Comparison of thromboprophylaxis patterns in arthroplasty in public and private hospitals / Comparação entre padrões de tromboprofilaxia na artroplastia em hospitais público e privado

Objective To compare therapy for prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism and costs related to hospitalization of patients undergoing total knee and hip replacement within the context of the Brazilian health system.Methods A retrospective study of patients undergoing arthroplasty in 2010 in a public hospital and two private hospitals in the state of São Paulo, conducted by means of medical record review. Costs were estimated based on the use of health care resources during hospitalization. A descriptive analysis was performed using frequency and mean (standard deviation) according to the type of care delivered (by public or private organization).Results A total of 215 patients were evaluated, and 56.3% were submitted to knee surgery and 43.7%, to hip replacement. Approximately 88% and 98% of patients from public and private health services, respectively, received some form of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, and enoxaparin was the drug most widely used in both systems. The total cost of prophylaxis was R$ 1,873.01 (R$ 26.38 per patient) in the public service and R$ 21,559.73 (R$ 163.33 per patient) in the private service. For the individuals who presented with thromboembolism, the average cost of hospitalization was R$ 6,210.80 and R$ 43,792.59 per patient in public and private health services, respectively.Conclusion Thromboembolism prophylaxis in patients undergoing arthroplasty is most commonly used in the private health services than public organizations, despite its high costs in both services. The cost per patient with thrombosis during hospitalization was higher than the total cost of prophylaxis, suggesting that prevention is associated to better cost-benefit ratio.

Objetivo Comparar a terapia para profilaxia de tromboembolismo venoso e os custos de pacientes submetidos à artroplastia total de joelho e de quadril dentro do sistema de saúde brasileiro.Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes submetidos à artroplastia no ano de 2010, em um hospital público e dois hospitais privados no Estado de São Paulo, por meio da revisão de prontuários. Os custos foram estimados com base na utilização de recursos em saúde durante a hospitalização. Análise descritiva de frequência e média (desvio padrão), de acordo com o tipo de atendimento em saúde (público ou privado).Resultados Um total de 215 pacientes foram avaliados, sendo 56,3% submetidos à cirurgia de joelho e 43,7% à cirurgia de quadril. Cerca de 88% e 98% dos pacientes provenientes do serviço público e privado de saúde, respectivamente, receberam algum tipo de profilaxia para tromboembolismo, sendo a enoxaparina o medicamento mais utilizado em ambos sistemas. O custo total da profilaxia foi de R$ 1.873,01 (R$ 26,38 por paciente) no serviço público e R$ 21.559,73 (R$ 163,33 por paciente) no serviço privado. Para os indivíduos com tromboembolismo, o custo médio da internação foi de R$ 6.210,80 e R$ 43.792,59 por paciente atendido nos serviços de saúde público e privado, respectivamente.Conclusão A profilaxia em pacientes submetidos à artroplastia é mais utilizada em pacientes do serviço de saúde privado do que público, apesar dos altos custos em ambos os serviços. Os pacientes com tromboembolismo tiveram um custo maior do que aqueles apenas com profilaxia, mostrando que a prevenção está associada a um maior custo-benefício.

Macular dystrophy associated with Kjellin’s syndrome: a case report / Distrofia macular associada à síndrome de Kjellin: um relato de caso

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is characterized by weakness and spasticity of the lower extremities. Kjellin’s syndrome is a rare syndrome associated with HSP. The syndrome is characterized by the presence of bilateral retinal flecks, similar to the findings in Stargardt disease and fundus flavimaculatus. We report the case of a 34-year-old male who presented with complete features of Kjellin’s syndrome, with typical retinal findings observed on multimodal imaging (spectral domain optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT], near-infrared reflectance and autofluorescence imaging). The ophthalmological changes at early stages of the disease may not impair visual acuity. Therefore, the detection of central retinal degeneration requires thorough fundus examination.

A paralisia espástica hereditária (HSP) é caracterizada por fraqueza e espasticidade das extremidades inferiores. A síndrome de Kjellin é uma rara associação de HSP com a presença de flecks retinianos similares aos encontrados em pacientes com doença de Stargardt ou fundus flavimaculatus. Descrevemos os achados em imagens multimodais da retina (tomografia de coerência óptica de domínio espectral [SD-OCT], reflectância próxima ao infravermelho e autofluorescência) em um paciente de 34 anos que apresenta conjunto completo de sinais e sintomas da síndrome de Kjellin. As alterações retinianas em estágios iniciais da doença podem aparecer, mesmo sem redução da acuidade visual, e por isso, para detecção da degeneração central da retina, é necessário exame minucioso do fundo de olho.

