Efficacy of 7-Day and 14-Day Bismuth-Containing Quadruple Therapy and 7-Day and 14-Day Moxifloxacin-Based Triple Therapy as Second-Line Eradication for Helicobacter pylori Infection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bismuth-containing quadruple and moxifloxacin-based triple regimens are recommended as second-line therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of each regimen. METHODS: From August 2004 to October 2012, a total of 949 patients (mean age, 54.32+/-12.08 years; male, 49.4%) who failed H. pylori eradication with a standard triple regimen were included. Patients treated with a bismuth-containing quadruple regimen for 7 and 14 days were designated as 7-BMT and 14-BMT, respectively, and those treated with a moxifloxacin-based triple regimen for 7 and 14 days were designated as 7-MA and 14-MA, respectively. H. pylori eradication was confirmed using the 13C-urea breath test, rapid urease test or histology. RESULTS: The eradication rates by 7-BMT, 14-BMT, 7-MA, and 14-MA were 66.4% (290/437), 71.1% (113/159), 53.1% (51/96), and 73.5% (189/257), respectively, by intention-to-treat analysis (ITT) and 76.5% (284/371), 83.8% (109/130), 55.6% (50/90), and 80.6% (187/232), respectively, by per-protocol analysis (PP). The eradication rates were higher in 14-BMT than 7-BMT by the ITT and PP analyses (p=0.277 and p=0.082, respectively). The 14-BMT and 14-MA treatments showed similar efficacies by ITT and PP (p=0.583 and p=0.443, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The 7-BMT, 14-BMT, and 14-MA treatments showed similar and suboptimal efficacies. In both regimens, extending the duration of treatment may be reasonable considering the high level of antibiotic resistance in Korea.

Bismuth subsalicylate as filler particle for an experimental epoxy-based root canal sealer

AIM: To evaluate the influence of bismuth subsalicylate addition in different concentrations on theproperties ofan experimental epoxy-based root canal sealer. METHODS: Bismuth subsalicylate in 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and 120 wt% was added tothe sealer. Flow, film thickness, working time, setting time, dimensional change, sorption, solubility and cytotoxicity were evaluated according to ISO standard. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey'stest with a significance level of 5% for all tests. RESULTS:The flow, working and setting times significantly decreased withincreasing particle concentration. The film thickness, dimensional change, water sorption and solubility values significantly increased with higher particle amount. The results for cytotoxicity showed no statistically significant differences among the particle proportions. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the addition up to 80% wt of bismuth subsalicylate appears to be a promising filler particle to root canal sealer development.

Comparison of Azithromycin and Metronidazole in a quadruple-therapy regimen for Helicobacter pylori eradication in dyspepsia

Helicobacter pylori [H pylori] plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric neoplasms. Therefore, it is necessary to select an effective regimen for H pylori eradication. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two quadruple-therapy regimens-one with azithromycin and the other with metronidazole-for H pylori eradication in patients with dyspepsia. In this double-blind randomized clinical trial conducted in Rasoule-Akram Hospital in 2006, we included 60 patients [aged 15-70 years] who had dyspepsia and H pylori infection as diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and rapid urease test. Patients were randomly assigned to receive a quadruple-therapy regimen for 2 weeks: 1] the MAO-B group [n = 30] received metronidazole 500 mg b.i.d, amoxicillin 1g b.i.d, omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d, and bismuth 240 mg b.i.d and 2] the AAO-B group [n = 30] received azithromycin 500 mg once daily for 1 week and amoxicillin 1g b.i.d, omeprazole 20 mg b.i.d, and bismuth 240 mg b.i.d for 2 weeks]. H pylori eradication was assessed by the rapid urease test [RUT] 2 months after the cessation of treatment. H pylori was eradicated in 68% and 69% of patients in the MAO-B and AAO-B groups, respectively. There was no significant difference in H pylori eradication rates between the two groups [P = 0.939]. No significant difference exists between the two quadruple-therapy regimens that were tested

