Colonização intracavitária pulmonar por Aspergillus: análise de 190 casos / Pulmonary intracavitary colonization by Aspergillus: analysis of 190 cases

A colonização intracavitária pulmonar aspergilar (CIPA) é caracterizada pela presença de massa miceliana de crescimento endocavitário. O agente mais frequente é o Aspergillus fumigatus, e a lesão cavitária é geralmente sequela de tuberculose e curada com história de hemoptise de repetição e baciloscopia negativa. Os autores analisaram retrospectivamente 190 casos de CIPA, entre abril de 1978 e março de 2008, no Serviço de Arquivo Médico do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley e no Complexo Hospitalar Clementino Fraga, enfatizando a incidência, forma de apresentação clínica, enfermidades associadas, métodos, diagnósticos e conduta terapêutica.

The colonized intrapulmonary aspergilloma (CIPA) is characterized by the mass fungal in a existing pulmonary cavity, where the most commonly agent is the Aspergillus fumigatus. The pulmonary cavity is often result cured pulmonary tuberculosis with hemoptisis repletion history and bacilloscopy negative. The authors analyzed retrospectively 190 cases of CIPA from April 1978 to March 2008 in the University Hospital Lauro Wanderley and Hospital Complex Clementino Fraga emphasizing the incidence, clinical evolution, illness association, diagnosis method and treatment.

Complex pulmonary aspergilloma treated by cavernostomy / Tratamento do aspergiloma pulmonar complexo por cavernostomia

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of cavernostomy in patients with complex fungal balls. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of patients undergoing cavernostomy between January 2005 and May 2013, evaluating: age, gender, preoperative signs and symptoms, predisposing disease, preoperative tests, location of the aspergilloma, etiologic agent, cavernostomy indication, postoperative outcome. Results: Ten patients were male. The mean age was 42.9 years (34-56). The most frequent symptom was repeated pulmonary bleeding. Cavernostomy was proposed for patients at high risk for lung resection. It was performed in 17 patients and all of them had pulmonary tuberculosis sequelae, with cavitations. The indication in all cases was hemoptysis and elimination of phlegm. The cavernostomies were performed in a single surgical procedure. In all 17 patients the cavity was left open after the withdrawal of the mycetoma. In all patients hemoptysis ceased immediately. Operative mortality was 9.5% (1). Conclusion: cavernostomy is an effective treatment alternative in patients at high risk. It may be useful in some patients with complex aspergilloma, irrespective of lung function or bilateral disease. It is technically easy, has low-risk, saves parenchyma, and may be performed in a single operative time. .

Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade da cavernostomia nos pacientes com bola fúngica complexa. Métodos: foram analisados os prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cavernostomia entre janeiro de 2005 e maio de 2013. Foram avaliados: idade, sexo, sinais e sintomas pré-operatórios, doença predisponente, exames pré-operatórios, localização do aspergiloma, agente etiológico, indicação da cavernostomia, evolução pós-operatória. Resultados: dez pacientes eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi 42,9 anos (34-56). O sintoma mais frequente foi o sangramento pulmonar repetido. A cavernostomia foi proposta para os pacientes com risco elevado para ressecção pulmonar, foi realizada em 17 pacientes e todos eles apresentavam sequelas de tuberculose pulmonar com lesões cavitárias. A indicação em todos os casos foi hemoptise e eliminação de catarro. As cavernostomias foram realizadas em tempo cirúrgico único. Nos 17 pacientes a caverna foi deixada aberta após a retirada do micetoma. Em todos os pacientes a hemoptise cessou imediatamente. A mortalidade operatória foi 1 (9.5%). Conclusão: a cavernostomia é uma alternativa de tratamento efetivo em pacientes com risco elevado. Pode ser útil em alguns pacientes com aspergiloma complexo, independentemente da função pulmonar ou doença bilateral. É tecnicamente fácil, de baixo risco, poupa parênquima, e realizada em tempo operatório único. .

Haemoptysis after four years of lobectomy for aspergilloma.

