University Pharmacy: from the foundation to the Pandemic times of Covid-19

Abstract The University Pharmacy Program (FU), from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), was created based on the need to offer a curricular internship to students of the Undergraduate Course at the Faculty of Pharmacy. Currently, it is responsible for the care of about 200 patients/day, offering vacancies for curricular internships for students in the Pharmacy course, it has become a reference in the manipulation of many drugs neglected by the pharmaceutical industry and provides access to medicines for low-income users playing an important social function. Research is one of the pillars of FU-UFRJ and several master and doctoral students use the FU research laboratory in the development of dissertations and theses. As of 2002, the Pharmaceutical Care extension projects started to guarantee a rational and safe pharmacotherapy for the medicine users. From its beginning in 1982 until the current quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic, FU-UFRJ has been adapting to the new reality and continued to provide patient care services, maintaining its teaching, research, and extension activities. The FU plays a relevant social role in guaranteeing the low-income population access to special and neglected medicines, and to pharmaceutical and education services in health promotion.

Diagnósticos/resultados e intervenções de enfermagem para pacientes com COVID-19: estudo documental retrospectivo / Nursing diagnoses/outcomes and interventions for patients with COVID-19: a retrospective documentary study / Diagnósticos/resultados e intervenciones de enfermería para pacientes con COVID-19: estudio documental retrospectivo

OBJETIVO: Construir Diagnósticos/Resultados e Intervenções de Enfermagem utilizando a Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem em pacientes com infecção por coronavírus. MÉTODO: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, do tipo documental retrospectivo, desenvolvido em unidades de pronto atendimento do município de João Pessoa -Paraíba. A amostra foi composta por 187 prontuários e a coleta de dados foi realizada entre junho e agosto de 2020. A análise dos dados ocorreu por meio de estatística descritiva, média, amplitude e desvio padrão. RESULTADO: Foram identificados 12 Diagnósticos/Resultados de Enfermagem (Dispneia, Febre, Tosse, Dor Muscular, Dor na cabeça, Diarreia, Olfato prejudicado, Paladar prejudicado, Falta de apetite, Deglutição, prejudicada, Dor notórax e Vômito) e 36 Intervenções de Enfermagem direcionadas aos pacientes acometidos por coronavírus. CONCLUSÃO: A identificação de Diagnósticos/Resultados e Intervenções de Enfermagem se faz indispensável para subsidiar a assistência, sobretudo no cenário atual da pandemia do COVID-19, contribuindo com a operacionalização do Processo de Enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To elaborate Nursing Diagnoses/Outcomes and Interventions using the International Classification for Nursing Practice in patients with coronavirus infection. METHOD: An exploratory, descriptive, retrospective and documentary study, developed in emergency care units in the municipality of João Pessoa -Paraíba. The sample consisted of 187 medical records and data collection was carried out between June and August 2020. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, mean, range and standard deviation. RESULT: A total of 12 Nursing Diagnoses/Outcomes (Dyspnea, Fever, Cough, Muscle Pain, Headache, Diarrhea, Impaired Smell, Impaired Taste, Lack of Appetite, Impaired Swallowing, Chest Pain and Vomiting) and 36 Nursing Interventions targeted at patients affected by coronavirus were identified. CONCLUSION: The identification of Nursing Diagnoses/Outcomes and Interventions is indispensable to support care, especially in the current scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to the operationalization ofthe Nursing Process.

OBJETIVO: Elaborar diagnósticos/resultados e intervenciones de enfermería utilizando la Clasificación Internacional para la práctica de enfermería en pacientes con infección por coronavirus. MÉTODO: Estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, del tipo documental retrospectivo, desarrollado en unidades de emergencia de la ciudad de João Pessoa, Paraíba. La muestra estuvo conformada por 187 historias clínicas y la recolección de datos se realizó entre junio y agosto de 2020. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, media, amplitud y desviación estándar. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 12 Diagnósticos /Resultados de Enfermería (Disnea, Fiebre, Tos, Dolor Muscular, Dolor de Cabeza, Diarrea, Deterioro del sentido del Olfato, Deterioro del sentidodel Gusto, Falta de Apetito, Deterioro de la deglución, Dolor Torácico y Vómitos) y 36 Intervenciones de Enfermería dirigidas a pacientes afectados por coronavirus. CONCLUSIÓN: Identificar Diagnósticos/Resultados e Intervenciones de Enfermería es fundamental para la atención, especialmente en el escenario actual de la pandemia de COVID-19, dado que contribuye a la operacionalización del Proceso de Enfermería.

