Current Status of Human Taeniasis in Lao People's Democratic Republic

Human taeniasis was investigated in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) between 2000 and 2011 as part of the nation's helminthiasis survey. A total of 55,038 inhabitants, including 29,846 school children, were examined using the Kato-Katz and scotch-tape anal swab method, and morphological observation of adult worms. Molecular identification of Taenia tapeworms was performed by multiplex PCR or DNA sequence analysis of the mitochondrial cox1 gene. Taenia eggs were present at a rate of 1.5% (845/55,038) in the subject population. Adult tapeworms were identified as T. solium or T. saginata by analyzing the collectable stool specimens (n=126). Three specimens identified as T. solium were found in Luang Prabang, while the remaining 123 specimens, which were T. saginata, were found in Bokeo, Bolikhamxay, Champasak, Houaphan, Khammouane, Luang Namta, Luang Prabang, Oudomxay, Phongsaly, Saysomboune, Saravane, Savannakhet, Xayaboury, Xekong, Xieng Khouang Province, and Vientiane Municipality.

Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis among Preschool Children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea

We assessed the prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection and changes in the egg positive rate (EPR) over 1-year time, using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method in 2,347 preschool children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea in 2008 and 2009. The overall EPR for E. vermicularis was 4.1% in 2008 and 4.5% in 2009. A study population of 389 children was repeatedly examined for 2 years. Within this group, the EPR in 2009 was twice higher than in 2008, and the EPR of the group of 5-7-year-old children was significantly higher than that of other age groups. Moreover, in the group of 5-7-year-old children in 2009, the rates of positive and negative conversion were significantly higher and lower, respectively, than in other age groups. Conclusively, enterobiasis was prevalent during 2008-2009 among preschool children in Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, and the increased EPR in 2009 was due to an increase in newly acquired infections among 5-7-year-old children.

Effectiveness of Repeated Examination to Diagnose Enterobiasis in Nursery School Groups

The aim of this study was to estimate the benefit from repeated examinations in the diagnosis of enterobiasis in nursery school groups, and to test the effectiveness of individual-based risk predictions using different methods. A total of 604 children were examined using double, and 96 using triple, anal swab examinations. The questionnaires for parents, structured observations, and interviews with supervisors were used to identify factors of possible infection risk. In order to model the risk of enterobiasis at individual level, a similarity-based machine learning and prediction software Constud was compared with data mining methods in the Statistica 8 Data Miner software package. Prevalence according to a single examination was 22.5%; the increase as a result of double examinations was 8.2%. Single swabs resulted in an estimated prevalence of 20.1% among children examined 3 times; double swabs increased this by 10.1%, and triple swabs by 7.3%. Random forest classification, boosting classification trees, and Constud correctly predicted about 2/3 of the results of the second examination. Constud estimated a mean prevalence of 31.5% in groups. Constud was able to yield the highest overall fit of individual-based predictions while boosting classification tree and random forest models were more effective in recognizing Enterobius positive persons. As a rule, the actual prevalence of enterobiasis is higher than indicated by a single examination. We suggest using either the values of the mean increase in prevalence after double examinations compared to single examinations or group estimations deduced from individual-level modelled risk predictions.

Colitis amebiasis with symptom of occasional dripped anal bleeding.

Colitis amebiasis is usually characterized by bloody and mucous diarrhea, abdominal pain and anal discomfort. However, there is unusual manifestation of colitis amebiasis, such as occasional dripped anal bleeding, which sometimes spouted. Therefore, we often do not suspect such symptoms for colitis amebiasis. Laboratory examination includes complete laboratory test, coagulation and hematologic test, ICT TBC and colonoscopy. The pathology anatomy examination reveals positive results of trophozoites. Treatment by using metronidazole tablet provides good result for this disease.

The prevalence of enterobiasis in children attending mobile health clinic of Huachiew Chalermprakiet University.

A cross sectional survey of Enterobius vermicularis was carried out in 808 children in the Bangkok metropolis and nearby provinces. This was accomplished in a mobile health clinic from Huachiew Chalermprakiet University provided for communities in the areas during April 1999 to May 2000. Children 5-10 years of age were investigated for infestation of Enterobius vermicularis. Diagnosis was done by means of the transparent tape swab technique to recover eggs in the perianal region for examination under a light microscope. The average infection rate in children was 21.91%. The highest infection rate (38.59%) was found in Ang Thong Province, while the lowest one (11.66%) was found in Chonburi Province. The rate of infection seemed to relate to household environmental factors. The infection rate was significantly higher (p<0.05) in agricultural areas and areas farthest from urban Bangkok. Industrial and urban areas had the lower rates of infection. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the incidence of infection between males and females.

Quistes hidatídicos primitivos de localización extraabdominal y extrapulmonar / Primary hydatidic cysts of extraabdominal and extrapulmonary location

La hidatidosis extraabdominal y extrapulmonar es excepcional y compromete un amplio espectro de localizaciones que habitualmente son respetadas por esta parasitosis. Se presentan 11 pacientes con quistes hidatídicos primitivos extraabdominales y extrapulmonares operados en un período de 20 años, que representan el 1,9 por ciento de todos los casos nuevos de hidatidosis operados en ese lapso. La parasitosis se ubicó en 2 casos en glándula tiroides, 1 en parótida, 1 en mama, 5 en músculos, 1 en región perianal y 1 en triángulo posterior del cuello. Seis enfermos fueron del sexo femenino y 5 del masculino; la mediana de edad fue de 36 años con un margen de 8 a 65 años. La procedencia fue del área rural en 10 pacientes. El diagnóstico preoperatorio fue correctamente realizado en 4 (36 por ciento) enfermos, donde la punción aspirativa jugó un papel fundamental. Todos los casos fueron tratados quirúrgicamente sin presentarse complicaciones ni mortalidad asociadas a la cirugía. En pacientes con tumores extraabdominales y extrapulmonares provenientes de regiones de hidatidosis endémica, debe tenerse presente el diagnóstico de quiste hidatídico y realizar estudios complementarios conducentes a confirmar el diagnóstico, destacando la punción aspirativa del quiste que puede proporcionar el diagnóstico de certeza de la parasitosis

Miasis anal / Anal myiasis

Se presenta una observación de miasis anal. Se realizan consideraciones sobre las moscas capaces de producir miais y sobre sua larvas. Se desarrolla el caso clínico y se destaca lo infrecuente de esta localización de la miasis humana

Anothor Trypanosoma, distinct from T. cruzi, multiplies in the lumen of the anal glands the opossum Didelphis marsupialis

Um tripanosoma ainda näo identificado foi encontrado multiplicando-se como epimastigotas extracelulares na glândulas anais de um gambá. Trata-se possivelmente do T. (M.) freitasi. O achado demonstra que tal localizaçäo näo se restringe ao T. cruzi e sugere que os tripanosomatídeos devem ser buscados nesta e em outras situaçöes inortodoxas, no organismo dos hospedeiros vertebrados