Study on accumulation law of peimine in different Fritillaria thunbergii cultivar / 中国中药杂志

In order to study the accumulation of Fritillaria thunbergii cultivar, peimine content in Xiaye, Kuanye, Duozi and Xiaosanzi bulbs of different sizes and parts was determined by HPLC-ELSE. The results indicated that the peimine content varied significantly with the cultivar type, the size and part of bulb. The distribution laws of peimine were as follow: Xiaosanzi > Duozi > Xiaye > Kuanye, small-size bulb > big-size bulb, core bud > scale. The peimine yield per plant in Duozi was the highest.

Effect of Peimine on ERCC1 mRNA and LRP Expressions of A549/DDP Multidrug Resistance Cell Line / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of peimine on excision repair cross-complementation 1 (ERCC1) mRNA and lung resistant protein (LRP) expressions in A549/cisplatin (DDP) multidrug resistance (MDR) cell line.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lung cancer A549/DDP cells were cultured in vitro.Cells at logarithmic growth phase were divided into 4 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the DDP group, the ligustrazine group (DDP+ligustrazine), the peimine group (DDP + peimine). After 48-h drug action, ERCC1 mRNA expression was detected by RT-PCR and LRP expression detected by cell immunofluorescence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was no statistical difference in expression levels of ERCC1 mRNA and LRP between the DDP group and the blank control group (P > 0.05). Compared with the DDP group, expression levels of ERCC1 mRNA and LRP obviously decreased in the ligustrazine group and the peimine group (P < 0.05). They were obviously lower in the peimine group than in the ligustrazine group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Peimine could reverse MDR of A549/DDP cell line. Its mechanism might be associated with down-regulating ERCC1 mRNA and LRP expression levels.</p>

Rat intestinal absorption trait of peimine and peiminine in Thunberg fritillary bulb extract / 药学学报

To study the in situ intestinal absorption kinetics and compatibility influence of peimine and peiminine in rats, the absorption of peimine and peiminine in small intestine (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) and colon of rats was investigated using in situ single-pass perfusion method and the drug content was measured by HPLC-ELSD. Perfusion rate, pH, concentration of drug, gender and bile duct ligation can significantly affect the absorption of peimine and peiminine, the Ka, and Papp values in the condition of pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 had significant difference (P<0.01), as drug concentration irlcreased, the absorption parameters of peimine and peiminine decreased, Ka and Papp between low concentrations and middle concentrations was significant difference (P<0.01). Verapamil can not affect Ka and Papp of peimine and peiminine which are in the extract (P> 0.05). Bitter almonds and licorice can significantly reduce the absorption of peimine and peiminine with the usual dose (P<0.01), extracted separately and together had no significant difference on Ka and Papp (P> 0.05). Experimental results show that the absorption features of peimine and peiminine are basically the same, both of them could be absorbed at all segments of the intestine in rats and had no special absorption window, and with significant differences between male and female individuals. The absorption of peimine and peiminine complies with the active transport and facilitated diffusion in the general intestinal segments. Bitter almond and licorice can reduce the intestinal absorption rate ofpeimine and peiminine.

Simultaneous determination of peimisine and sipeimine in Fritillaria walujewii regel and Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk by UPLC-ELSD / 药学学报

The paper reports the establishment of a method for simultaneous determination of peimisine and sipeimine contents in Fritillaria walujewii Regel and Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. The analyses were performed on an ultra-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC-ELSD), equipped with a binary solvent manager, a sampler manager and a column compartment, and connected to Waters Empower 2 software. An Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm x 2.1 mm, 1.7 microm) was used for all analysis. The investigated compounds were separated with gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.02% triethylamine-water. The temperature of sample manager was set at 25 degrees C. Drift tube temperature was 40 degrees C, and spray parameter was 40% with injection volume of 1 microL. The investigated compounds including peimisine and sipeimine had good linearity (r > or = 0.9991) over the tested ranges. The average recovery was 94.5% and 98.1% with RSD < or = 2.36%. The UPLC-ELSD method is simple, sensitive and accurate with good repeatability, which is available for quality control of F. walujewii Regel and F. pallidiflora Schrenk.

