Use of the cryostat to prepare slides for trichological analysis / [Uso do aparelho criostato para preparação de lâminas para a análise tricológica]

A análise dos padrões morfológicos e morfométricos das microestruturas capilares é uma técnica não invasiva que pode ser utilizada para identificar espécies de mamíferos. Esta técnica pode ser aplicada em diversas áreas da ciência animal, tais como controle de qualidade de alimentos e análises forenses. Dada a dificuldade de obter seções transversais de pelos de guarda para expor o córtex, a maioria dos estudos analisou apenas os componentes medulares e cuticulares do pelo. A inclusão do córtex capilar de guarda em uma análise tricológica pode proporcionar uma descrição mais precisa das raças ou espécies de mamíferos. O presente estudo propõe um novo método para a execução de cortes transversais que expõem o córtex do pelo guarda de mamíferos utilizando um criostato.(AU)

Progress in the 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing in Forensic Science / 法医学杂志

Forensic microorganism is one of the hotspots of forensic science research. Due to its conservatism and specificity, the 16S rRNA gene is found to be an ideal marker for forensic identification. With the rapid development of high throughput sequencing technology, the research on microorganisms has been gradually applied to many fields such as environment and health care. In the field of forensic science, the results of forensic microbiology research, represented by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, are also gradually applied to forensic practice, such as biological samples identification, individual identification, postmortem interval estimation, and regional inference, which not only provide clues for the investigation of cases but also complement and assist traditional methods. This paper describes the research methods and related sequencing technologies of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, summarizes its research progress, and discusses the application value and potential of 16S rRNA in forensic science.

Primer registro de Talaromyces udagawae relacionado con cuerpos humanos en descomposición, en suelo de la Argentina / First record of Talaromyces udagawae in soil related to decomposing human remains in Argentina

The morphologic features of Talaromyces udagawae Stolk and Samson are here described and illustrated. This teleomorphic Ascomycota fungus was isolated from soil obtained in Buenos Aires province (Argentina) from beneath a human cadaver in an advanced state of decomposition. After washing and serial dilution of the soil along with moist-chamber techniques for fungal cultivation, T. udagawae formed very restricted colonies of bright yellow color on different growth media with 8-ascospored asci. The ascospores were ellipsoidal and ornamented. The anamorphic state was not observed. Molecular-genetic techniques identified the species. The present record is the first of the species in Argentina, pointing it as a tool to identify soils where cadaver decomposition occurs.

Se describen e ilustran las características morfológicas de Talaromyces udagawae Stolk y Samson. Se aisló el estado teleomórfico de este hongo Ascomycota de suelo obtenido en la provincia de Buenos Aires (Argentina), por debajo de un cadáver humano en avanzado estado de descomposición. Las muestras de suelo fueron analizadas mediante lavado, dilución seriada y cámaras húmedas, técnicas ampliamente usadas para el estudio de hongos de suelo. T. udagawae formó colonias muy restringidas de color amarillo brillante en diferentes medios de cultivo, con ascos con 8 ascosporas. Las ascosporas eran elipsoidales y ornamentadas. No fue hallado el estado anamórfico. La especie también fue identificada mediante técnicas moleculares. El presente registro es el primero de la especie en la Argentina y el único que la postula como herramienta para identificar suelos donde ocurre una descomposición cadavérica.

Bases teóricas de las ciencias forenses contemporáneas y las competencias interdisciplinarias profesionales / Theoretical bases of contemporary forensic sciences and professional interdisciplinary competencies

Se realizó una propuesta sobre la concepción de competencias profesionales, a partir del enfoque de las ciencias forenses. Se reflexiona desde la perspectiva interdisciplinaria sobre los elementos indispensables en la gestión de las prácticas periciales. El trabajo integra los conocimientos de las ciencias, disciplinas y especialidades que intervienen en estas pesquisas, plasma, desde los conceptos de estas, las funciones dentro del amplio campo de investigación forense, y muestra la capacidad de los profesionales para mejorar la calidad. La interdisciplinariedad y el enfoque de proceso permitieron integrar sistémicamente la información, gestionando la calidad de las investigaciones para lograr esta en menor tiempo. El estado actual del arte justifica la necesidad de la interdisciplinariedad como manera eficaz de elevar la capacidad de los especialistas implicados en estas indagaciones, aspecto que se demuestra desde el surgimiento de las investigaciones periciales de los delitos en el mundo.

A proposal about the conception of professional competences was carried out and it was based on the approach of forensic sciences. A reflection from an interdisciplinary perspective was made on the indispensable elements in the management of forensic investigations. This work integrates knowledges about certain sciences, disciplines and specialties that get involve in expert investigations; it expresses, from their concepts, the functions considering the broad spectrum of forensic research, as well as, it shows the capacity of professionals to improve the quality of their works. Interdisciplinarity and process approach allowed us to integrate systemically the information, managing quality of investigations in order to achieve this one in lesser time. Current state of the art justifies the necessity of interdisciplinarity as an effective way to increase professional competences in people involved in these inquiries, aspect that is demonstrated since the beginning of expert investigations of crimes worldwide.