Poor efficacy of ranitidine bismuth citrate-based triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori eradication rates have tended to decrease recently possibly related with increasing antibiotic resistance. The present study investigated the efficacy of three different ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) based triple regimens in a population with high prevalence of H. pylori. METHODS: 300 consecutive H. pylori positive patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia were randomized into three regimens: (1) RBC 400 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and tetracycline 500 mg [RBC-AT], (2) RBC 400 mg, amoxicillin 1000 mg and clarithromycin 500 mg [RBC-AC], (3) RBC 400 mg, metronidazole 500 mg and tetracycline 500 mg [RBC-MT]. Tetracycline was given q.i.d, all other drugs were given b.i.d. for 14 days. Gastroscopy and (14)C-Urea breath test (UBT) were performed before enrollment and UBT only was repeated 6 weeks after the end of treatment. RESULTS: 274 patients completed the protocols. The overall 'intention to treat' and 'per protocol' H. pylori eradication rates in all subjects were 57.6% (95% CI: 52-63) and 63.1% (95% CI: 57-68), respectively. The eradication rates achieved in the groups (RBC-AT, RBC-AC and RBC-MT) were 64.4% (95% CI: 54-74), 66.2% (95% CI: 56-76), and 58.9% (95% CI: 49-68) on 'per protocol' analyses, respectively. There was no difference in eradication rates, compliance and major side effects between the groups. CONCLUSION: The current RBC-based H. pylori eradication therapy is not adequately effective.

Helicobacter pylori infection and thrombocytopenia: A single-institution experience in Mexico / Infección por Helicobacter pylori y trombocitopenia: Experiencia en una sola institución mexicana

The association between gastrointestinal H. pylori infection and thrombocytopenia was studied in a single institution in Mexico, over a 5-year period. In 99 individuals with H. pylori infection, the prevalence of thrombocytopenia was 14%, whereas in 23 consecutive patients with chronic refractory thrombocytopenic purpura, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 60%, this figure being similar to that informed in the general population of Mexico (66%); the association between thrombocytopenia and H. pylori infection was not significant. In 14 patients who were found to have both thrombocytopenia and H. pylori infection, eradication treatment was given and the platelet count recovered in three. It is not still clear if detection of H. pylori infection should be routinely included in the initial workup of chronic thrombocytopenia.

Se investigó la asociación entre infección del tubo digestivo por H. pylori y trombocitopenia en una sola institución en México, en un periodo de cinco años. En 99 individuos infectados por H. pylori, la prevalencia de trombocitopenia fue de 14%; por otro lado, en 23 pacientes consecutivos con púrpura trombocitopénica crónica refractaria, la prevalencia de infección por H. pylori fue de 60%, cifra similar a la descrita para la población general de nuestro país, de alrededor de 66%; en consecuencia, la asociación entre trombocitopenia e infección por H. pylori no fue significativa. En 14 pacientes en quienes coexistieron púrpura trombocitopénica e infección por H. pylori, se administró tratamiento de erradicación de la bacteria y la cuenta de plaquetas se normalizó en tres. Los datos apoyan otras publicaciones que muestran falta de asociación entre estas variables y son insuficientes para recomendar si es prudente o no investigar la infección por H. pylori en el estudio inicial de todos los pacientes con púrpura trombocitopénica.

14-day quadruple therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure in Thailand.

BACKGROUND: A quadruple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline is recommended as a second line therapy after Helicobacter pylori treatment failure. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of 14-day ranitidine bismuth citrate (RBC) base quadruple therapy after H. pylori treatment failure in Thai patients. METHOD AND MATERIAL: Between June 2003-May 2005, thirty-four patients who were H. pylori positive after first line (Omeprazole, Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin or Metronidazole) treatment failure received 14-day quadruple therapy with RBC (400 mg bid), Rabeprazole (20 mg bid), Metronidazole (500 mg tid) and Tetracycline (500 mg qid). Four weeks after completion of treatment, eradication was confirmed with 14C-urea breath test. RESULTS: There were 18 males (52.9%) and 16 females (47.1%) with a mean age of 47.3 +/- 14.6 years. Four patients dropped out due to side effects. Per-protocol eradication rate was 86.7% and the intention-to-treat eradication rate was 76.5%. Adverse effects were found in 38.2% with a bitter taste, nausea, and dizziness. The mean age in the treatment failure group was younger than that in the successful group (35.3 +/- 13.9 vs 51.1 +/- 13.9 years, p = 0.046, 95%CI, 0.3-31.5%). The abdominal symptoms were improved after eradication (82.4%). CONCLUSION: The 14-day quadruple therapy with ranitidine bismuth citrate is effective and well tolerated for the patients who failed with the Helicobacterpylori treatment. The patients with older age may receive a more favorable outcome of the treatment.