Covid Longa e Pós-Covid / Long Covid and Post-Covid

Revisão acerca dos termos "long COVID", em português, "COVID Longa", "COVID Pós-Aguda", "Pós-COVID", ou "Síndrome de COVID Crônica". Ainda não há consenso na literatura sobre os termos. Raveendran (2021), Greenhalgh e colaboradores (2020), consideram a existência de dois estágios distintos após a fase aguda da infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2. Nalbandian e colaboradores (2021), consideraram a COVID PósAguda como a persistência de sintomas ou o desenvolvimento de sequelas após 4 semanas de início dos sintomas da doença. Baig (2021) defende o uso do termo Chronic COVID Syndrome (CCS) ­ em português Síndrome de COVID Crônica (SCC) ­ em analogia a outras doenças infecciosas e não-infecciosas da Medicina que apresentam progressão de sintomas de uma fase inicial a outra mais prolongada. Existem ainda, a proposta apresentada por Peñas e colaboradores (2021) que consideram o tempo, a partir do início de sintomas, como fator mais relevante na classificação. Para além do consenso acerca da nomenclatura a ser utilizada faz-se necessário pesquisas que examinem fatores de risco e mecanismos envolvidos no desenvolvimento de COVID Longa, bem como as medidas para prevenir e tratar adequadamente tal complicação (ALJAHDHAMI et al., 2021).

Review of the terms "long COVID", in Portuguese, "COVID Longa", "COVID Pós-Aguda", "Post-COVID", or "Chronic COVID Syndrome". There is still no consensus in the literature about the terms. Raveendran (2021), Greenhalgh et al. (2020), consider the existence of two distinct stages after the acute phase of infection by SARS-CoV-2. Nalbandian et al. (2021) considered PostAcute COVID as the persistence of symptoms or the development of sequelae after 4 weeks of onset of disease symptoms. Baig (2021) defends the use of the term Chronic COVID Syndrome (CCS) ­ in Portuguese Chronic COVID Syndrome (SCC) ­ in analogy to other infectious and non-infectious diseases in Medicine that present progression of symptoms from an initial phase to another more prolonged. There are still the submitted proposal by Peñas et al. (2021) who consider the time, from the onset of symptoms, as the most relevant factor in the classification. In addition to the consensus on the nomenclature to be used, research is needed to examine risk factors and mechanisms involved in the development of COVID Longa, as well as measures to prevent and adequately treat such complication (ALJAHDHAMI et al., 2021).

Perspective Covid-19 ARDS: challenges in care, recommendations & review of research / Covid-19: Desafíos, recomendaciones, revisión e investigación

Though physicians and care providers are familiar with the management of ARDS, however, when it occurs as a sequale of COVID-19, COVID-19 ARDS has different features and there remains uncertainty on the consensus of management. To answer this question on how it compares and contrasts with ARDS from other causes, we deliver a review of the published literature and our own clinical experience from managing patients with COVID-19 ARDS in DR Congo and India. A PubMed search was conducted on 05-7-2020 using the systematic review filter to identify articles that were published using MeSH terms COVID-19 and ARDS. Systematic reviews or meta-analyses were selected from a systematic search for literature containing diagnostic, prognostic and management strategies in MEDLINE/PubMed. Those were compared and reviewed to the existing practices by the various treating specialists and recommendations were made. Specifically, we discuss the COVID-19 ARDS, its risk factors and pathophysiology, lab diagnosis, radiological findings, rational of recommendation of drugs proposed so far, oxygenation and ventilation strategies and the psychological ramifications of the disease. Because of the high mortality in mechanically ventilated patients, the above recommendations and findings direct the potential for improvement in the management of patients with COVID-19 ARDS.

Aunque los médicos y los proveedores de atención están familiarizados con el manejo de ARDS, cuando ocurre una complicación de COVID-19, existe incertidumbre sobre el manejo y curso que va a seguir. Para responder a esta pregunta sobre cómo se compara y contrasta con el SDRA por otras causas, entregamos una revisión de la literatura publicada y nuestra propia experiencia clínica en el manejo de pacientes con SDRA COVID-19 en la República Democrática del Congo e India. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed el 05 de julio de 2020 utilizando el método sistemático con filtro de revisión para identificar artículos que se publicaron utilizando términos MeSH COVID-19 y SDRA. Se seleccionaron revisiones sistemáticas o metanálisis de una búsqueda sistemática de literatura que contenga diagnóstico, pronóstico y manejo estrategias en MEDLINE / PubMed. Aquellos fueron comparados y revisados para las prácticas existentes por los diversos especialistas en tratamiento y recomendaciones que fueron hechos. Específicamente, discutimos el ARDS COVID-19, sus factores de riesgo, fisiopatología, diagnóstico de laboratorio, hallazgos radiológicos, racionalidad de recomendación de los fármacos propuestos hasta el momento, las estrategias de oxigenación y ventilación y las complicaciones psicológicas de la enfermedad. Debido a la alta mortalidad de los paciente en ventilación mecánica las recomendaciones y los hallazgos anteriores se dirigen a la potencial de mejora en el manejo de pacientes con COVID-19.