Assessment of hematological parameters in workers exposed to organophosphorus pesticides, carbamates and pyrethroids in Cundinamarca 2016-2017 / Evaluación de parámetros hematológicos en trabajadores expuestos a pesticidas organofosforados, carbamatos y piretroides, Cundinamarca 2016-2017

ABSTRACT Objective To establish hematotoxic alterations through clinical and paraclinical exploration in workers who are exposed to organophosphorus pesticides, carbamates and pyrethroids (OPCP) due to their work in production, packaging, distribution and fumigation processes in Cundinamarca-Colombia between 2016 and 2017. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study was carried out on a sample of 92 workers from six companies, mostly aged between 18 and 30 years, of which 61 % were males and 39 % females, and 71 % were workers in the operational area and 29 % in the administrative area. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Clinical exploration reported findings in 17 % of the sample group, of which only 2 % presented with erythrocyte cholinesterase outside the reference range. The values of hematological parameters such as peripheral blood smear (PBS) and complete blood count (CBC) were outside the range in 15 % and 47 % of the sample, respectively. Discussion The results suggest that there are hematological alterations in this group that could possibly be associated with chronic exposure to OPCP.

RESUMEN Objetivo Determinar las alteraciones hematotóxicas a través de una exploración clínica y paraclínica, en trabajadores que por su oficio se exponen a pesticidas organofosforados, carbamatos y piretroides (POCP), en procesos de producción, envase, distribución y fumigación, en el departamento de Cundinamarca Colombia. Metodología Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó un análisis univariado, bivariado y multivariado. La muestra se conforma por 92 trabajadores de seis empresas, la mayoría entre los 18 y 30 años, de los cuales el 61 % son hombres y el 39 % mujeres, 71 % se desempeñan en el área operativa y 29 % en el área administrativa. Resultados Es de resaltar que se tienen hallazgos en la exploración clínica en el 17 % del grupo participante, solo el 2 % presenta la colinesterasa eritrocitaria por fuera del rango de referencia. Los parámetros hematológicos como el frotis de sangre periférica (FSP) presentan valores por fuera de los rangos en el 15 % y el cuadro hemático (CH) tiene valores por fuera de los rangos en el 47 % de las personas. Discusión Los resultados sugieren que existen alteraciones hematológicas en este grupo y que posiblemente podrían estar asociadas con la exposición crónica a POCP.

Effect of Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG laser irradiation on the adhesion of blood components on the root surface and on root morphology

The aim of this study was to conduct an in vitro evaluation, by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), of the adhesion of blood components on root surfaces irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG (2.78 µm) or Er:YAG (2.94 µm) laser, and of the irradiation effects on root surface morphology. Sixty samples of human teeth were previously scaled with manual instruments and divided into three groups of 20 samples each: G1 (control group) - no treatment; G2 - Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation; G3 - Er:YAG laser irradiation. After performing these treatments, blood tissue was applied to 10 samples of each group, whereas 10 samples received no blood tissue application. After performing the laboratory treatments, the samples were observed under SEM, and the resulting photomicrographs were classified according to a blood component adhesion scoring system and root morphology. The results were analyzed statistically (Kruskall-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests, α= 5%). The root surfaces irradiated with Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers presented greater roughness than those in the control group. Regarding blood component adhesion, the results showed a lower degree of adhesion in G2 than in G1 and G3 (G1 × G2: p = 0.002; G3 × G2: p = 0.017). The Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG laser treatments caused more extensive root surface changes. The Er:YAG laser treatment promoted a greater degree of blood component adhesion to root surfaces, compared to the Er,Cr:YSGG treatment.

[ genotoxic effects of mobile phone waves on induction of chromosomal damages in embryos of Balb/C mice]

In recent years, the widespread use of microwave producing instruments specially mobile phones; result in growing concern regarding the possible effects associated with these waves on human health. In the present study investigated the genotoxic effects of mobile phone radiation in adult mice [Balb/C] and their embryos. In this experimental research pregnant mice were irradiated with mobile phone for 4 days during gestational period from 14th to 18th days of gestation for 6h/day from 9AM until 15PM]. At the end of treatment period, euthanized the dams on day 18.5. Then embryos in 18.5th day of gestation were extracted. At first the morphology of embryos was studied, then documented their weight and CR length. For assessment of possible genetic damages in erythrocytes the blood was taken from their hearts and smear was prepared. Spleen tissue was prepared for histological studies. Smear was prepared from peripheral blood and bone marrow of mice and stained with May Grunowald and Gimsa. Data were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. In experimental group, mobile phone radiation decreased embryos weight [P=0.04] but no change was observed in CR length. Megakaryocytes and red blood cells of spleen were significantly increased [P=0.002 and P<0.05, respectively]. However, lymphocytes.numbers and micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood erythrocytes in experimental embryos and pregnant mice did not change. Interestingly, micronucleus frequency in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow of pregnant mice was significantly increased [P <0.001]. Mobile phone radiation [940 MHZ] had genotoxic effects and increased micronucleus formation in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow in pregnant mice

Descarte de bolsas de sangue devido à reatividade para doença de Chagas em um laboratório de triagem sorológica de doadores em Porto Alegre-RS / Disposal of blood units due to reactivity for Chagas' disease in a blood donor serological screening laboratory in Porto Alegre, Brazil