Efficacy of Two Triple Eradication Regimens in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Triple therapy with bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin, metronidazole (BAM) or with omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (OAC) has been commonly used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. We compared the efficacy of these triple therapies in children with H. pylori infection. We retrospectively analyzed results in 233 children with H. pylori infection and treated with OAC (n=141) or BAM (n=92). Overall eradication rates of triple therapy with OAC and BAM were 74% and 85%, respectively, which showed no statistical difference. Our study showed that the triple therapy with BAM was more effective for the first-line eradication of H. pylori infection in Korean children, but has no statistical difference with OAC regimen.

Efficacy of Two Triple Eradication Regimens in Children with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Triple therapy with bismuth subsalicylate, amoxicillin, metronidazole (BAM) or with omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin (OAC) has been commonly used for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection. We compared the efficacy of these triple therapies in children with H. pylori infection. We retrospectively analyzed results in 233 children with H. pylori infection and treated with OAC (n=141) or BAM (n=92). Overall eradication rates of triple therapy with OAC and BAM were 74% and 85%, respectively, which showed no statistical difference. Our study showed that the triple therapy with BAM was more effective for the first-line eradication of H. pylori infection in Korean children, but has no statistical difference with OAC regimen.

Trial of Moxifloxacin-containing Triple Therapy after Initial and Second-line Treatment Failures for Helicobacter pylori Infection / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Proton-pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication is widely used with considerable failure rate. Bismuth-based, second-line therapy is also associated with failures in more than 20% of cases in Korea. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of third-line therapy containing moxifloxacin as a rescue in Korea. METHODS: The subjects consisted of 201 patients infected with H. pylori, who were treated with PPI-based therapy, 42 patients treated with bismuth-based after failure of initial PPI triple therapy, and 10 patients treated with moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy after failure of successive initial and second-line therapy. Eradication rate, compliance and side effect rates were compared. RESULTS: The eradication rates of initial, second-line, and third-line therapy were as follows: 67.2%/83.3%, 54.8%/76.7%, 80.0%/88.9% by intention-to-treat and per protocol analysis, respectively. The compliance of patients for each treatment was 98.2%, 90.9%, 100%, respectively. The side effect rate was significantly higher in the bismuth triple therapy than in the PPI- or moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Moxifloxacin-containing triple therapy shows high eradication rate with fewer side effects and good compliance. Thus, this regimen could be used as a rescue therapy.

The Trend of Eradication Rates of Second-Line Quadruple Therapy Containing Metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori Infection: An Analysis of Recent Eight Years / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Failure rates of Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment turned out to be exceeding 10%, causing recurrence of peptic ulcers. In the case of eradication failure, the Korean College of Helicobacter Research and Practice recommends quadruple therapy consisting of proton pump inhibitor, bismuth, tetracycline and metronidazole. Many reports regarding the eradication rates of quadruple therapy have been reported. However, most were limited by short follow-up periods. Hence, we evaluated the efficacy of the metronidazole containing quadruple therapy as a second line treatment from April, 1996 through July, 2004. METHODS: Sixty-three patients were enrolled. Treatment consisted of aforementioned quadruple therapy for 1 week. Four to six weeks after completion of treatment, biopsies and CLO tests were performed to detect the presence of H. pylori. The patients were then followed-up with upper endoscopy once every year. RESULTS: The efficacy of the quadruple therapy was 74.6% in intention-to-treat analysis and 83.9% in per protocol analysis. Eradication rates of the years 1996, 1999-2000, 2001, and 2002-2004 were 75.0%, 93.8%, 100%, and 72.7%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data can not reveal the evidence of decreasing trend for eradication rate quadruple therapy of H. pylori in 8 years. However, eradication rate of 72.7% in recent 2 years necessitates the development of more efficient eradication regimen.

