Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury: kidney protection effects by antioxidants / Lesión renal aguda inducida por sepsis: efecto de protección renal de los antioxidantes / Lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse: efeito de proteção renal dos antioxidantes

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine and diosmin-hesperidin in an experimental model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Methods: The study used 20 Wistar adult male rats divided into the following groups: control (laparotomy with no induction of abdominal sepsis), sepsis (experimental model of sepsis with cecal ligation and puncture), N-acetylcysteine + sepsis and diosmin-hesperidin + sepsis. The evaluation contemplated physiological parameters (temperature, glycemia, and average blood pressure), kidney function (creatinine clearance), oxidative stress (urinary peroxides) and kidney histology. Results: The animals submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (sepsis) presented lower body temperature, lower average blood pressure, reduced creatinine clearance and increased urinary hydrogen peroxide levels. Treatment with diosmin-hesperidin improved kidney function and led to a reduction in the excretion of oxidative metabolites. Conclusion: The present study highlighted the protective antioxidant action of diosmin-hesperidin in the experimental model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar la acción antioxidante de agentes como la N-acetilcisteína y Diosmina-Hesperidina en modelo experimental de lesión renal aguda inducida por sepsis en ratones. Método: Fueron utilizados veinte ratones Wistar, adultos y machos, divididos en los grupos: Control (laparotomía sin inducción de sepsis abdominal), Sepsis (modelo experimental de sepsis con ligadura y punción de ciego-LPC), N-acelsisteína+Sepsis y Diosmina Hesperidina+Sepsis. Se evaluaron parámetros fisiológicos (temperatura, glucemia y presión arterial promedio), la función renal (clearance de creatinina), el estrés oxidativo (peróxidos urinarios) e histología renal. Resultados: Los animales sometidos a LPC (sepsis) presentaron reducción de la temperatura corporal, de la presión arterial promedio, del clearance de creatinina e incremento de niveles de peróxidos de hidrógeno urinarios. El tratamiento con Diosmina-Hesperidina mejoró la función renal, reduciendo la excreción de metabolitos oxidativos. Conclusión: Este estudio destacó la acción renoprotectora antioxidante de la Diosmina-Hesperidina en el modelo experimental de lesión renal aguda inducida por sepsis.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a ação antioxidante de agentes como a N-acetilcisteína e diosmina-hesperidina em modelo experimental de lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse em ratos. Método: Foram utilizados vinte ratos Wistar, adultos e machos, divididos nos seguintes grupos: Controle (laparotomia sem indução de sepse abdominal), Sepse (modelo experimental de sepse com ligadura e punção do cécum- LPC), N-acetilcisteína+Sepse e Diosmina Hesperidina+Sepse. Foram avaliados parâmetros fisiológicos (temperatura, glicemia e pressão arterial média), função renal (clearance de creatinina), estresse oxidativo (peróxidos urinários) e histologia renal. Resultados: Os animais submetidos à LPC (sepse) apresentaram redução da temperatura corporal, da pressão arterial média, do clearance de creatinina e elevação nos níveis de peróxidos de hidrogênio urinários. O tratamento com a Diosmina-Hesperidina melhorou a função renal com redução na excreção dos metabólitos oxidativos. Conclusão: Este estudo destacou a ação renoprotetora antioxidante da Diosmina-Hesperidina no modelo experimental de lesão renal aguda induzida pela sepse.

The potential efficacy of Survanta (r) and Seprafilm (r) on preventing intra-abdominal adhesions in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To investigate the potential efficacy of beractant (Survanta(r)) and Seprafilm(r) on the prevention of postoperative adhesions. METHODS: Forty Wistar-albino female rats were used. The rats were randomly allocated into four groups of 10 rats each as control group (CG), beractant group (BG), Seprafilm(r) group (SG), and combined group (COG). All rats underwent cecal abrasion via midline laparotomy. Before abdominal closure, isotonic saline, beractant, Seprafilm, and combined agents were intraperitoneally administered. Adhesions were classified macroscopically with Canbaz Scoring System on postoperative day 10. Ceacum was resected for histopathological assessment. RESULTS: Macroscopic adhesion scores were significantly lower in BG, SG, and COG than CG (p<0.05); (45%, 15%, 25%, and 15%; respectively). Histopathological assessment revealed a reduced inflammation and fibrosis score in the study groups than CG (p<0.05). In BG, adhesion development, inflammation and fibrosis scores were lower than SG; however, it was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-abdominal application of beractant is significantly effective for the prevention of adhesion formation with no adverse effect by covering the whole peritoneal mesothelium with excellent gliding properties in a rat model. The combination of both agents is also effective in reducing adhesion formation, however, not superior to single beractant application.