Epidemiology of Hip Replacements in Korea from 2007 to 2011

We analyzed national data collected by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service in Korea from 2007 to 2011; 1) to document procedural numbers and procedural rate of bipolar hemiarthroplasty (BH), primary and revision total hip arthroplasties (THAs), 2) to stratify the prevalence of each procedure by age, gender, and hospital type, and quantified, 3) to estimate the revision burden and evaluate whether the burden is changed over time. Our final study population included 60,230 BHs, 40,760 primary THAs, and 10,341 revision THAs. From 2007 to 2011, both the number and the rate of BHs, primary THAs increased steadily, whereas there was no significant change in revision THAs. Over the 5 yr, the rate of BHs and primary THAs per 100,000 persons significantly increased by 33.2% and 21.4%, respectively. The number of revision THAs was consistent over time. The overall annual revision burden for THA decreased from 22.1% in 2007 to 18.9% in 2011. In contrast to western data, there were no changes in the number and rate of revision THAs, and the rates of primary and revision THAs were higher for men than those for women. Although 5 yr is a short time to determine a change in the revision burden, there have been significant decreases in some age groups.

Costo y desenlace de la infección de artroplastía de cadera: Estudio de caso y control / Cost and outcome of hip's arthroplasty nosocomial infection: Case and control study

Case-control study for evaluation of cost and outcome of nosocomial surgical site infection in primary hip arthroplasty during a period of 5 years. Mean hospitalization time in the orthopedic service was 54 days for cases, and 13 days for control (p < 0.05). Mean hospitalization time in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) was 1.1 days for cases. There were 0.83 post primary surgery interventions in cases, and a mean of 2.08 bacteriological cultures in each case. Controls didn't have hospitalizations in the ICU surgical reinterventions nor cultures necesary. The mean cost of infected patients was US $: 6,174.8. Mean cost in controls was US $: 2,354.7. The excess of cost due to infections was US $: 2,354.7 on the average. Outcomes in cases were: normal function 30.8 percent; moderate or serious sequelea 46.2 percent; death rate 15, 4 percent. The measured parameters contributed to raise case costs, and they caused an unsatisfactory outcome for two third of the patients.

Estudio de casos y controles efectuado para evaluar el costo y desenlace de la infección del sitio quirúrgico en artroplastía primaria de cadera en cinco años. La media de hospitalización en el Servicio de Traumatología fue de 54 días para los casos y 13 días para los controles (p < 0,05). La media de hospitalización en UCI de los casos fue 1,1 días; hubo 0,83 reintervenciones en los casos y una media de 2,08 cultivos por cada caso. Los controles no tenían hospitalización en UCI, reintervenciones, ni cultivos. El costo promedio de los pacientes infectados fue $ 3.241.800 (US $ 6.174,8). El costo promedio de los controles, alcanzó a $1.236.244 (US $ 2.354,7). El exceso promedio de costo por la infección fue de $ 2.005.556 (US $ 3.820,1). El desenlace fue el siguiente: función normal 30,8 por ciento; secuelas medianas y graves 46,2 por ciento; letalidad 15,4 por ciento. Los factores medidos contribuyeron a encarecer los costos de los casos y produjeron un desenlace insatisfactorio para dos tercios de los pacientes.

Diagnóstico y manejo de la artroplastía de cadera infectada / Diagnosis and management of infected hip artroplasty

La infección periprotésica, complicación de aproximadamente uno porciento de las artroplastías totales de cadera, entraña un elevado costo emocional y económico para el paciente y para los sistemas de salud respectivamente. En este artículo se revisan la fisiopatología de esta complicación y los recursos diagnósticos disponibles. Para su tratamiento se proponen dos alternativas: debridamiento con retención del implante y resección de la artroplastía ( en uno o dos tiempos). Se hace referencia al beneficio de antimicrobianos tópicos al momento de instalar la protésis articular para prevenir la infección