Protocolo combinado de 99mTc-Ciprofloxacina y 99mTc-MDP en el diagnóstico de osteomielitis y prótesis articular infectada / 99mTc-ciprofloxacin/99mTc-MDP combined protocol in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis and infected joint prosthesis

Introducción. El centellograma óseo con 99mTc-MDP es una técnica útil en el diagnóstico de osteomielitis, sin embargo, presenta especificidad limitada en presencia de patología ósea previa (osteomielitis complicada). La 99mTc-ciprofloxacina es uno de los radiofármacos más difundidos para la detección de infecciones óseas, aunque persisten controversias sobre su rendimiento diagnóstico. Objetivo. Determinar el valor clínico del protocolo combinado de centellograma con 99mTc-ciprofloxacina y 99mTc-MDP en el diagnóstico de osteomielitis complicada y prótesis articular infectada. Materiales y métodos 37 pacientes con sospecha clínica de osteomielitis complicada o prótesis infectada fueron estudiados mediante centellograma con 99mTc-ciprofloxacina y 99mTc-MDP. 26/37 pacientes presentaban fractura previa, 7 prótesis de rodilla y 4 prótesis de cadera. En todos ellos se realizó seguimiento clínico y bacteriológico. Resultados. El método presentó sensibilidad de 94 por ciento, especificidad de 79 por ciento, valor predictivo positivo de 81 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo de 94 por ciento, con una exactitud de 86 por ciento. Conclusiones. El protocolo combinado de 99mTc-ciprofloxacina y 99mTc-MDP presenta elevado rendimiento para el diagnóstico de osteomielitis complicada y prótesis articular infectada.

Introduction. Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP is a useful technique in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, however, has limited specificity in the presence of previous bone pathology (complicated osteomyelitis). 99mTc-ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely used radiotracers for the detection of bone infection, although controversies persist on its diagnostic performance. Objective To determine the clinical value of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin/99mTc-MDP combined protocol in the diagnosis of complicated osteomyelitis and infected joint prosthesis. Materials and methods 37 patients with clinically suspected complicated osteomyelitis or infected prosthesis were studied with 99mTc-ciprofloxacin and 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy. 26/37 patients had previous fractures, 7 had knee replacements and 4 had hip replacements. All of the patients underwent clinical and bacteriological follow-up. Results. The method presented sensitivity of 94 percent, 79 percent specificity, 81 percent positive predictive value and 94 percent negative predictive value, with an accuracy of 86 percent. Conclusions. The combined protocol using 99mTc-ciprofloxacin/99mTc-MDP showed high diagnostic performance in complicated osteomyelitis and infected joint prosthesis.

Biodistribución y farmacocinética de 99mTc-ciprofloxacina obtenida de una formulación modificada / Biokinetics performance of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin obtained from a new formulation

El propósito de la presente investigación fue evaluar el comportamiento biocinético de la 99mTc-ciprofloxacina obtenida de una nueva formulación. Un ensayo in vitro y un modelo de infección experimental demostraron su afinidad por bacterias vivas. La vida media en sangre fue de 5,89 +/- 0,85 horas. La biodistribución mostró alta acumulación en músculos infectados y baja en tejidos sanos.

The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the biokinetics performance of 99mTc-ciprofloxacin obtained from a new formulation. Both in vitro assays and experimental infection models demonstrated its affinity for viable bacteria.Half life in blood was 5.89 +/- 0.85 hours. The biodistribution showed high accumulation on infected muscles and low on healthy tissues.

Synthesis and in-vitro antibacterial activity of/N-piperazinyl quinlone derivatives with 5-chloro-2-thienyl group

Fluoroquinolones are an important group of antimicrobial agents that are used widely in the treatment of various infectious diseases. The purpose of the present study was to synthesize new N-piperazinyl quinolone derivatives with 5-chloro-2-theinyl group having possible antimicrobial activity. Reaction of ciprofloxacin [1], norfloxacin [2] and enoxacin [3] with alpha-bromoketone 10 or alpha-bromooxime derivatives 11a-c in DMF, in the presence of NaHCO[3] at room temperature, afforded corresponding ketones 4a-c or oxime derivatives 5-7[a-c], respectively. The synthesized compounds were tested against a series of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The results of MIC tests against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria revealed that ciprofloxacin derivatives [compounds 4a, 5a, 6a and 7a] were more active than norfloxacin and enoxacin analogues. Compound 5a, containing N-[2-[5-chlorothiophen-2-yl]-2-hydroxyiminoethyl] residue provided a high in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC of 0.06, 0.125, 0.5 and 0.125 micro g/mL against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. feacalis and B. subtilis, respectively. Its activity was found to be 4 to 8 times better than reference drug [ciprofloxacin] against all Gram-positive bacteria with the exception of E. feacalis

Embyotoxicity of norfloxacin in mice

In this investigation the embryotoxicity of norfloxacin has been studied. Oral administration of norfloxacin to pregnant female mice in the first two weeks of pregnancy of a dose of 550mg/kg/day significant decreases litter size and increases fetal resorption rate. There is no evidence of teratogenic effects. The rate of embryonic lost was also increased in treated group as compared with control