A biochemical and histopathological evaluation of generalized pulp calcification in young permanent teeth.

Pulp calcifications are a frequent finding on bitewing and periapical radiographs in older age-groups but their occurrence in the entire dentition in young subjects is unusual. We report such an unusual occurrence of generalized pulp calcification in a 13-year-old Indian female. Radiographic examination of the dentition revealed pulp calcifications in all permanent teeth, located mostly in the pulp chamber but with some in the root canals. The patient's dental, medical, and family history was noncontributory. Biochemical analysis of the removed pulp calcification from one of the teeth during endodontic treatment showed large amounts of calcium, phosphorus, and carbonate. However, metabolic evaluation of patient through liver and kidney function tests and other blood investigations did not reveal any metabolic disorder. The patient was also evaluated for any systemic, syndromic, or genetic involvement but this was also noncontributory. Therefore, we propose that this unusual case of generalized pulp calcification is of idiopathic origin. In this work, histopathological and biochemical evaluations of the pulp calcification was done to try and understand the initiation and progress of calcifications in pulpal tissue.

Assessment of ground water quality in Sunamganj of Bangladesh

In this study, groundwater quality in Sunamganj of Bangladesh was studied based on different indices for irrigation and drinking uses. Samples were investigated for sodium absorption ratio, soluble sodium percentage, residual sodium carbonate, electrical conductance, magnesium adsorption ratio, Kelly's ratio, total hardness, permeability index, residual sodium bi-carbonate to investigate the ionic toxicity. From the analytical result, it was revealed that the values of Sodium Adsorption Ratio indicate that ground water of the area falls under the category of low sodium hazard. So, there was neither salinity nor toxicity problem of irrigation water, so that ground water can safely be used for long-term irrigation. Average total hardness of the samples in the study area was in the range of between 215 mg/L at Tahirpur and 48250 mg/L at Bishamvarpur. At Bishamvarpur, the water was found very hard. Average total hardness of the samples was in the range of between 215 mg/L at Tahirpur and 48250 mg/L at Bishamvarpur. At Bishamvarpur, the water was found very hard. It was shown based on GIS analysis that the groundwater quality in Zone-1 could be categorized of [excellent] class, supporting the high suitability for irrigation. In Zone-2 and Zone-3, the groundwater quality was categorized as [risky] and [poor] respectively. The study has also made clear that GIS-based methodology can be used effectively for ground water quality mapping even in small catchments

Physico-chemical characteristics of water samples of Bantwal Taluk, south-western Karnataka, India.

Quality of water is an important criterion for evaluating the suitability of water for irrigation and drinking. In the present study the analysis of water samples from different sources like open wells, bore wells, farm ponds and streams/rivers of twenty villages of Bantwal taluk of Dakshina Kannada district, South-western Kamataka has been carried out. The physico-chemical characteristics of this water showed that it is suitable for irrigation and agricultural purposes.

Limnological investigations of Texi Temple pond in district Etawah (U.P.).

Present investigations were carried out on the limnological aspects of Texi temple pond in district Etawah. Many of the parameters were found below the permissible limits for drinking water as suggested by WHO. A total of 18 parameters were analysed and their seasonal variations in the year 2003 were discussed.

Assessment, management and spatial distribution of ground water for irrigation in Rupnagar district of Punjab (India).

Ground water samples for geo-referenced sites were collected and analyzed for various chemical constituents for assessing their quality for irrigation. These waters were categorized as good and marginal sodic based upon the values of EC and RSC. The ground water quality map of the area was prepared and digitized using GIS software and blockwise area under different categories was commuted, which indicates that Kharar block (46.7 percent of the TGA) has maximum area under marginally sodic water as compared to the Anandpur Sahib block with 8.5 percent of its TGA under marginally sodic waters.

Major ion and heavy metal chemistry of Pachin river (Itanagar) - levels and sources.

The Pachin river is an upland tributary of the Brahmaputra river, originating in the foot-hills of the lesser Himalayas. A systematic study of major ions and heavy metals in the surface water of the river was carried out at peak, intermediate and low flow conditions during an one-year interval to assess the relative contributions from weathering and pollution. The major ion chemistry indicates that silicate weathering and precipitation are the major contributing factors to the river's chemical composition. The Pachin river is characterized by a low overall conductivity, even during times of evaporative concentrations during low flow. This corresponds to the fact that the catchment area is still relatively pristine, i.e., well forested and without significant industry. However, heavy metal patterns clearly reflect source input from agricultural activity and urban development. The levels of Fe and Co were amongst the highest of any rivers of the Indian sub-continent, while these and Cr, Mn, Cu and Se each exceeded the world average value. These results clearly indicate that rivers draining pristine areas can be significantly modified by human activities, and consequently, these must be monitored to ensure that useable water supplies meet the prescribed safety standards.

Celulose fibrosa do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar: avaliaçäo da açäo aglutinante/desagregante em comprimidos contendo fármaco hidrossolúvel / Fibrous cellulose of sugar cane bagasse: valuation of the binder/disintegrating action in tablets that contain water-soluble drug

Uma celulose fibrosa obtida do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar foi analisada, no presente trabalho, quanto à sua açäo aglutinante/desagregante e quanto ao seu grau de interferência na liberaçäo de princípios ativos ("in vitro"), quando incorporada em um sistema compactado incluído de um fármaco hidrossolúvel. Empregou-se como fármaco referência o carbonato de lítio, considerando sua hidrossolubilidade e suas más qualidades de compressibilidade e escoamento. A celulose em questäo foi avaliada em estudo comparativo, envolvendo outra celulose fibrosa correntemente utilizada na obtençäo de comprimidos (Microcel 3E-200). Após a experimentaçäo em metodologias de granulaçäo a seco e a úmido, concluiu-se que as celuloses ensaiadas apresentam adequada eficiência aglutinante e desagregante e que säo equivalentes quanto a estes aspectos