Efficacy of 14 Day OBMT Therapy as a Second-line Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection / 대한소화기학회지

BACKGROUND/AIMS: As a second-line treatment for H. pylori eradication in the case of first-line OAC (omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarithromycin) treatment failure, a minimum of one-week OBMT quadruple therapy composed of omeprazole, bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline has been recommended in European countries and one or two weeks in USA. In Korea, one-week OBMT quadruple therapy is recommended for the case of first-line OAC treatment failure. Because H. pylori eradication rate of one-week OBMT therapy in Korea is about 80%, the eradication rate of one week therapy is not satisfactory. We analyzed the effect of two-week second-line OBMT therapy. METHODS: Between June 2002 and June 2003, 107 patients who were H. pylori positive (44 males and 63 females: mean age 51.8 years) after primary eradication therapy received two-week OBMT therapy. Four weeks after completion of therapy, 13C-urea breath test was performed to detect H. pylori. RESULTS: After two weeks of OBMT therapy, eradication was achieved in 103 of 107 patients (96.3%) and in 68 of 71 peptic ulcer patients (95.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Two-week OBMT therapy should be considered as a retreatment regimen with the eradication rate more than 90%.

Erradicación de la infección por helicobacter pylori en la práctica clínica / Helicobacter pylori eradication in clinical practice

El descubrimiento del helicobacter pylori...El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar en la práctica clínica cotidiana la eficacia e incidencia de efectos adversos de un esquema cuádruple de tratamiento que combina Pantoprazol, Subcitrato de Bismuto Coloidal, Metronidazol y Tetraciclina para la erradicación de la infección por helicobacter pylori....La terapia cuádruple erradicó la infección en cerca del 90 por ciento de los pacientes. Los efectos adversos fueron leves, y no interfirieron con la eficacia del tratamiento ni motivaron abandonos de la medicación. Esta terapia puede ser recomendada, incluso como primera línea de tratamiento

Eficacia y seguridad entre diferentes dosis de nitazoxanida + subcitrato de bismuto + lansoprazol para la erradicación de Helicobacter pylori / Efficacy and safety amongst different doses of nitazoxanide + bismut subcitrate + lansoprazol to eradicate Helicobacter pylori

Estudio clínico, prospectivo, longitudinal, abierto, experimental de asignación aleatoria. Se estudiaron pacientes mediante endoscopia y prueba rápida de ureasa para infección activa por Helicobacter pylory, causante de dispepsia ulcerativa o no. Se distribuyeron en tres grupos. El grupo I, recibió nitazoxanida 1 g + subcitrato de bismuto 240 mg más 30 mg de lansoprazol cada 12 horas por siete días. El grupo II recibió nitazoxanida 500 mg más subcitrato de bismuto 120 mg más 30 mg de lansoprazol cada 12 horas durante 14 días. El grupo III recibió nitazoxanida 1 g + subcitrato de bismuto 240 mg más 30 mg de lansoprazol cada 12 horas por 14 días. Los pacientes fueron evaluados a los 14 días y a las seis semanas mediante prueba de aliento con carbono 14, para sustentar cura bacteriológica. El grupo I incluyó 29 sujetos, hubo erradicación de H. pylori en el 41.37 por ciento. El grupo II lo conformaron 28 sujetos, registrándose erradicación en el 75 por ciento. El grupo III incluyó 29 pacientes, entre los cuales se registro erradicación en el 83 por ciento. El diagnóstico más frecuente en los tres grupos fue gastritis, entre éstos casos se alcanzó 86 por ciento de erradicación, y duodenitis, 83 por ciento de erradicación. La úlcera péptica más frecuente fue la duodenal y lugo la gástrica; en el grupo II se alcanzó un 100 por ciento de erradicación. Los efectos colaterales (dolor epigástrico, náusea, coluria y cefalea) fueron mínimos y no obligaron a suspender el tratamiento. Se concluye que nitazoxanida más subcitrato de bismuto más lansoprazol tiene alta tasa de erradicación (87 por ciento); es seguro, bien tolerado y muestra eficacia en el tratamiento de la enfermedad acidopéptica asociada a infección por Helicobacter pylori