Effects of the diclofenac sodium [NSAID] on collagen connective tissue fibres in caecal mucosa of albino rats

To evaluate the effects of diclofenac sodium [NSAID] on Collagen connective tissue fibers of albino rats. An animal study carried on experimental albino rats. An animal study carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi. Diclofenac sodium was administered to male albino rats at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight orally once daily for two weeks. These animals were sacrificed, Caeca were identified and removed, opened along mesenteric border, fixed in alcoholic formalin. Embedded in paraplast, 4 um thick sections were cut on rotary microtome, stained with Mallory's trichrome Connective tissue stain. The histomorphological features of caecal mucosa were compared with those in the control animals. The study revealed that diclofenac sodium administration produced and increased amount of Collagen connective tissue fibers forming a sub-epithelial collagen band in caecal mucosa of albino Rats. The results suggest that diclofenac sodium causes. Severe caecal mucosal damage in albino rats

Effects of mosapride on motility of the small intestine and caecum in normal horses after jejunocaecostomy

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prokinetic effects of mosapride with non-invasive assessment of myoelectrical activity in the small intestine and caecum of healthy horses after jejunocaecostomy. Six horses underwent celiotomy and jejunocaecostomy, and were treated with mosapride (treated group) at 1.5 mg/kg per osos once daily for 5 days after surgery. The other six horses did not receive treatment and were used as controls (non-treated group). The electrointestinography (EIG) maximum amplitude was used to measure intestinal motility. Motility significantly decreased following surgery. In the treated group, the EIG maximum amplitude of the small intestine was significantly higher than in the controls from day 6~31 after treatment. These findings clearly indicate that mosapride could overcome the decline of intestinal motility after jejunocaecostomy in normal horses.

Protective role of anti-oxidant against caecal ulcerogenicity by diclofenac sodium in albino rats

To evaluate the protective role of vitamin-E [alpha-tocopherol] on caecal ulcerogenicity of diclofenac sodium administration in albino rats. An animal study carried on experimental albino rats. The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from 2001 to 2002. Diclofenac sodium and vitamin-E were administered to male albino rats separately and simultaneously at a dose of 2 mg/kg/body weight [for each drug] orally once daily for two weeks. These animals were sacrificed. Caeca were identified and removed, opened along mesenteric border, stretched and examined under dissecting microscope. The severity of erosions and ulcers was rated according to an arbitrary scale of Bonta. The caecum was then fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraplast. 4 micro m thick sections were cut on rotary microtome and stained with haematoxylin and eosin [H and E]. The histomorphological features of caecal mucosa were compared with those in the control animals and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that diclofenac sodium administration in albino rats produced ulcerative changes in caecal mucosa and simultaneously vitamin-E protected caecal ulcerogenicity. These results suggest that diclofenac sodium causes severe caecal mucosal damage in albino rats, however, could be protected by simultaneous administration of vitamin-E in albino rats

Effect of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome extract on the gastrointestinal tract of rat.

Extract of Nelumbo nucifera rhizome (RNN) was used as anti-diarrheal agent to combat the diarrhea in experimental rats. The RNN extract in graded doses (100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body wt.) reduced not only the frequency of defecation, wetness of fecal dropping and PGE2 induced enteropooling but also the propulsive movements of charcoal meal significantly.

