Susceptibility Pattern of Aerobic Bacterial Isolates from Wound Swab.

Wound swab culture is the most frequently employed method of confirming wound infection. A regular bacteriological review of infected wounds is necessary to provide qualitative health care particularly when blind treatment is a necessity as in underdeveloped and developing nations. Materials and Methods: A total of 614 Wound swabs sample were received in the department during the study period. Direct Gram staining of the specimens were done after which they were inoculated in Blood agar and MacConkey agar plates and antibiotic sensitivity was done according to CLSI guideline. Result: A total of 496 strains were isolated out of which 232 (46.77%) were Gramnegative bacilli and 264(53.23%) were Gram-positive cocci. Out of the 466 culture positive samples, 29 samples showed polymicrobial growth. E coli was the most common pathogen isolated. Of the 156 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 68 was from ward and 88 from Out Patient Department (OPD) of which 31(45.58%) and 30(34.09%) were determined to be methicillin resistant (MRSA) respectively. Out of 95 isolates of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus(CoNS ), 56 was from ward and 39 from OPD. Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus (MRCoNS) prevalence rate was 46 (82.14%) and 28(71.79%) for ward and OPD respectively. The gram negative isolates were most sensitive to imipenem and it was least sensitive to cephalosporin groups of antibiotics. Conclusion: The most commonly isolated pathogen from wound swab specimens was Gram positive bacteria but 46.77% of the isolates were Gram negative bacteria so antimicrobial coverage for Gram negative bacteria should be included in treatment of wound infection.

Disruption of the intestinal barrier and bacterial translocation in an experimental model of intestinal obstruction

Clinical evidence and the use of experimental models in laboratory animals indicate that the intestine is a reservoir of microorganisms that can cause systemic infection in the human. The purpose of this work was to study the possible effect of intestinal obstruction (IO) on the mechanical and chemical barriers that bring protection against microorganisms crossing from the intestinal lumen towards the systemic tissues. We demonstrated that 24 hours after IO, histological and ultrastructural alterations do occur, seriously compromising the structure of the intestinal barrier in 100 per cent of the studies animals. Likewise, it was observed that during the same period, microorganisms translocation from intestine to the peritoneal cavity and liver (100 and 80 per cent respectively) occurred. The lungs were spared. Changes observed in the intestinal epithelium are related to a process similar to that produced by intestinal ischemia: mitochondrial destruction, with subsequent decrease of its capacity to supply eb

Microbiota aeróbia e anaeróbi a normal da conjuntiva e borda palpebral de indivíduos hígidos / Aerobic and anaerobic normal microbiota of conjunctiva and lid margin of healthy subjects

Foram obtidos raspados da conjuntiva (CON) e bordo palpebral (BP) de ambos os olhos de 100 indivíduos hígidos para a pesquisa da microbiota aeróbia e anaeróbia normal do olho. O estudo foi realizado durante as 4 estaçöes do ano para a verificaçäo da relaçäo da frequência destes microorganismos coma a sazonalidade. Todas as amostras de BP apresentaram crescimento bacteriano, assim como 90 (45 por cento) de CON. A bactéria aeróbia mais frequentemente isolada, tanto em BP quanto em CON, foi Staphylococcus epidermidis. Outros aeróbios isolados foram Staphylococcus aureus, difteróides, Streptococcus spp., Micrococcus sp.,Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Acinetobacter Iwoffii e Bacillus spp. Eubacterium sp. foi o anaeróbio mais frequente em BP e Propionibacteriumspp. o ónico em CON. Além desses, identificaram-se Bacteroides fragilis, Clostridium innocuum e Peptococcus sp.. Microorganismos nos quais foi possível testar a relaçäo entre sua frequência, em BP ou em CON, com a sazonalidade foram Staphylococcus epidermis com 1 p<0,001 em BP e p<0,050 em CON, Staphylococcus aureus com um p<0,001em BP, e difteróides com um p<0,010 em BP e p<0,050 em CON. Streptococcus spp. em BP apresentou um p>0,002 o que näo é estatisticamente significativo. O presente estudo identifica a microbiota aeróbia e anaeróbia normal em CON e BP existente no nosso meio, alóem de comprovar estatisticamente a variaçäo sazonal de parte da mesma.

Influencia de la dieta en la flora bacteriana duodenal en niños desnutridos con diarrea crónica / Influence of the diet in the duodenum bacterial flora in childrens malnutritions with chronic diarrhea

En 22 niños con diarrea crónica de causa no establecida con percentil <5 para peso/talla y sin edemas. Se estudió el contenido bacteriano duodenal aeróbico y anaeróbico antes y 15 días después de tres diferentes regímenes dietéticos. Leche de vaca una dieta semielemental sin sacarosa y otra en la cual 10 g de maltodextrina fueron sustituídos por 12 g de sacarosa. En el grupo de niños que recibió dieta semielemental sin sacarosa hubo una reducción del número de colonias bacterianas, en cambio con la dieta semielemental con sacarosa hubo un incremento de la flora bacteriana. Dado que la única diferencia entre estas dos dietas era la sacarosa se puede especular que este último carbohidrato puede favorecer la proliferación bacteriana duodenal. Esto puede tener implicaciones nutricionales como hemos evidenciado en otros estudios