Simultaneous determination of peimine and peiminine in rat plasma by LC-MS/MS and its application in the pharmacokinetic study / 药学学报

To establish an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of peimine and peiminine in rat plasma after oral and intravenous administration of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. extract, the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as well. Peimine, peiminine and internal standard carbamazepine were extracted from plasma with liquid-liquid extraction by ethyl acetate, then separated on a Luna C18 column by using acetonitrile-water containing 10 mmol x L(-1) ammonium formate (35:65), as mobile phase. The electrospray ionization (ESI) source was applied and operated in positive ion mode. Peimine was detected at m/z 432.4 --> 414.4, peiminine at m/z 430.4 --> 412.4 and carbamazepine (IS) at 237.1 --> 194.2. The linear calibration curves were obtained at the concentration range of 0.8-800 ng x mL(-1) for peimine and peiminine. The extraction recoveries were 94.1%-105.3% and 85.8%-98.6%, respectively. The precisions, accuracy and stability of the analytes meet the requirements. The method was shown to be effective, convenient, and suitable for simultaneous pharmacokinetic study of peimine and peiminine in rat.

Comparison on pollen morphology among populations of Changium smyrnioides / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the pollen morphological differences among different populations of Changium smyrnioides.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The pollen morphology of 10 populations were examined through LM and SEM observations.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Pollens in different populations were distinguished from each other in the size, the largest average size was the pollen of the population cultivated in Hongshan, and the smallest was that of the population cultivated in Jiuhuashan. Pollens were oval-shaped in all of the populations, and P/E values were around 1.5. Typical feature of surface ornamentation was stripe-like structure, different populations were distinguished from each other in the texture depth and the gap. With different length and width in different populations, typical feature of germinal aperture was nearly square and 3 germinal furrows. Variation with 4 germinal apertures were found in the pollen of population cultivated in Hongshan.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Diversity of pollen morphology was high, and differentiation was strong in Ch. smyrnioides.</p>

Progress of taxonomic study on Fritillaria (Liliaceae) medicinal plant / 中国中药杂志

In this review, we described the taxonomic study of the Fritillaria medicinal plant in the recent years. The taxonomic study of the Fritillaria medicinal plant was carried out from three main aspects: the traditional morphological character, the characteristic constituents of the plant and genotyping and species identification of Fritillaria by DNA chips. By comparison, we concluded that the DNA chip technology can provide a rapid, high throughput for genotyping and quality assurance of the plant species verification. It is the most prosperous method of species identification of the plant.

Simultaneous determination of peimine, peiminine and zhebeinine in Fritillaria thunbergii from different habitat by HPLC-ELSD / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine peimine, peiminine and zhebeinine in Fritillaria thunbergii simultaneously by RP-HPLC-ELSD.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The HPLC was carried out with a Waters Alliance, Model 2690, equipped with an Xterra RP18 column (3.9 mm x 150 mm, .5 microm), and evaporated light scattering detector. It was eluted gradiently with acetonitrile and 10 mmol x L(-1) NH4HCO3 (adjusted to pH 10. 10 by ammonia solution).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The average recovery rates (n=5) of peimine, peiminine and zhebeinine were 98.2% (RSD 1.7%), 98.2% (RSD 2.2%), 96.5% (RSD 1.3%) respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, sensitive and reliable. It can be used for quantitative determination of F. thunbergii.</p>

Preparation and antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic activities of verticinone-bile acids salts / 药学学报

To search for potential drugs with potent antitussive, expectorant, antiasthmatic activities and low toxicity, a series of verticinone-bile acids salts were prepared based on the clearly elucidated antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic activities of verticinone in bulbs of Fritillaria and different bile acids in Snake Bile. The antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic activities of these verticinone-bile acid salts were then screened with different animal models. Ver-CA (verticinone-cholic acid salt) and Ver-CDCA (verticinone-chenodeoxycholic acid salt) showed much more potent activities than other compounds. The bioactivities of Ver-CA and Ver-CDCA are worthy to be intensively studied, and it is also deserved to pay much attention to their much more potent antitussive effects than codeine phosphate. In order to elucidate whether they have synergistic effect and attenuated toxicity, their activities will be continuously compared with single verticinone, cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid at the same doses on different animal models. The application of "combination principles" in traditional Chinese medicinal formulations may be a novel way in triditional Chinese medicine research and discovery.