Erradicación del Helicobacter pylori en úlcera péptica y gastritis crónica. Ensayo clínico aleatorio / Eradication of Helicobacter pylori in pepetic ulcer and chronic gastritis. Randomized clinical study

Antecedentes. El helicobacter pylori (Hp) se presenta en más del 80 por ciento de los casos con enfermedad ácido péptica. Su erradicación requiere antimicrobianos cuya efectividad puede alcanzar 90 por ciento o más, según el esquema utilizado. Objetivo. Comparar la eficacia de erradicación del Hp en úlcera péptica y gastritis crónica con dos esquemas de tratamiento. Material y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 20 años, con enfermedad ácido péptica y biopsia positiva con Hp. Se investigaron antecedentes de úlcera y hemorragia, ingestión de AINE's, tabaco y alcohol. Fueron sometidos a endoscopia superior con biopsia de antro inicial y postratamiento para documentar erradicación. Se administraron dos esquemas de tratamiento: GI: subsalicilato de bismuto-tetraciclina-metronidazol-ranitidina, GII subsalicilato de bismuto amoxicilina-metronidazol-ranitidina. Análisis estadístico. Chi2 y análisis multivariado. Resultados. Se incluyeron 118 pacientes, 52 por ciento del sexo femenino, 48 por ciento del masculino con edad promedio de 47 ñ 16 años. El 79 por ciento de los casos tuvieron historia previa de úlcera y hemorragia, 62 por ciento, ingestión de AINE's 49 por ciento y tabaquismo 30 por ciento al momento de su diagnóstico. El 90 por ciento presentó dolor, melena 47 por ciento y 24 por ciento hematemesis. La erradicación de Hp fue de 70 por ciento para ambos esquemas (pNS), persistió la ulcera gástrica y duodenal en 23 por ciento y la ingestión de AINE's se asoció a pobre cicatrización ulcerosa y falla de erradicación (p<0.05). Conclusiones. Se obtuvo erradicación del Hp en 70 por ciento sin diferencia entre ambos grupos. Falla en cicatrización ulcerosa en 23 por ciento de los casos y los AINE's se asociaron a probre cicatrización y erradicación de Hp (p<0.05)

Ulcera duodenal e helicobacter pilori: ensaio clínico randomizado, comparativo entre terapia tríplice e ranitidina / Duodenale ulcer abd helicobacter pylori: randomized clinical essay comparactive between triplice therapy and ranitidine

