Treatment of sciatica by lumbar nerve root canal injection under X-ray angiography / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the short-term clinical effect of lumbar nerve root canal injection under X-ray angiography in the treatment of sciatica.@*METHODS@#The clincal data of 78 patients with sciatica underwent lumbar nerve root canal injection under X-ray angiography from December 2017 to February 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Including 31 males and 47 females, aged from 22 to 88 years old with a median of 65 years. There were 55 cases of lumbar disc herniation and 23 cases of lumbar spinal stenosis, the course of disease ranged from 1 to 8 weeks with a median of 3 weeks. There were 71 cases of single segment disc herniation or stenosis, including L3,4 of 5 cases, L4,5 of 61 cases, L5S1 of 5 cases, and 7 cases of multisegment herniation or stenosis. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS) was recorded and Macnab was used to evaluate the clinical effect.@*RESULTS@#All patients completed standardized treatment without serious adverse reactions. VAS were (3.21±0.76) scores immediately after treatment, (2.89±0.33) scores 1 hour after treatment, (1.80±0.27) scores 6 hours after treatment, (1.10±0.20) scores 24 hours after treatment, (2.53±0.35) scores 1 week after treatment and (4.27±0.36) scores 1 month after treatment. There were significant differences in VAS between before treatment(7.83±0.56) and each time period after treatment(P<0.05). According to Macnab low back pain evaluation standard, 42 cases were effective, 34 cases were markedly effective and 2 cases were ineffective within 24 hours after treatment, with an effective rate of 97.4%;38 cases were effective, 25 cases were markedly effective, 15 cases were ineffective within one week after treatment, the effective rate was 80.0%;32 cases were effective, 22 cases were markedly effective, 24 cases were ineffective within one month after treatment, the effective rate was 69.2%.@*CONCLUSION@#The short-term clinical effect of nerve root canal injection under X-ray radiography in the treatment of sciatica is good and it is an effective method to relieve sciatica.

Uso de pregabalina en el tratamiento de la lumbociatalgia / Pregabalin for treatment of low back pain

La lumbociatalgia es un problema clínico común, que en la mayoría de los casos se autolimita y se puede tratar en forma conservadora, usando medidas no farmacológicas y analgésicos como paracetamol o los antiinflamatorios no esteroi-deos. Otro medicamento muy utilizado en nuestro medio es la pregabalina, a pesar de que no se encuentra aprobada para dicha indicación. En este trabajo, el autor se pregunta acerca de la utilidad clínica de la pregabalina y luego de hacer una búsqueda bibliográfica sobre la evidencia más actualizada y de mejor calidad acerca del tema, concluye que no es efectiva para lumbociatalgia y que se acompaña de efectos adversos significativos. Esto coincide con las recomenda-ciones de las guías internacionales, que en su mayoría desaconsejan el uso de anticonvulsivantes para la lumbalgia. (AU)

Sciatica is a common clinical situation, in most cases self-limited and which can be managed conservatively with nonpharmaco-logic treatment and analgesics, such as paracetamol or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pregabalin is also commonly used, despite not being approved for this indication. In this article, the author queries about the clinical usefulness of pregabalin, and after carrying out a bibliographic search of the most recent and best-quality evidence, concludes that it is not effective in sciatica while it causes significant adverse effects. This is in line with the recommendations of most international guidelines,that do not recommend the use of anticonvulsivants drugs for the treatment of lumbalgia. (AU)

Preemptive analgesic effect of lidocaine in a chronic neuropathic pain model / Efeito analgésico preemptivo da lidocaína em modelo de dor crônica neuropática

Preemptive analgesia inhibits the progression of pain caused by surgical lesions. To analyze the effect of lidocaine on postoperative pain relief, we performed compression of the right sciatic nerve in Wistar rats and observed the differences on behavior between the group that received lidocaine and the group that was not treated with the local anesthetics pre-operatively. Group 1 was not operated (control); group 2 underwent the sciatic nerve ligature without lidocaine; group 3, underwent surgery with previous local infiltration of lidocaine. Group 2 showed significantly longer scratching times with a peak on day 14 post-operative (p=0.0005) and reduction in the latency to both noxious (p=0.003) and non-noxious (p=0.004) thermal stimulus. Group 3 presented significantly shorter scratching times (p=0.004) and longer latency times when compared to Group 2. Preemptive use of lidocaine 2 percent can potentially reduce the postoperative neuropathic pain associated with sciatic nerve compression.