HPLC fingerprint of Fritillaria hupehensis / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish a fingerprint analysis method of Fritillaria hupehensis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>fingerprint was performed by HPLC-ELSD. Hypersil ODS column was used; the mobile phase was composed of methanol (with 0.05% triethylamine) and water with gradient elution; flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1); recording time was 60 min; drift tube temperature was 75 degrees C; gas flow rate was 1.9 L x min(-1).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HPLC fingerprint of Fritillaria hupehensis was obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A reliable method was provided for controlling the quality of Fritillaria hupehensis.</p>

Determination of peimine and peiminine in Fritillaria thunbergii by HPLC-ELSD / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To determine peimine and peiminine in Fritillaria drug simultaneously by RP-HPLC-ELSD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>HPLC was carried out with a Waters Alliance, Model 2690, equipped with XTerra RP18 column (150 mm x 3.9 mm ID, 5 microm) and evaporated light scattering detector. The mobile phase (acetonitrile-10 mmol.L(-1) NH4HCO3 adjusted to pH 10.10 by ammonia solution) was eluted in gradient mode.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recoveries of peimine and peiminine were 98.96% (n = 4), with RSD 1.01% and 98.40% (n = 4), with RSD 2.63%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is simple, sensitive and reliable. It can be used for quantitative determination of Fritillaria drug.</p>

Simultaneous determination of the major isosteroidal alkaloids and their glucosides in the bulbs of Fritillaria by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To establish an HPLC-ELSD method for the simultaneous determination of five major bioactive isosteroidal alkaloids and gluco-alkaloids in the bulbs of Fritillaria namely peimissine, imperialine, sinpeinine A, imperialine-3 beta-glucoside and yibeinoside A.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A Nova-Pak C18 column (150 mm x 3.9 mm ID) was used. The chromatography was carried out with a linear gradient programming. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1% diethylamine) and the flow rate was 1.0 mL.min-1.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The linear range of peimissine was 13.1-288.2 mg.L-1 (r2 = 0.9975), imperialine-3 beta-glucoside 7.7-169.4 mg.L-1 (r2 = 0.9993), yibeinoside A 7.3-160.6 mg.L-1 (r2 = 0.9997), imperialine 16.5-363.0 mg.L-1 (r2 = 0.9992), sinpeinine A 8.7-191.4 mg.L-1 (r2 = 0.9942).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is accurate with overall intra- and inter-day variation less than 5% and recovery more than 95%. The method was successfully applied to analyze five major bioactive alkaloids and gluco-alkaloids in three Fritillaria bulbs.</p>

A new steroidal alkaloid from the bulbus of Fritillaria wabuensia / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of the bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromatography techniques were used to isolate the chemical constituents. EI-MS, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR and DEPT were used to determine the structures of the isolated constituents.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three alkaloids were isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensia, and were identified as imperialine (I), imperialine-beta-N-oxside (II), isoverticine-beta-N-oxide (III).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Isoverticine-beta-N-oxide was isolated from the bulbs of Fritillaria wabuensia for the first time. Isoverticine-beta-N-oxide is a new alkaloid.</p>

Studies on the chemical constituents from culbs of hybridized Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of hybridized Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by silica column chromatography and their structures were identified by physical and chemical eveidences and spectral analysis (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, MS).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven compounds were obtained and identified as (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-cevanine-6beta-hydroxy-3-one (hupehenirine, ZF1), (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-cevanine-3beta-hydroxy-6-one (hupehenizine, ZF2), (20R,25S)5alpha, 14alpha-cevanine-3beta,20beta-dihydroxy-6-one (peiminine, verticinone, ZF3), (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-cevanine-3beta, 6beta-dihydroxy (hupehenine, ZF4), (20R,25S)5alpha, 14alpha-cevanine-3beta, 6beta, 20beta-trihydroxy (isoverticine, ZF5), (20R,25S)5alpha, 14alpha-cevanine-3beta, 6alpha, 20beta-trihydroxy (peimine, verticine, ZF6), (20S,25S)5alpha, 14alpha, 17beta-evanine-6beta-hydroxy-3beta-O-beta-D-glucoside (hupeheninoside, ZF7).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds ZF1-7 were isolated from hybridized Bulbus Fritillariae Ussuriensis for the first time.</p>