INTRODUÇÄO: O papel patogêno do Helicobacter pylori na doença ulcerosa péptica está estabelecido e sua erradicaçäo se reflete na queda dos índices de recidiva da úlcera duodenal. É importante a realizaçäo de estudos epidemiológicos e ensaios clínicos em nosso meio (Bahia) por se tratar de populaçäo de baixo nível sócio-econômico, fator considerado de risco na aquisiçäo da bactéria. OBJETIVOS: avaliar a cicatrizaçäo e a recidiva da úlcera duodenal, a erradicaçäo do H. pylori, o tipo e intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório da mucosa gástrica, no intervalo de 12 meses, comparando-se dois esquemas terapêuticos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Foi realizado ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, simples cego. Neste estudo, 60 pacientes H. pylori-positivos com úlcera em atividade foram submetidos a exame clínico, endoscópico e histológico a cada 4, 8 e 12 semanas, 6 e 12 meses. Os esquemas de tratamento foram: esquema 1: ranitidina 150mg 2x/dia durante quatro semanas; esquema 2 (terapia tríplice): subcitrato de bismuto coloidal 120mg 4x/dia durante 4 semanas + amoxicilina 500mg 3x/dia + tinidazol 500mg 2x/dia durante as duas últimas semanas. Os pacientes nos quais a úlcera näo cicatrizou com quatro semanas foram submetidos a mudança de tratamento, de um esquema para outro (cruzamento terapêutico). Foram excluídos os pacientes nos quais a úlcera näo cicatrizou após oito semanas e aqueles que näo compareceram às reavaliaçöes. RESULTADOS: Dos 21 pacientes do esquema 1 e dos 39 do esquema 2, a úlcera cicatrizou em 14 (66,7 porcento) e em 32 (82,1 porcento), respectivamente, após quatro semanas (p> 0,6). Os nove pacientes nos quais a úlcera näo cicatrizou foram submetidos ao cruzamento terapêutico e destes, três (33,3 porcento) continuaram sem que a úlcera cicatrizasse. A erradicaçäo do H. pylori foi observada em 19 (46,3 porcento) dos 41 pacientes que foram submetidos ao esquema 2. Após acompanhamento de 12 meses, foi observada recorrência da infecçäo pelo H. pylori em seis (31,6 porcento) pacientes. Desses, quatro (66,7 porcento), recidivaram a úlcera duodenal. Os 13 pacientes que se mantiveram erradicados até o final do estudo näo recidivaram a úlcera. Dos 43 pacientes positivos para o H. pylori, 21 (48,8 porcento) recidivaram a úlcera em até 12 meses. Ao final do estudo, a recidiva da úlcera foi observada em 11 (78,6 porcento) dos pacientes do esquema 1 e em 22 (68,7 porcento) do esquema 2 (p > 0,7). Houve melhora histológica nos pacientes que erradicaram o H...

Tratamento do "Helicobacter pylori" em pacientes resistentes ao esquema Belo Horizonte (EBH) / Treatment of \"Helicobacter pylori\" in patients resistant to Belo Horizonte scheme

Foram estudados 150 pacientes com úlcera duodenal endoscopicamente comprovada em qualquer estádio da classificaçao de Sakita e resistentes ao EBH. Os pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em três grupos terapêuticos utilizando omeprazol, subcitrato de bismuto coloidal, amoxicilina e furazolidona. O grupo II, que utilizou omeprazol 20 mg uid x sete dias, associado a amoxicilina 500mg + furazolidona 200mg + SBC 120mg qid x sete dias, foi o que apresentou melhor índice de erradicaçao, com 64,4 por cento. Ocorreram altas taxas de efeitos colaterais nos três grupos, porém leves em sua maioria, e mais freqüentes nos esquemas de 14 dias.

Tratamiento de la infección por Helicobacter pylori: estado actual / Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: update

Teniendo en cuenta las implicancias etiopatogénicas del Helicobacter pylori en la evolución de la úlcera péptica, la gastritis crónica y posiblemente el cáncer gástrico, amerita tratarse esta infección, cuando menos en determinados casos (ulceras con frecuentes recidivas, gastritis crónica con severa displasia). Dada la gran cantidad de pacientes infectados y por la caracteristica de esta infección, lo ideal va ha ser desarrollar una vacuna oral, probablemente potenciada por elementos coadyuvantes como la toxina colérica. Mientras tanto, se tienen en uso diversos esquemas terapeuticos que se han analizado. Al momento actual los conceptos que han demostrado mayor efectividad son el bismuto y la claritromicina. Se ha visto que el empleo de los inhibidores de la bomba de protones, principalmente el omeprazol, potencian la acción de estos. Combinando estos 3 agentes por periodos de 1 semana se vienen obteniendo resultados muy satisfactorios. Los regimenes de terapia triple y cuadruple de 14 dias, que han dado resultados similares, parece que van ha ser sustituidos por estos. Erradicada la bacteria, los porcentajes de recurrencia son muy variables en los diferentes paises. En general, en los paises industrializados no pasa del 20 por ciento. En paises como el Perú, los porcentajes de recurrencia son tan altos como de 73 por ciento. En estos casos, dadas las implicancias de esta infección se puede plantear el empleo de tratamientos periodicos (2 veces al año), si es que la infección reaparece