A política nacional sobre o álcool: avanços e desafios / The national policy on alcohol: advances and challenges

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o potencial de contribuição de cursos de capacitação de conselheiros de saúde para o desenvolvimento de uma cidadania ativa, tomando como referência as orientações do Guia do Monitor produzido no âmbito do Programa de Apoio ao Fortalecimento do Controle Social do Sistema Único de Saúde, apoiado pelo projeto REFORSUS do Ministério da Saúde...

Tratamiento del dolor quirúrgico en Buenos Aires durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX / Treatment of surgical pain in Buenos Aires during the first half of the 19th. Century. Historical Research

El tratamiento del dolor en la cirugía que se practicaba en Buenos Aires en la primera mitad del siglo XIX se basaba en la administración de opio y alcohol (usualmente vino Carlón). Además de estas sustancias, se apelaba a la sujeción, la sorpresa y el engaño, métodos ya empleados durante centurias. Importante era la rapidez del cirujano, que muchas veces operaba aun sin el auxilio de las sustancias mencionadas. Las operaciones se realizaban en los hospitales de la ciudad o en los domicilios de los pacientes.

Treating surgical pain in Buenos Aires during the first half of the 19th century was based on giving the patient opium and alcohol (usually cheap red wine). Also used were centuries-old methods such as binding the patient, taking him by surprise and lying to him. An important factor was the speed of the surgeon who frequently operated even without the help of the mentioned substances. Such surgery was done in the city's hospitals or the patient's home.

O tratamento da dor da cirurgia praticada em Buenos Aires na primeira metade do século XIX tinha como base a administração de ópio e álcool (usualmente vinho Carlón). Além dessas substancias, apelava-se para a sujeição, a surpresa e o engano, métodos já utilizados durante séculos. Era importante a rapidez do cirurgião, que muitas vezes operava até mesmo sem o auxilio das substancias mencionadas. As cirurgias eram feitas nos hospitais da cidade ou domicilios dos pacientes.

The terms Khalisa and dar-bahara in Jahangir's dastur -ul- amal and his physicians.

After his accession Jahangir passed twelve orders (dastur-ul-amal). According to the tenth order hospitals were to be built in all the big cities and physicians were to be appointed and expenditure for this purpose were to be made from "Khalisa" establishment. The term 'Khalisa' has been translated as royal treasury by scholars. But according to the Encyclopaedia of Islam the term means crown land. Jahangir's yearly income from his crown-land was fifty crores of rupees. So he in all probability ordered money to be spent from his personal fund. According to the fifth order, Jahangir forbade manufacture and sale of dar-bahara (rice-spirit). It has been suggested that probably the right term was 'dil-bahara' (exhilarating drink) because Jahanir the emperor would know title of rice-spirit a cheap drink meant for poor people. But in the history of the fourth year of his reign Jahangir says that he forbade the sale of bhang and buza (rice-spirit) in the market as those were injurious for health and he gave stringent orders for the abolition of gambling. So Jahangir was anxious for the physical and moral health of his subjects.