A analgesia preemptiva inibe a progressão da dor causada por lesão cirúrgica. Para analisar o efeito da lidocaína na diminuição da dor pós-operatória, submetemos ratos Wistar a compressão cirúrgica do nervo ciático e observamos diferenças em alguns padrões de comportamento entre o grupo tratado com lidocaína pré-operatória e o grupo não-tratado com o anestésico local. O grupo 1 não foi operado (controle); o grupo 2, submetido a ligadura do nervo ciático sem lidocaína, apresentou significativo aumento do tempo de coçar-se com um pico no 14º pós-operatório (p=0.0005) e redução na latência para os estímulos térmicos nocivo (p=0.003) e não-nocivo (p=0.004); o grupo 3, operado com a droga preemptiva, demonstrou significativo decréscimo no tempo de coçar-se (p=0.004) e maiores tempos de latência quando comparados aos do grupo 2. O uso preemptivo da lidocaína 2 por cento pode, potencialmente, reduzir a dor neuropática pós-operatória associada à compressão do nervo ciático.

Interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injection in the treatment of lumbosciatic pain: a retrospective analysis

Lumbosciatica is a common condition which is associated with significant pain and disability. The aim of the present study was to examine the efficacy of interlaminar epidural corticosteroid infiltration in the treatment of lumbosciatic pain. We evaluated retrospectively sixty patients with lumbosciatic pain that a sequential interlaminar epidural administration of 40 mg methylprednisolone in 7 mL bupivacaine 0.25 percent was administered. Each patient was interviewed and asked about the pain according to visual analogue scale (VAS) and the level of disability according to World Health Organization previously of the epidural corticosteroid infiltration and, 1 and, 6 months after starting therapy. Independently of the initial VAS value, all patients decreased their pain score after one and six months of follow-up (p<0.05). However, only the patients with a low grade of disability showed an improvement after the treatment (p<0.05). No side effects were reported after epidural corticosteroid injections. In conclusion, interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injection in association with local anesthetic may be useful, at least for six months, as additional therapy of the conservative management of lumbosciatic pain.

A lombociatalgia é condição clínica associada à dor intensa e alterações funcionais. O objetivo do presente estudo foi examinar a eficácia da infiltração de corticóide pela via epidural interlaminar no tratamento da dor da lombociatalgia. Foram avaliados, retrospectivamente, sessenta pacientes com lombociatalgia que foram submetidos à administração epidural interlaminar, em sequência, de 40 mg de metilprednisolona e 7 mL de bupivacaína a 0,25 por cento. Os pacientes foram avaliados em relação à dor de acordo com a escala visual analógica (EVA) e o grau de comprometimento funcional de acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde antes e, uma e, seis meses após o início do tratamento. Independentemente do valor inicial da EVA, todos os pacientes diminuíram o escore de dor após um e, seis meses de acompanhamento (p<0.05). Entretanto, apenas os pacientes com baixo grau de comprometimento funcional apresentaram melhora após o tratamento (p<0.05). Não foram observados efeitos colaterais após as injeções de corticóide epidural. Concluindo, a injeção epidural interlaminar de corticóide em associação com anestésico local pode ser benéfico, por pelo menos seis meses, como terapia coadjuvante no tratamento conservador da dor da lombociatalgia.

Our experience with epidural steroid injections in management of low backpain and sciatica.

BACKGROUND: Low back pain and sciatica is a common clinical condition. It is a most common orthopaedic complaint in the Kaski region of Nepal. The reason for its increased incidence may be hilly terrain, difficult working and living environment of the region. The initial treatment of Low back pain is conservative. Epidural steroid injection is being slowly established as are liable mode of conservative management in many orthopaedic centres of the world. This is a preliminary report of on-going study of the use of epidural steroid in the management of low back pain cases coming to the orthopaedic department of Manipal Teaching Hospital. METHODS: Prospective clinical trial was carried out on the patients reporting with low back pain and sciatica not responding to other modes of conservative treatment. Pre and post injection evaluation was done clinically. The level of pain, improvement in physical signs and ability to do activities of daily living were noted. RESULTS: Fifty two patients were observed for the average duration of 2.87 months. Average duration of symptoms was for 10 months. After first epidural steroid injection 83% of patients reported relief on day one. In some cases the onset of analgesia was delayed. Four patients reported no relief after first injection. Fifteen patients were given two injections and four received three injections. The average duration between two injections was three weeks.Average duration of pain relief was 20 days. At the end of 3 months, good results were seen in 39%, fair in 33% and bad results in 27%. Overall 59% of patients were able to do activities of daily living. Three patients (5.76%)required operation for disc prolapse. Postoperatively two patients reported back with back pain. Most common complaint of patients after injection was pain at the injection site. No major complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: Epidural Steroid Injection is a safe and effective mode of treatment of Low Back Pain. It provides painfree period to enable the patient for physiotherapy which helps in early recovery.