A transmissão transfusional (DCT) da doença de Chagas foi aventada nos anos 30 e comprovada nos anos 50. Inicialmente a sorologia pré-transfusional não era obrigatória e nas décadas seguintes os testes foram aperfeiçoados com técnicas mais adaptadas e fidedignas, chegando ao Elisa, mais utilizada atualmente. O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar o perfil sorológico para doença de Chagas dos doadores de sangue oriundos dos bancos de sangue atendidos pelo Laboratório de Sorologia da Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Hospital Independência (Ulbra-HI) em Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil com o objetivo de relacionar os índices encontrados com os disponíveis em nosso país. A população deste estudo foi composta por 36.720 doadores de sangue usuários dos serviços do Laboratório de Sorologia da Ulbra-HI durante o período de março de 2006 a maio de 2008. Foram consideradas sorologicamente inaptas para doença de Chagas 150 doações (0,41 por cento do total). Esta taxa é similar à encontrada na região Sul, indicando que a triagem realizada em nosso laboratório está de acordo com o observado em nosso país.

Transfusional transmission of Chagas' disease was suggested in the 1930s and proven in the 1950s. Initially pre-transfusion serology tests were not compulsory but in the decades following their introduction, the tests were improved with more suitable and reliable techniques, which culminated with Elisa, currently the most commonly used test. This study aims at examining the serological profile of blood donors of blood banks attended by the serology laboratory of the Universidade Luterana do Brasil - Hospital Independência (Ulbra-HI) in Porto Alegre, Brazil in respect to Chagas' disease, with the aim of comparing the rates of this laboratory with those published for Brazil. The study sample was composed of 36,720 blood donors during the period from March 2006 to May 2008. One hundred and fifty donations (0.41 percent) were considered serologically unsuitable due to Chagas' disease. This incidence is similar to that found in the southern region of Brazil, indicating that the screening conducted in our laboratory is in line with other laboratories.

Doença do enxerto contra hospedeiro pós-transfusional-guia para irradiaçäo gama de hemocomponentes / Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease guideline on gamma irradiation of blood components

A doença enxerto contra hospedeiro transfusional (DECHT) é síndrome rara e geralmente fatal. É caracterizada por febre, eritema cutâneo, náuseas, vômitos, diarréia, hepatite e pancitopenia. Pode ocorrer em pacientes com imunossupressão severa e em pacientes com imunossupressão severa e em pacientes imunocompetentes após a transfusão de hemocomponente celular de doador homozigoto para proteínas HLA às quais o receptor é heterozigoto. O diagnóstico é feito pelo quadro clínico e exame histopatológico da pele. A gamaglobulina antitimocítica associada a altas doses de corticosteróides é a terapêutica mais empregada. O desconhecimento da síndrome, o retardo no diagnóstico, o curso rápido e a ausência de resposta ao tratamento estão relacionados à má evolução dos pacientes. A melhor forma de abordagem da DECHT é a prevenção através da irradiação gama dos hemocomponentes. A dose necessária para completa inativação dos linfócitos T é de 2500 cGy. A principal alteração decorrente da irradiação é o aumento da concentração de potassio nos concentrados de hemácias. Os filtros de leucócitos não previnem o desenvolvimento da DECHT e a irradiação não previne a aloimunização e as reações transfusionais. Apenas hemocomponentes celulares como sangue total, cencentrado de hemácias, concentrado de plaquetas e concentrado de granulócitos, necessitam ser irradiados. Devem ser irradiados os hemocomponentes para transfusão entre familiares, transfusões HLA compatíveis, pacientes submetidos a trasnplante de medula óssea, portadores de doença de Hodgkin, pacientes tratados com análogos da purina, transfusões intra-útero, recém nascidos pré-termo e pacientes com síndrome de imunodeficiência congênita. É recomendável a irradiação de hemocomponentes destinados a pacientes com doenças neoplásicas quando submetidos a protocolos de quimioterapia agressivos.

Effect of cyclophosphamide on the binding of 99mTcO4 and 99mTc-MDP to blood cells and plasma proteins

Since the introduction of technetium-99m (99mTc) and its rapid acceptance as a tool in nuclear medicine, very little information is available about is biological action as 99mTc-radiopharmaceuticals. We have determined if cyclophosphamide, an alkylating agent, used in oncology as a chemotherapeutic drug, modifies the binding of 99mTCO-4 and 99mTc-MDP (99mTc-metylenediphosphonic acid) to blood cells and to plasma proteins. The radiopharmaceuticals were injected intravenously (iv) into SW-55 mice (male and female, weight 25 g) and samples of plasma and blood cells were separated. Cyclophosphamide (50 µg) was injected iv 1 h before the radipharmaceuticals. Samples of plasma and blood cells were also precipitated with 5 per cent trichloroacetic acid and soluble and insoluble fractions were isolated. The following results were obtained: 1) cyclophosphamide did not alter (0.25 to 8h) percent radioactivity of 99m TcO04 in plasma or blood cells but increased the binding of 99m Tc-MDP to blood cells; 2) cyclophosphamide did not alter (o.25 to 8h) 6the binding of 99m TcO-4 in insoluble fraction of plasma and decreasde (1 to 4h) percent radioactivity of 99mTc-MDP in the insoluble fraction of plasma; 3) cyclophosphamide increased (0.25 to 4h) percent radioactivity of 99mTcO-4 in the insoluble fraction of blood cells but did not alter the binding of 99m Tc-MDP. Cyclophosphamide and/ or its methabolities modified the effective half-life of these radiopharmaceuticals (to 99TcO-4 was increased 2.3 to 3.4h and to 99mTc-MDP was decreased 3.3 to 2.1 h) and possibly increased the permeability of blood cells to 99m TcO-4