surgical site infections (SSIs) after laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) have been limited. Especially, the association of an underweight body mass index (BMI) with SSIs has not been clearly defined. This study aimed to identify the impact of underweight BMI in predicting SSIs after LA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of a total of 101 consecutive patients aged > or =16 years who underwent LA by a single surgeon between March 2011 and December 2012 were retrieved from a prospectively collected database. The rate of SSIs was compared among the underweight, normal and overweight and obese groups. Also, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the factors associated with SSIs. RESULTS: The overall rate of SSIs was 12.8%. The superficial incisional SSI rate was highest in the underweight group (44.4% in the underweight group, 11.0% in the normal group, and 0% in the overweight and obese group, p=0.006). In univariate analysis, open conversion and being underweight were determined to be risk factors for SSIs. Underweight BMI was also found to be a significant predictor for SSIs in multivariate analysis (odds ratio, 10.0; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-49.5; p=0.005). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated underweight BMI as being associated with SSIs after LA. Surgeons should be more cautious to prevent SSIs in patients that are underweight when performing LA.

Apendicitis del muñón apendicular / Appendicitis of the appendicular stump

La apendicitis del muñón es una entidad rara, caracterizada por un proceso inflamatorio del remanente apendicular luego de una apendicectomía incompleta. Los signos y síntomas no difieren de una apendicitis aguda. Al no ser una patología usualmente pensada como posible diagnóstico diferencial del abdomen agudo inflamatorio, tiene mayor riesgo de complicaciones y morbi-mortalidad. Los métodos seccionales de diagnósticos por imágenes resultan muy beneficiosos para definir el diagnóstico. La ultrasonografía (US) y tomografía computada (TC)demuestran signos similares a los observados en cuadros habituales de inflamación aguda del apéndice cecal. Se presentan dos casos de apendicitis del muñón, uno de ellos recibió tratamiento quirúrgico y el otro tratamiento médico...