We present a case of a 26-year-old male who underwent lobectomy for life-threatening haemoptysis due to aspergilloma in an old tuberculosis left upper lobe cavity who presented with recurrence of haemoptysis four years after the surgery. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy revealed Aspergillus colonisation in the ectatic residual bronchus which is an uncommon complication of lobectomy. The patient was successfully managed with antifungal agents.

Intra-Aneurysmal Glue Embolisation of a Giant Pulmonary Artery Pseudoaneurysm after Left Upper Lobe Lobectomy: Case Report

We report a case of pseudoaneurysm of the anterior ascending branch of the left pulmonary artery, following a left upper lobectomy for pulmonary aspergillosis, for which we have done an endovascular treatment. This is the first case where complete pseudoaneurysm occlusion was accomplished after a transcatheter intra-aneurysmal N-butyl 2-cyanoacrylate (glue) injection.

Resección quirúrgica de aspergiloma en paciente inmunosuprimido: presentación de un caso clínico / Surgical resection of aspergilloma in immunosupressed patient: a case report

Aspergillosis refers to the spectrum of disease caused by Aspergillus species. The aspergilloma is the most common and best-recognized form of pulmonary involvement due to Aspergillus; usually developing in a preformed lung cavity and the principal association is with Tuberculosis. The true incidence of aspergilloma is not known. Although frequently asymptomatic, the presence of a fungus ball due to Aspergillus may cause hemoptysis and in cases can be fatal, with a variable mortality ranging between 9 to 30 percent. Aspergilloma usually comes to clinical attention as an incidental finding, thus the diagnosis involve clinical and radiological findings confirmed by pathology. There is no consistent evidence that aspergilloma. Responds to antifungal agents, and these drugs rarely achieve the minimal inhibitory concentrations within the lung cavities. Surgical resection, despite a high morbidity, is the only proven therapy for these cases.

La aspergilosis se refiere al espectro de enfermedades ocasionadas por la especie de Aspergillus. El aspergiloma es la forma más reconocida y común de la afección pulmonar relacionada a dicha especie, generalmente se desarrolla en una cavidad pulmonar pre-existente, la principal asociación es con secuelas de tuberculosis. Se desconoce la incidencia a nivel mundial. La mayoría de los pacientes se manifiestan asintomáticos; en raras ocasiones, debutan con hemoptisis mayor, con una mortalidad variable que oscila entre el 9 a 30 por ciento. El diagnóstico se basa en los hallazgos clínicos, imagenología y confirmados por patología. El tratamiento farmacológico no ha demostrado ser de gran utilidad, en tanto que, la cirugía a pesar de una elevada morbilidad podría ser el tratamiento de elección.

Tratamento cirúrgico de aspergiloma pulmonar / Surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o resultado do tratamento cirúrgico de aspergiloma pulmonar. Para tanto, foram avaliados 14 pacientes adultos (7 homens e 7 mulheres) e tratados no Hospital Universitário da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, em Botucatu (SP), entre 1981 e 2009. Dados foram coletados dos registros médicos dos pacientes. Dez pacientes (71 por cento) apresentaram aspergiloma pulmonar simples, e 4 (29 por cento) apresentaram aspergiloma pulmonar complexo. O sintoma mais frequente foi hemoptise, e a pneumopatia preexistente mais prevalente foi tuberculose. Dois pacientes (14 por cento) foram submetidos a mais de um procedimento cirúrgico. Não houve mortalidade operatória. Metade dos pacientes apresentou complicações pós-operatórias, sendo fuga aérea prolongada e empiema as mais frequentes.

The objective of this study was to analyze the outcome of surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma. To that end, we evaluated 14 adult patients so treated between 1981 and 2009 at the Botucatu School of Medicine University Hospital, in the city of Botucatu, Brazil. Data were collected from the medical records of the patients. Ten patients (71 percent) presented with simple pulmonary aspergilloma, and 4 (29 percent) presented with complex pulmonary aspergilloma. Hemoptysis was the most common symptom, and tuberculosis was the most prevalent preexisting lung disease. Two patients (14 percent) underwent surgery on more than one occasion. There were no intraoperative deaths. Half of the patients developed postoperative complications, prolonged air leak and empyema being the most common.