Influence of pirenzepine on colonic serotonin changes induced by short chaim fatty acid

En este trabajo hemos la influencia de un ácido graso de cadena corta (acetato) sobre el número de células enterocromafines (EC) conteniendo serotonina (5HT) a dos diferentes pH (pH 6.9, estímulo absortivo y pH 2.9 estímulo secretor) infundido durante una hora en el colon. El número de células EC disminuye significativament con una solución infundida a pH 2.9, especialmente en el ciego. La acción de la pirencepina en prevenir esta reducción demuestra que el mecanismo se efectúa parcialmente a través de receptores colinérgicos. Por parte, se observa una disminución de la liberación de 5HT, a través de un mecanismo colinérgico, como lo indica la inhibición observada con la droga antimuscarínica

Dilataçäo experimental de ceco e cólon em ratos: IV. Avaliaçäo de um modelo produzido pelo emprego de lactose na raçäo de animais em fase crônica da infecçäo pela cepa Colômbia da T. cruzi / Experimental dilatation of the cecum and colon in rats. IV. Evaluation of a model produced by the use of lactose in the food of animals in the chronic phase of infection by the Colombia strain or T. cruzi

Cinquenta e cinco ratos Wistar (fêmeas) com 30 dias de idade foram submetidos, em intervalos de 7 dias, a três sessöes de inoculaçäo por via intraperitoneal da cepa P. F. (Pedreira de Freitas) de T. cruzi (dose de 10**7 formas epimastigotas/animal/sessäo). Trinta dias após a última sessäo, foi feito o desafio com a cea Colômbia, empregando-se 10**5 formas tripomastigotas/animal pela mesma via. Decorridos 150 dias, os animais foram divididos nos seguintes grupos: Grupos I (controles), subdivididos em subgrupos L (recebendo 4 semanas lactose) e subgrupo S (recebendo 4 semanas sacarose); Grupo II (inoculados), constituídos com os mesmos subgrupos anteriores; Grupo III (controle), constituído do subgrupo L-S (4 semanas com lactose, substituída por sacarose nas 4 semanas seguintes) e subgrupo S (8 semanas com sacarose); Grupo IV (inoculados), subdivididos nos mesmos subgrupos do grupo anterior. A quantidade de dissacarídeo (lactose ou sacarose) adicionado à dieta correspondeu a 25 g/100 g de peso final, utilizando-se na mistura a raçäo habitualmente empregada na alimentaçäo destes animais. No final de cada período, os animais, foram sacrificados para medida do volume externo e pesagem individual do ceco e cólon. A observaçäo dos resultados mostrou que os animais que receberam lactose, nesta modelo experimental de doença de Chagas, apresentaram aumento significativo e acentuado do volume e peso do ceco e cólon em relaçäo aos controles. O fenômeno reverteu com a substituiçäo na raçäo, da lactose pela sacarose. Aparentemente, neste estudo, o comportamento mais uniforme dos resultados em relaçäo ao produzido pela cepa Y, está relacionado com o modelo empregado

Dilataçäo experimental de ceco e cólon em ratos: II. Reversäo após induçäo pela administraçäo continuada de lactose / Experimental dilatation of the cecum and colon in rats: II. Reversion after induction by the continuous administration of lactose

A 50 ratos fêmeas recém-desmamadas foi administrada raçäo com 25 g de lactose/100 g de peso final de mistura, durante 26 dias e, a seguir, esta foi trocada por outra com quantidade equivalente de sacarose, por mais 21 dias. Como grupo controle foram utilizados 30 animais do mesmo sexo e peso que passaram a receber, por 49 dias, raçäo com 25 g de sacarose/100 g de peso final de mistura. Para avaliaçäo da evoluçäo do peso, animais representantes de cada subgrupo foram pesados semanalmente. Com 28, 30, 32, 35, 42 e 49 dias de experiência um grupo de animais foi sacrificado para retirada do intestino grosso e medida do volume externo e pesagem do ceco e cólon. Os resultados indicaram que o ganho ponderal deficiente dos animais que receberam lactose durante o período de 28 dias pode ser revertido com a substituiçäo deste açúcar por sacarose. Por outro lado, o aumento do volume externo do intestino grosso induzido pela lactose reduz-se rapidamente, já na primeira semana, após a retirada deste açúcar. O peso do ceco reduziu-se gradativamente, permanecendo contudo, com valores ligeiramente elevados até três semanas após a substituiçäo da lactose por sacarose. Em conclusäo, nas condiçöes do estudo, as repercussöes determinadas pela lactose sobre o intestino grosso e particularmente sobre o ceco de rato após o desmame näo foram permanentes