¿Es tiempo de modificar la vinculación pregrado postgrado en la educación médica chilena? Reflexiones sobre una vía de doble titulación Médico cirujano/Doctor en ciencias médicas / Time to change the graduate-postgraduate liaison in Chilean medical education? Reflections about a double certification as Physician and Doctor in medical sciences

In the last 150 years, scientific research has produced extraordinary discoveries in Medicine and there is no doubt that research will continue contributing substantially in the future but there is no the same conviction regarding how to provision such capacities in medical graduates. In Chile, the Faculties of Medicine created several doctorate programs in Medical Sciences (Ph.D.) to strengthen medical research. However, the low number of physicians who apply to these programs is a caveat. These programs provide the advanced third-cycle competencies expected by students aspiring for an excellence research certification and their incorporation into academia. Universities stand out in their capacity to adapt themselves to educational needs, developing programs designed to fill specific gaps. Ph.D. programs intercalated to the medical career show that this is the correct approach. The development of specific doctorate programs for the small number of physicians interested in research and for medical students with a strong interest in research could be an innovative solution to motivate and encourage them to develop a career in clinical investigation. Using this approach, Medical Schools and Doctorate in Medical Sciences programs would jointly stimulate the training of medical scientists.

A utilidade dos indicadores da qualidade no gerenciamento de laboratórios clínicos / Usefulness of quality indicators in the management of clinical laboratories

O uso dos indicadores da qualidade vem sendo valorizado na gestão dos laboratórios clínicos para otimizar a qualificação e a quantificação das falhas nos diferentes processos laboratoriais, bem como para auxiliar a implantação de medidas corretivas e preventivas e apontar a eficácia das ações tomadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é discorrer sobre a evolução da qualidade na área da saúde, com ênfase na área laboratorial. Alguns indicadores laboratoriais citados na literatura nas fases pré-analítica, analítica e pós-analítica também são apresentados e discutidos neste artigo. Por fim, destaca-se a experiência brasileira do Programa de Indicadores Laboratoriais desenvolvido pela Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial (SBPC/ML) em parceria com a Control-Lab e o projeto Model of Quality Indicator, em fase de desenvolvimento pela International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).

The use of quality indicators has been appreciated in laboratory management so as to optimize quality and error quantification in several laboratory processes. Furthermore, it assists in the implementation of preventive and corrective measures and it shows their corresponding efficiency. The objective of the present study is to discuss the evolution of quality, mainly in the laboratory area, focusing on the importance of quality indicators in laboratory management. Some pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical laboratory indicators are also presented and discussed in this work. Finally, we highlight the Brazilian initiative in the Laboratory Indicator Program developed by the Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (SBPC/ML) in partnership with Control-Lab and the Model of Quality Indicator project, which has been developed by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).

El aseguramiento de la calidad en el laboratorio clínico / Quality assurance in clinical laboratory

Las circunstancias políticas, económicas, comerciales, tecnológicas y sociales actuales, exigen a empresas y profesionales una mayor calidad de sus productos y servicios, y además que esa calidad sea acreditable de antemano. La medicina asistencial, y por ende el laboratorio clínico, no es una excepción y nuestro futuro se basa y pasa por el aseguramiento de la calidad. En este trabajo se intentan explicar las bases del aseguramiento, los conceptos de sistema de calidad, de certificación y acreditación de laboratorios y las particularidades de la certificación o acreditación del laboratorio clínico, las normas existentes y las diferentes normas, organizaciones de aseguramiento de la calidad y de sistemas de calidad adoptados en la mayoría de los países desarrollados y se termina con una somera descripción de los principales escritos necesarios para la documentación del sistema de calidad. Se concluye que una vez más, nuestra profesión pone de manifiesto y esta vez de manera objetiva, su preocupación permanente por la mejora de la calidad de nuestro ejercicio profesional

Aspectos preliminares da utilizaçäo segura do método de imagens ultra-sônicas para diagnóstico médico: a qualificaçäo profissional / Preliminary aspects of safety utilization of ultrasound imagen method for medical diagnostic: professional qualification

Apesar da popularidade do diagnóstico médico por imagens de ultra-som, ainda há um longo caminho a percorrer quanto aos aspectos gerais de segurança do método. Este trabalho de investigação busca situar um dos questios básicos que é qualificação do ultra-sonografista. São apresentados e analisados os resultados preliminares da análise de um questionário realizado em um grupo de testes constituido por estes profissionais.

Although ultrasound medical imaging is a well stablished diagnostic method, there is still a long way to go when it comes to general safety aspects of the method. This work intends to investigate one of these basic aspects: professional qualification. Preliminary results involving the distribution of a questionary among those professionals are presented and analised

Métodos para indicar indicar la conformidad con normas en los sistemas de certificación por terceros / Methods for indicating the conformity with standards in the certification systems by third parties

Esta guía trata de las formas de indicar la conformidad con normas, y de las referencias que se hagan de ellas en las normas. es aplicable a las indicaciones de conformidad hechas bajo la autoridad de un organismo de certificación. Esta guía está prevista principalmente para las normas nacionales, e internacionales, pero también puede utilizarse para otras especificaciones técnicas.