Evaluación prospectivas del corticoide epidural para el tratamiento del síndrome radicular secundario a HNP lumbar / Prospective analysis of the epidural steroids for the treatment of radicular pain caused by lumbar disc herniation

Se hace un análisis prospectivos de 141 pacientes portadores de un síndrome radicular lumbar, que fueron incluidos en un grupo de estudio con criterios de inclusión estrictos a los cuales se les administró una dosis única de 80 mg de metilprednisolona en el espacio epidural con técnica interlaminar por un anestesista calificado. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 6 meses con una media de 3 años. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 46 años (15-63). Las hernias discales fueron clasificados de acuerdo al: nivel, localización y tamaño. La efectividad del procedimiento fue evaluada en términos de desaparición del cuadro radicular y del test de extensión con pierna extendida (TEPE). En un periodo de seguimiento a corto plazo, el 39 por ciento de los pacientes experimentaron un alivio completo de la sintomalogía post infiltración, pero después de un seguimiento a mayor plazo (6 meses), este porcentaje disminuyó a un 26 por ciento del total de 141 pacientes que fueron incluidos en este estudio. Se obtuvieron mejores resultados con las hernias discales; las hernias de situación medial tienen mejores resultados en comparción con otras localizaciones (51 por ciento) y finalmente las hernias tipo A (pequeñas) responden mejor (43 por ciento) en relación con otros tamaños. Las hernias discales LA-L5 del tipo A y en situación medial, tienen en general los mejores resultados. Los peores resultados se obtuvieron con hernias del nivel L3-L4 y definitivamente ningún paciente portador de hernias del tamaño C respondió adecuadamente al procedimiento. Las complicaciones del método fueron mínimas

Avaliaçäo da eficácia e tolerância do cetoprofeno (200 mg/dia) comparada ao diclofenac sódico (150 mg/dia) no tratamento da lombociatalgia aguda / Evaluation of efficacy and safety of ketoprofen (200 mg/day) compared to diclofenac (150 mg/day) in the treatment of acute lombociatalgia

Através de um estudo duplo-cego e comparativo foi avaliada a eficácia e a tolerância de dois antiinflamatórios näo hormonais, o cetoprofeno (100 mg) e o diclofenac (75 mg), por via parenteral, em 60 pacientes portadores de lombociatalgia aguda. As medicaçöes foram administradas em duas doses diárias e as avaliaçöes feitas diariamente por um período de sete dias, onde, através de escalas de dor, índices de Schobber e de Ritchie e manobra de Lasègue, se caracterizou a presença e intensidade da dor e da síndrome raquidiana. A eficácia e a tolerância das duas drogas foram semelhantes, sendo encontrada melhora significativa a partir do segundo dia de tratamento e os efeitos colaterais mais freqüentes relacionados ao trato gastrointestinal, porém de intensidade leve a moderada

Infiltraçäo facetária como alternativa para o tratamento da dor lombar crônica e ciática / Percutaneous facetaria infiltration as alternative for cronic backache and sciatica

A técnica para localizaçäo e infiltraçäo dos nervos articulares com álcool absoluto e xylocaina, assim como a fisiopatologia dos nervos intervertebrais é descrita. Ao mesmo tempo divulgamos o resultado obtido com a mesma técnica em 20 pacientes acompanhados durante 15 meses, cujos resultados evidenciaram a validade deste método, näo havendo nenhuma complicaçäo neurológica ou sistêmica

Sciatica y quimionucleólisis / Sciatica and chemonucleolysis

En casos de sciatica debido a un disco herniado lumbar, la quimionucleólisis nos provee con un método de tratamiento eficaz y seguro en aquellos casos en los cuales ha fallado el tratamiento conservador. Mediante una selección meticulosa y una técnica quirúrgica precisa los resultados a obtener serán magníficos. Este estudio consta de setenta y siete pacientes con disco herniado lumbar que fueron tratados con quimopapaína intradiscal. Todos eran candidatos para tratamiento con cirugía abierta. Ochenta y ocho porciento de los pacientes obtuvieron resultados excelentes o buenos sin ninguna complicación. Aunque aparenta sencillo, este tratamiento requiere atención al detalle de diagnóstico y técnica quirúrgica