Clinical evaluation of a bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw augmented with polymethylmethacrylate: 128 osteoporotic patients with 42 months of follow-up

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw augmented with polymethylmethacrylate in osteoporotic spinal surgery. METHODS: This study included 128 patients with osteoporosis (BMD T-score −3.2±1.9; range, −5.4 to -2.5) who underwent spinal decompression and instrumentation with a polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw. Postoperative Visual Analogue Scale scores and the Oswestry Disability Index were compared with preoperative values. Postoperative plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were performed immediately after surgery; at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months; and annually thereafter. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 42.4±13.4 months (range, 23 to 71 months). A total of 418 polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws were used. Cement extravasations were detected in 27 bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screws (6.46%), mainly in cases of vertebral fracture, without any clinical sequela. The postoperative low back and lower limb Visual Analogue Scale scores were significantly reduced compared with the preoperative scores (<0.01), and similar results were noted for the Oswestry Disability Index score (p<0.01). No significant screw migration was noted at the final follow-up relative to immediately after surgery (p<0.01). All cases achieved successful bone fusion, and no case required revision. No infection or blood clots occurred after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The polymethylmethacrylate-augmented bone cement-injectable cannulated pedicle screw is safe and effective for use in osteoporotic patients who require spinal instrumentation.

Resultados de la craneoplastia con el uso de cemento Genta 1 en los defectos óseos postraumáticos / Cranioplasty Results Using Genta 1 Cement in Posttraumatic Bone Defects

Introducción: la reconstrucción de defectos de la bóveda craneana constituye un reto para el cirujano. Durante las últimas décadas, muchas han sido las variantes quirúrgicas para su aplicación, así como los materiales utilizados para ello. Objetivo: mostrar los resultados en la realización de craneoplastias con el uso de cemento Genta 1 en pacientes con defecto óseo del cráneo, secundario a traumatismo craneoencefálico. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de serie de casos que abarca desde el año 2009 hasta septiembre de 2014 a 20 pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico que les dejó como secuela un defecto óseo del cráneo, requiriendo posteriormente de craneoplastia. Resultados: predominó en el adulto joven y el sexo masculino. En cuanto al diámetro del defecto, predominó el pequeño, seguido de los medianos. En relación con la topografía, prevalecieron los frontales derechos. Predominó la modalidad de abordaje tardío de la craneoplastia luego de la aparición del defecto. Las principales complicaciones fueron el hematoma subgaleal y la deformidad cosmética residual. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los defectos tratados fueron pequeños y medianos, localizados en la región frontal derecha, la modalidad de abordaje más empleada fue la tardía y existió un mínimo de complicaciones(AU)

Introduction: The reconstruction of defects of the cranial cavity constitutes a surgical challenge. Many have been the surgical variants for its application during the last decades, as well as the material used for it. Objectives: To evaluate the results in craneoplasty realized with cement Genta 1 in patients with osseous defect secondary to cranial injury. Methods: It was done a descriptive, retrospective and longitudinal study extended from 2009 to 2014 in 20 patients with cranial injury that left them as consequence an skull's osseous defect which needed subsequent craneoplasty. Results: The injuries predominated in young adults and male sex. Small defects were the more frequent, followed by middle sized and only a large one. In relation with topography, they prevailed in right frontal region of the skull. The belated approach was the most used treatment adopted for the craneoplasty. Subgaleal haematoma and the residual cosmetic deformity were the main complications. Conclusions: Majority of cranial defects were small and middle sized, topographycally situated on the right frontal region and the belated approach was the most frequent treatment adopted for the craneoplasty(AU)